本试题 “There is often one ________ English newspaper in countries ________ English is not the main language.[ ]A. everyday, whereB. every day, thatC. dail...” 主要考查您对形容词
定语从句
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
形容词的几个特殊用法：
most 同形容词连用而不用 the, 表示 " 极,很,非常, 十分"。
It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。
I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了这件事，太难了。
"The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..." 表示 " 越... 就越..."。
The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。
The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。
The more, the better. 越多越好。
" 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。
It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了.
It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。
The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。
The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。
主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。
This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。
This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。
I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。
the + 形容词 表示某种人。
He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。
I like to have a talk with the young. 我喜欢同年轻人谈话。
The rich sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。
The police led the old man across the street. 警察领老人横过马路。
以-ly结尾的形容词
1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，brotherly，仍为形容词。
改错：(错） She sang lovely. （错） He spoke to me very friendly.
（对） Her singing was lovely. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2）有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词，也为副词。
daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early
The Times is a daily paper.
The Times is published daily.
too+adj.+to句型 “太…而不能”
He is too young to go to school.
=He isn’t old enough to go to school.
=He is so young that he can’t go to school.
形容词的位置:
1.形容词一般放在名词前作定语
单个形容词修饰名词时，一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。例如：
a red flower一朵红花
an interesting story一个有趣的故事
six blind men 六个盲人
my own house我自己的房子
如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定，越密切的形容词越靠近名词。
如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面，音节多的形容词放在后面。
2.当形容词所修饰的词是由some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时，形容词必须置于名词之后。例如：
She has something new to tell me.她有一些新的情况告诉我。
I have nothing important to do today.今天我没有重要的工作要做。
Do you know anybody else here?这儿你还有认识的人吗？
3.形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时，形容词必须置于名词之后。例如：
It is a problem difficult to work out.这是一道难以解决的问题。
Edison is a student difficult to teach.爱迪生是个很难教的学生。
This is a kind of flowers easy to grow.这是一种易栽的花。
4.用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。例如：
All people,young or old,should be strict with themselves.
所有的人，无论老少，都应该严格要求自己。
We are building a new school, modern and super.
我们正在建一所现代化的高档次的新型学校。
All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的国家，无论穷富都应该互相帮助。
5.有少数形容词，如enough和possible，既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：
Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare?你有足够的时间做准备吗？
Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或许它将成为一次可能的机遇。
6.有些形容词，置于名词之前与之后，含义不尽相同。例如：
the writer present 出席的作者
the present writer 现在的作者
7.表示长，宽，高，深，及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。
This river is about 100 metres wide.
The building is more than 50 metres tall.
He is less than 40 years old.
8. enough修饰名词时，在名词前后都可以。
They said that they had enough food.= They said that they had food enough.
enough 修饰形容词和副词，位于其后。
He is old enough to join the army.
He isn’t old enough to go to school.
9.形容词else通常放在疑问代词，疑问副词或不定代词后
what/who/where/when/when else
something/anything/nothing…else
What else did you do?
Do you have anything else to say?
10.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。
This is the book easy to read.
这是一本容易读的书。
定语从句的分类：
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去;
非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
1．由that引导的定语从句
一般情况下that可指人或物，可以代替who，whom和which，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能作介词的宾语。如：
The comrade that（who）is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker．
正在会上讲话的那个同志是个先进工人。
Is this the doctor that（whom）you talked about yesterday？
这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗？
The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father．
昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。
2．由who，whom和whose引导的定语从句
who在从句中作主语，whom在从句中作宾语，whose在从句中作定语。如：
This is the thief who stole my bike．这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。
He is the boy whom you wanted to find．他就是你想要找的那个男孩。
The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside．妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。
3．由which引导的定语从句
which指物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。如：
The book which Mum bought me last week is called“Red Star Over China”．
妈妈上周买给我的那本书名叫《西行漫记》。
The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum．
鲁迅曾经住过的那所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆。
4．由where，when和why引导的定语从句
where在从句中作地点状语，when在从句中作时间状语，why在从句中作原因状语。如：
I will never forget the day when I joined the League．我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。
He will go back to the school where he studied next week．下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校。
I don't know the reason why he quarreled with Zhang Lin．我不知道他同张琳吵架的原因。
［注意点］
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词常省去。如：
The play（which）I watched just now had been on twice on Channel
我刚才看的那个戏剧在3频道上已上演了两次。
|
关系词 |
词形 |
所修饰的先行词 |
在从句中所作的成分 |
|
关系代词 |
who |
人 |
主语、宾语、表语 |
|
whom |
人 |
宾语 | |
|
which |
物 |
主语、宾语、表语 | |
|
that |
人或物 |
主语、宾语、表语 | |
|
as |
人或物 |
主语、宾语、表语 | |
|
whose=of whom/of=which |
人或物 |
定语 | |
|
关系副词 |
when |
时间词 |
时间状语 |
|
where |
地点词 |
地点状语 | |
|
why |
原因词 |
原因状语 |
关系代词的用法 ：
1. 关系代词的句法功能
(1)关系代词在句中作主语
例如：I prefer music that/which has great lyrics
(2) 关系代词在句中作宾语
例如：I like music that I can sing along with.
(3)关系代词在句中作表语
例如：The house is not the one (that) it used to be.
2. 关系代词在从句中作名词的定语
例如：Is she the teacher whose hair is very short?
3. 关系代词的用法
(1)who和whom的用法：二者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，
whom 在定语从句中作宾语。Whom在从句中能坐介词的宾语，而who则不能。
例如：
I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party
in the shopping center yesterday.
(2)whose的用法：一般指人，有时也指物。在定语从句中作定语。
例如：I have got a friend whose brother is training for the Olymoics.
(3)which的用法：一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、偶尔作定语。
例如：The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min.
(4)that的用法：指人或物，指人时可与who、whom互换，指物时可与that互换。
在从句中可作主语、宾语，还可作表语。
例如：It is a book (that/which) no one really likes.
4. 宜用who不宜用that的情况
(1)先行词是指人的不定代词时
例如：Congratulations to our winners and thanks to everyone who entered the competitions.
(2) 先行词指人时且含有较长的后置定语
例如：The boy was crying hard who lost his way while looking for his mother.
5. 在以下情况中，关系代词常用that
(1)先行词为all, little, few, none 及some-, any-, no-与thing所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。
例如：There is nothing that will stop us making progress.
(2)先行词前有only, some, any等形容词修饰时，只能用that。
例如：This is the only problem that we can’t work out.
(3)先行词前由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。
例如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
(4)先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用他和她，
例如：Lu Xun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great.
6. 只能用which不能用that的情形
(1)当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用which
例如：The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing.
(2)关系代词前面有介词时，只能用which
例如：The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down.
(3)先行词本身就是that时
例如：I don’t like that which he did.
关系副词的用法
1. when的用法：它的先行词通常是time, day, morning等。有时也可和一些介词一起引导定语从句。
例如：Do you remember the time when she went abroad?
2. where的用法：它的先行词通常有place, spot, room等。
例如：I like places where the weather is always warm.
3. why的用法：它的先行词只有reason。Why时常也可以省略。
例如：Tell me the reason why she was late.
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