过去进行时的概念：

过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。其形式为was /were + V-ing。
常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last night, last Saturday等；或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。

过去进行时的基本用法：　　

1、主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作：
如：He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。　　
        We were expecting you yesterday. 我们昨天一直在等你。　　
        He was playing while I was studying. 我在做功课时他在玩。　　
2、过去进行时表示现在：　　
用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。
如：I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。　　
       We were hoping you would stay with us. 我们很希望你能跟我们住在一起。　　    
        How much did you want to spend, sir? 先生，您打算花多少钱？　　
【注】一般过去时也有类似用法，但比较而言，用过去进行时显得更客气，更不肯定。　　
3、过去进行时表示感情色彩：　　
      与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩，也通常与always, forever, continually等副词连用。
如：They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。　　
        The boy was continually asking questions. 这个男孩子老是问东问西的。　　
4、动词be的过去进行时：　　
      动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。
如：He was friendly. 他很友好。(指过去长期如此) 　　
        He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现)

过去进行时与一般过去时的区别：

（1）过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。
如：He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完)
        He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完)
（2）表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词（如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice）可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。
如：I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。
（3）一般过去时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”；
而过去进行时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情的色彩。
如： He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。
          He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。
（4）有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；
而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。
如：I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。
        I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。

注：下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时：
1、表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。
如：Tom was getting up at six o'clock every day that week. 汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。
2、与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。
如：John was always coming to school late. 约翰上学总是迟到。
        LeiFeng was always doing good deeds for the people. 雷锋总是为人民做好事。
3、用来描写故事发生的情景时。
如：It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river.
       那是一个漆黑的夜晚，风刮得很厉害，雨下得很大，一个解放军战士突然出现在河岸上，他想过河去。
4、when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。
如：I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。
       We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。
5、go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。
如：I was leaving for Wuhan that day. 那天我正要去武汉。
       She was coming later. 她随后就来。

过去完成时的被动语态的概念：

过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的叠合。表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。由“had+been+过去分词”构成。

过去完成时态的被动语态的构成：

1）过去完成时的被动语态的肯定式为：had + been + done。
如：The task had been finished before 12:00 yesterday.
2）过去完成时的被动语态的否定式为：have / has + not + been + done。
如：The task hadn't been finished before 12:00 yesterday.
3）过去完成时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将had提到主语的前面。
如：Had the task been finished before 12:00 yesterday?
4）过去完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词 + had+ been + done。
如：What time had the task been finished yesterday?

过去完成时被动语态的用法：

过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成，表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作或状态，句中常用by，before，until，when等词引导时间状语。
如：We had built five new buildings by the end of last year. 过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式：
（1）肯定结构：主语＋had been done＋其他成分
（2）否定结构：主语＋had not been done＋其他成分
（3）疑问句结构：had＋主语＋been done＋其他成分；
          疑问词＋had＋主语＋been done＋其他成分
过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况：
（1）表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by, before等引导的时间状语连用。
如：By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished.
        The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came.
        How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended? 
        Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting?
（2）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。
如：The said the production costs had been reduced.
        The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.
        The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.
（3）根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。
如：As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet.
        He did what he had been told to.
另：当从句由after，before，when或assoonas引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。
如：When he arrived, he called her.
        They locked the door before they left.

过去完成时与现在完成时被动语态用法区别： 　　

现在完成时被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作，过去完成时被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。 　　
例如：This polluted river has been cleaned. 这条被污染了的河流已被净化。 　　
析：该句表示到现在为止这条河流已被净化。 　　
例如：He said this book had been translated into Japanese. 他说这本书已被译成日语。 　　
析：该句表示到他说话时所体现的时间为止这本书已被译成日语。