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初中二年级英语

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  • 单选题
    My biggest problem is ______ I'm too busy.

    [     ]


    A. when
    B. where
    C. that
    D. /
    本题信息:2008年山东省期末题英语单选题难度较难 来源:张雪
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本试题 “My biggest problem is ______ I'm too busy.[ ]A. whenB. whereC. thatD. /” 主要考查您对

从属连词

表语从句

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 从属连词
  • 表语从句
从属连词:
这种连词是用以引导名词性从句定语从句和状语从句的,由从属连词所引导的句子叫从句,而含有从句的句子叫作复合句。

从属连词可分为三大类:
1、that (无词义,不做成分)
if,whether (表达是否的意义,但不做句子成分)
2、连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever, whoever, whichever(有词义,在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语)
3、连接副词:when,where,why,how,how many,how long,how far,however,whenever,wherever (有词义,作从句的状语)

用法:
从结构上说,英语连接词分两大类:并列连词和从属连词。

并列连词连接两个或两个以上地位平等的字、词组或分句。例如:
(1) Air and water are indispensable to me.   
(2) She likes going out with friends or playing outdoor games.   
(3) Most workers have a good income, so they look very happy.   

从属连词连接两个或两个以上的分句,形成复杂句中的从属分句。例如:   
(4) He said that he did not want to go .   
(5) Many things have happened since I last saw him.   
(6) You may come if you want to.   

从属连词用来连接各种从句。
until(till)直到,在用until表达时间状语的句子中,主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择的。
如动词是持续行动词,它要用肯定句,如:
I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night.
如果动词是瞬间截止性动词,则要用否定句,如:
He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.
由since,for,by,before, 来引导的时间状语从句。
since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间,如:
I have studied English since 1990.
而by引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间,如:
I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term.


从属连词语法分类:
种类 语法作用 连词举例 
从属连词 引导原因状语从句 Because, since
引导条件状语从句 If, unless, as long as
引导目的状语从句 So that
引导结果状语从句 So…that
引导方式状语从句 As, just as, as if
引导让步状语从句 Though, although, even
though, no matter what,
however, no matter how,
whoever, no matter who,
wherever, no matter where
引导比较状语从句 As…as, not so…as, than,
less…than, the more…the
more
引导名词性从句 Who, whom, whose, which,
that, when, where, why

表语从句:
就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。
表语从句是名词性从句的一种。
表语从句的基本结构是:
“主语+连系动词+关联词+表语从句”。
连接表语从句的连接词有:
that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever,whomever,whichever ,whatever等。
例如:The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 
            His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
①语序:
从句的语序必须是陈述句语序,即“主语+谓语”这种形式。
②时态:
当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,从句可以是任何时态,而当主句是一般过去时的时候,从句,从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态,即(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时)。
③连接词:
当从句意思完整,主句意思肯定时,连接词用that,且可以省去,当从句意思完整,主句意思不确定或含否定含意时,常用if或whether(是否),当从句意思不完整时,连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。
表语从句种类:
根据关联词来区分,表语从句可以分为六种:
一、由that引导的表语从句
The trouble is that he misunderstood me.麻烦的是他误解了我。
有时,引导表语从句的连词that可以省略
The truth is (that) I didn’t finish my term essay. 事实是我没有写完学期论文。

二、由连接代(副)词引导的表语从句
连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever;
连接副词where, when, how, why。
That was what she said this morning in her bedroom.那就是她今天早晨在卧室中说的。

三、由关系代词型的what引导的从句
I want to be a teacher. That’s what I want to be.
我想当老师,那是我的志愿。

四、关联词是连词because
比较下面这两个句子:
I was angry. That was because he didn’t understand me.
我生气是因为他不理解我。(表语从句强调原因)
That’s why he got fired from that firm.那正是他被公司解雇的原因。(表语从句强调结果)
注意:reason作主语或主语中包含事件的起因时,后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that来引导,而不用because
That is why ...是常用句型,其中why引导的从句在句中作表语,该句型通常用于针对前面已经说过的原因进行总结。
1. That is the reason why ...That is the reason why ...与That is why ...是同义的,
但是从语法结构上讲,That is the reason why ...中的why引导的是一个定语从句,将其中的the reason去掉后则与That is why ...结构一样了
2. That is because ...That is because ...也是一个常用句型。
That is because ...句型中,连词because引导的从句作表语,
That is because ...与That is why ...之间的不同在于That is because ...指原因或理由,
That is why ...则指由于各种原因造成的结果
He did not read Harry Potter last night. That is because he had to help his mother to do the housework.
昨天晚上他没有读《哈里波特》,那是因为他得帮助他妈妈做家务。

五、关联词是从属连词whether, as, as if
The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.
问题是我们能否赢得大多数民众的支持。

六. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句,谓语动词需用“should+动词原形” 表示,should可省略。
常见的词有:advice,suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea等。
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

表语从句中需要注意的地方:
1. 表语从句一定要用陈述语序;
2. 不可以用if,而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外);
3. 与宾语从句不同,在有表语从句的复合句中,主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
4. 连接词that一般不能省略,但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时,that可以省略。如:
What I want to do is (that) I can go up to him and thank him. 我想做的事是走到身边去感谢他。
5. 当句子的主语是:advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish等名词时,
表语从句须用虚拟语气,即:should +do。如:
My advice is that you should go to apologize to him. 我的建议是你应该去向他道歉。


表语从句语法提示:
应注意的问题:
1. 连系动词be,appear,seem,look等之后可以跟表语从句。
It was because he didn't pass the exam.那是因为他没有通过考试。

2. 引导表语从句的引导词有以下几类。
1)wh-疑问词
My question is who left.我想问的是谁离开了。
2)whether
My question is whether he left(or not)。 我的问题是他是否离开了。
注:if不能引导表语从句。
3)that
The fact is that he left. 事实是他离开了。
注:引导表语从句的连词that间或可以省略。
The truth is(that)I didn't go there. 事实是我没去那儿。
4)because,as,as if,as though
It's just because he doesn't know her. 这是仅仅因为他不认识她。

3.表语从句要用陈述语序
That is where the famous scientist was born.

4.that和what在引导表语从句时,作用和意义都不相同。
That本身没有词义,在句中只起连接作用,不充当句子成分;what则表示“所……的(人或事)”,在表语从句中充当主语或宾语等。
That fact is that more than seventy percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water.

5.If 与whether均意为“是否”,但引导表语从句时,只能用whether, 不能用if。
The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.

6.As, if, though引导的表语从句时,从句谓语多用虚拟语气。
这是因为从句中的情况与事实不相符。具体来说,如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去式;
如果从句表示与过去事实相反时,谓语动词要用“had +过去分词”,如果从句表示将来的可能性不大,用would (might ,could )+动词原形,如:
Li Lei is now in a new jacket he looks as if he were an American boy.
但是,如果as if ,as though 引导的表语从句所表示的与事实相符,从句则用陈述语气,如:
The clouds are gathering. It looks as if is going to rain.