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高中一年级英语

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  • 单选题
    ____ our teacher will allow ____ early after the examination?

    A. Who do you think; leaving
    B. Who do you think; to leave
    C. Do you think who; leaving
    D. Do you think who; to leave
    本题信息:2011年同步题英语单选题难度一般 来源:张雪
  • 本题答案
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本试题 “____ our teacher will allow ____ early after the examination?A. Who do you think; leavingB. Who do you think; to leaveC. Do you think who; leavingD...” 主要考查您对

不定式

插入语

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 不定式
  • 插入语

动词不定式的概念:

动词不定式指由to加上动词原形(而且只能是动词原形)所构成的一种非限定性动词,但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、
表语、定语和状语。


不定式的特殊句型对比:

1、不定式的特殊句型too…to…:
1)too…to 太…以至于…。
例如:He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了,说不出话来。  
        —Can I help you? 需要我帮忙吗?
        —Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carryi t, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重,恐怕你搬不动。谢谢。
2)如在too前有否定词,则整个句子用否定词表达肯定,too后那个词表达一种委婉含义,意为“不太”。
例如:It's never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。(谚语) 
3)当too前面有only, all, but时,意思是:非常…等于very。
例如:I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 能帮助你我非常高兴。 
            He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
2、不定式的特殊句型so as to:
1)表示目的:它的否定式是so as not to do。
例如:Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job. 汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。   
            Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 轻点进去,别惊醒了婴儿。
2)表示结果:
例如:Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾,现在几点了。
3、不定式的特殊句型:Why not:
“Whynot+动词原形”表达向某人提出建议,翻译为:为什么不……?   干吗不……?
例如:Why not take a holiday?


不定式的用法:

1、不定式作补语:
1)有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。
例如:advise allow cause challenge command compel drive驱使
enable encourage forbid force impel induce instruct invite like/love order permit make let have want get warn persuade request send tell train urge 等。
例如:Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。      
            The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。
注意:有些动词如make,have,get,want等可用不定式作做宾补,也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动。
2)有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构,不定式的动词往往是be,不定式一般可以省去。
例如:consider find believe think declare(声称) appoint guess fancy(设想) guess judge imagine know 等。
例如:We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。 
            We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。(tobe不能省去)
典型例题:Charles Babbage is generally considered___the first computer.
                    A. to invent 
                    B. inventing 
                    C. to have invented 
                    D. having invented 
答案:C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构,也没有consider+宾语+doing的结构,排除A、B、D。consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时,一般要求用不定式的完成式,故选C。 3)有些动词可以跟there+to be的结构。例如:believe expect intend like love mean prefer want wish understand 等。
例如:We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
            You wouldn't want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。
2、不定式作主语:
不定式作主语,往往用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。 
例如:It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。
            It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。 
            It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。 
            It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。
3、不定式作表语:
不定式可放在be动词后面,形成表语。
例如:My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。  
            His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。
4、不定式作定语:
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后,往往表示未发生的动作。
例如:I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。   
            There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上(他回家时)两手空空。
5、不定式作状语:
1)目的状语:常用结构为to do,only to do(仅仅为了), in order to do,so as to do,so(such)...asto…(如此…以便…)。
例如:He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。  
            I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2)作结果状语,可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果,不定式要放在句子后面。
例如:I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。  
            He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间,没发现什么。
3)表原因:
例如:I'm glad to see you.  见到你很高兴。
            She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。
4)表示理由和条件:
例如:He must be a fool to say so.
            You will do well to speak more carefully.
            You will do well to speak more carefully.


不定式知识体系:

 


不定式用法拓展:

1、用作介词的to:
to可以用作介词,也可用作不定式的标示。下面的to都用作介词:admit to  object to  beaccus to  med to  beused to  stick to  turn to开始 look forward to  be devoted to  pay attention to  contribute to apologize to devote oneself to

2、省去to的动词不定式:
1)情态动词(除ought外)后。
2)使役动词let,have,make后,感官动词see, watch, lookat, notice, observe, hear, listento, smell, feel, find等后。
注意:被动语态中不能省去to。
例如:I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。=He was seen to dance.  
           The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night.
3)would rather,had better句型后:
4)Why…/why not…句型后:
5)help后可带to,也可不带to, help sb(to)do sth:
6)but和except后:
but前是实义动词do时,后面出现的不定式不带to。
比较:He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。  
            He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药,他什么都信。
7)由and, or和than连接的两个不定式,第二个to可以省去:
8)通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时,可以省去to be。
例如:He is supposed(to be)nice. 他应该是个好人。

3、动词不定式的否定式在不定式标志to前加上not。
例如:Tell him not to shut the window。让他别关窗。 
            She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候,她假装没看见。
4、It's for sb. 和It's of sb. 这样的句子中,由于表语形容词性质的不同,导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。
1)for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:
例如:It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2)of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格,品德,心智能力,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
例如:It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。用for还是用of的另一种辨别方法:用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果通顺用of,不通则用for。
例如:You are nice.(通顺,所以应用of)。  
            He is hard.(非所表达的意思,不通,因此用for。)


插入语的概念:

所谓插入语,就是指插在句子中间,对句子起补充或附加的说明的成分。一般说来,插入语与句中其他部分没有语法上的联系,若将其去掉,句子结构仍然完整。插入语在句中主要起解释、说明、总结等作用,此外还可用于表示说话者的态度和看法、起强调作用、引起别方的注意、转移话题、承上启下等。


插入语的几种类型:

一、形容词(短语)作插入语
如:Sure enough, she was there. 果然她在那里。
        Strange to say, he is still ignorant of it.说也奇怪,他还不知道这件事。
  Mostimportantofall,theseactivitieshavestrengthenedtheirtieswiththeworkingpeople.最重要的是,这些活动加强了他们和劳动人民的联系。
二、副词(短语)作插入语
如:I'm seeing him in May一or rather early June. 我5月份见他——更确切地说是在6月初。
       We must be back be foremidnight;otherwisewe’llbelockedout.我们必须在午夜之前赶回去,否则我们就会被锁在门外。
三、介词短语作插入语
Hedoesn’tmind.Infact,heisverypleased.他不介意,实际上他很高兴。
Bytheway,doyouknowwhereMarylives?顺便问一下,你知道玛丽住在哪里吗?
Theboyisnotfoolish.Onthecontrary,Ithinkheisveryclever.这孩子不愚蠢,相反我认为他很聪明。
Alotofuswanttoleavenow—Bill,forexample[=forexample,Bill].我们很多人现在都想走——比如,比尔就是一例。
四、v-ing分词(短语)作插入语
Generallyspeakingchildrenliketowatchtelevision.一般说来,小孩子喜欢看电视。
Judgingfrom[by]hisaccent,hemaybefromthesouth.听他的口音,他可能是南方人。
五、不定式短语作插入语
Tobeginwith,Idonotlikeitscolour.首先,我不喜欢它的颜色。
Totellthetruth,thefilmwasagreatdisappointmenttome.说实在的,那部影片使我大为失望。
Tomakealongstoryshort,weagreedtodisagree.长话短说,我们同意各自保留不同的看法。
六、句子(陈述句和一般疑问句等)作插入语
Believeitornot,theygotmarriedsoon.信不信由你,他们不久就结婚了。
Helearnseasily,andwhat’smore,herememberswhathehaslearnt.他学习起来很容易,而且他所学习过的都记得住。
Hedidn’tgo,that’stosay,it’snotrecordedthathedid.他没去,换句话说,他去了这个事实无案可查。


插入语用法例题解析:

插入语是一种独立成分,通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系,插入语大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释,通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,常置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。下面举例归纳插入语的几种用法。
例1:____the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A. General speaking
B. Speaking general
C. Generally speaking
D. Speaking generally
解析:本题答案为C.  generally speaking为分词短语,意思是“一般来说”,在句中用作插入语。
小结:许多分词短语可以用作插入语,这样的分词短语有:strictly speaking(严格地说),generally considering(一般认为),judging from……(根据……判断)等。
例2:Two middle-aged passengers fellin to the sea.____, neither of them could swim.
A. In fact
B. Luckily
C. Unfortunately
D. Naturally
解析:本题答案为C.  unfortunately为副词,意思是“令人遗憾地,不巧,可惜”,在句中用作插入语。
小结:常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有:indeed(的确),surely(无疑),however(然而),frankly(坦率地说),obviously(显然),naturally(天然地),luckily(happily)forsb.(算某人幸运),fortunately(幸好),strangely(奇怪),briefly(简单地说)等。
例3:Your performance in the driving test didn't reach the required standard, ____, you failed.
A. in the end
B. after all
C. in other words
D. at the same time
解析:本题答案为C.   in other words为介词短语,意思是“换句话说”,在句中用作插入语。
小结:常用作插入语的介词短语有:in conclusion(总之),in a word(简而言之),in short(简而言之),in general(一般说来),in a sense(在某种意义上),in my view(在我看来),in his opinion(按照他的看法),in fact(事实上),at first(首先),in addition(此外),of course(当然),to my surprise(使我惊奇的),to her regret(使她遗憾的),for example(例如)等。
例4:It is so nice to hear from her.____, we last met more than thirty years ago.
A.What's more
B. That is to say
C. In other words
D. Believe it or not 
解析:本题答案为D.  believe it or not为一分句,意思是“信不信由你”,在句中作插入语。
小结:用简短的句子结构作插入语,它们常置于句中或句末。这类简短的句子有:I am sure(我可以肯定地说),I believe(我相信),do you know(你知道吗),you see(你明白),I'm afraid(恐怕),it is said(据说),I suppose(我想),what's more(而且),what's worse(更糟糕的是),that is(也就是说),what is important(重要的是)等。
例5:____with you, I have no money to spare.
A. To be frank
B. What's more
C. In addition
D. However
解析:本题答案为A. to be frank为不定式短语,意思是“坦率地说”,在句中用作插入语。
小结:常用作插入语的不定式短语有:to be sure(无疑地),to sumup(概括地说),to tell the truth(老实说)等。
例6_____, he should have done such a thing.
A. Speakinggeneral
B. Strangetosay
C. Luckily
D. Ofcourse
解析:本题答案为B. strange to say为形容词短语,意思是“说也奇怪”,在句中用作插入语。
小结:常用作插入语的形容词或其短语有:true(真的),funny(真可笑),needless to say(不用说),mos timportant of all(最为重要),worse still(更糟糕的),even better(更好)等。


插入语的几种类型:

1)形容词(短语)作插入语:
能用作插入语的形容词(短语)常见的有:true,wonderful,excellent,strangetosay, mostimportantofall,sureenough等。 
如:True, it would be too bad. 真的,太糟了。 
        Wonderful, we have won again. 太好了,我们又赢了。 
2)副词(短语)作插入语: 
能用作插入语的副词(短语)有:indeed,surely,still,otherwise,certainly,however, generally,personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,though,besides,exactly, perhaps,maybe,probably,frankly,orrather等。 
如:When he got there, he found, however, that the weather was too bad. 可是到了那儿之后他发现,那儿的天气太坏了。 
        Otherwise, he would still be at home. 不然的话,他还会在家的。
3)介词短语作插入语: 
能用作插入语的介词短语有:in fact,in one's opinion,in general,in a word,in other words,in a few words,of course,by the way,as a result,for example,on the contrary,on the other hand,to one's surprise,in short,as a matter of fact, in conclusion,in brief等。 
如:You can't wait any more-in other words, you should start at once. 你不能再等了—换言之,你得立即出发。 
        On the contrary, we should streng then our cooperation with them. 相反,我们应该加强和他们的合作。
4)V-ing(短语)作插入语: 
能用作插入语的V-ing(短语)常见的有:generally speaking,strictly speaking,judging from by,talking of,considering等。 
如:Generally speaking, the weather there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. 一般来说,那儿的气候冬天不太冷,夏天不太热。 
        Judging by his clothes, he may be an artist. 从衣着来判断,他可能是个艺术家。
5)不定式短语作插入语: 
能用作插入语的不定式短语有:to be frank,to be honest,to be sure,to tell you the truth,to make matters worse,to sumup,to start with,to begin with等。 
如:To be frank, I don't quite agree with you. 坦率地说,我不太同意你的意见。 
        To tell you the truth, I'm not so interested in the matter. 跟你说实话,我对这件事情的兴趣不大。 
        To sumup, success results from hard work. 总而言之,成功是艰苦努力的结果。
6)句子(陈述句和一般疑问句)作插入语:
能用作插入语的句子有:I am sure,I believe,I think,I know,I suppose,I hope,I'm afraid,you see,what's more,that is to say,as we know,as I see,believe it or not等。 
如:Some animals only half-hibernate, that is to say, their sleep is not such a deep one. 有些动物只是半冬眠,就是说,它们的睡眠并不是深度睡眠。 
        I believe, China will catch up with the developed countries sooner or later. 我确信,中国迟早会赶上发达国家。 
        He can't pass the exam, because he doesn't study hard.
        What's more, he isn't so clever. 他不能通过这次考试,因为他学习不认真,更何况他又不太聪明。