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    Oscar-winning actress Joan Fontaine, who rose to fame during Hollywood's golden age as the star of several Alfred Hitch．cock classics, died from natural causes at her home in Carmel, northern California on December 16, 2013 aged 96, US media reports said．
    Born in Japan to British parents, Fontaine moved in 1919 to California, where she and her elder sister －screen idol Olivia de Havilland－were to shape successful movie careers．Fontaine and de Havilland remain the only sisters to have won lead actress honours at the Academy Awards．Yet the two sisters also had an uneasy relationship, with Fontaine recording a bitter competition in her own account "No Bed of Roses "．
    Fontaine began her acting career in her late teens with Largely less important roles on the stage and later in mostly B-movies in the 1930s． It was not before famous British film director Hitchcock spotted her a decade later that her career took off．
    Greatly surprised by her expressive looks, the suspense (悬念） master cast Fontaine in his first US film, a 1940 adaptation of the Daphne du Maurier novel "Rebecca"． She received an Academy Award nomination（提名） for her performance as a troubled wife． A year later, Fontaine finally won the long-sought golden figure, for her role as leading lady in "Suspicion" opposite Cary Grant, becoming the first and only actress to earn the title for a Hitchock film．
    Although her sister, Olivia de Havilland, preceded her in gaining Hollywood fame, Fontaine was the first of the sisters to win an Oscar, beating Olivia's nomination as best actress in Mitchell Leisen's "Hold Back the Dawn"．
    The dislike ,between the sisters was felt at the Oscars ceremony．"I froze． I stared across the table, where Olivia was sitting．'Get up there!' she whispered commandingly," Fontaine said．"All the dislike we'd felt toward each other as children…all came rushing back in quickly changing pictures…I felt Olivia would spring across the table and seize me by the hair．"
    Olivia did not win her first Oscar until 1946, for her role as the lover of a World War I pilot in Leisen's " To Each His Own"． Fontaine later made it known that her． sister had slighted her as she attempted to offer congratulations．“She took one look at me, ignored my hand, seized her Oscar and wheeled away,” she said．
    The sisters were also reportedly competitors in love． Howard Hughes, a strange businessman who dated the elder de Havilland for a time, offered marriage to Fontaine several times．"I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did, and if I die first, she'll undoubtedly be extremely angry because I beat her to it!" Fontaine once joked．
    As her film career fruited in the 1950s, Fontaine turned to television and dinner theatre, and also appeared in several Broadway productions, including  the Lion in Winter"． Anything but the ordinary lady, Fontaine was also a licensed pilot, a champion balloonist, an accomplished golfer, a licensed .decoration designer and a first-class cook．
    小题1:When she moved to California, Joan Fontaine was      years old．
    A．twoB．twelveC．twentyD．twenty -two
    小题2:Fontaine did not become successful or popular until the _      ．
    A．1930sB．1940sC．1950sD．1960s
    小题3:Fontaine won her Oscar for her role in the film of “         ”．
    A．Rebecca 'B．Suspicion
    C．To Each His OwnD．Hold Back the Dawn
    小题4:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
    A．Olivia preceded Fontaine in getting married．
    B．Olivia gamed Hollywood fame after Fontaine．
    C．Fontaine won an Oscar before her sister Olivia,
    D．Fontaine wanted to meet her death before Olivia．
    小题5:The dislike between Fontaine and Olivia began when they       ．
    A．competed for an Oscar B．competed for a husband
    C．were small childrenD．were successful actresses
    小题6:As can- be seen from the passage, Fontaine was a person who was       ．
    A．disliked by her familyB．always a troubled wife
    C．able to do few jobs
    本题信息：英语阅读理解难度一般 来源:未知
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    人物传记类阅读

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    • 人物传记类阅读
    • 故事类阅读

    人物传记类文章的文体特征：

    人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。


    人物传记类文章的阅读策略和解题技巧：

    1、把握文体特征，注意写作手法如前文所述，人物传记是记叙文体的一种，因此在阅读时要把握好时间、地点、人物和事件这四大要素。
    其次，还应该注意人物传记类文章的结构多按时间顺序排列，一般采用倒叙的写作手法，有时也采用插叙和补叙等手段。弄清楚人物传记类文章的特征和写作手法，能帮助考生在阅读和回答问题时做到高效省时、准确无误。

    2、抓住题干关键词，采用寻读的方法查找细节描述事实细节题是人物传记类文章的主要题型，一般常见以下几种类型：
    (1)对号入座题：
    这种题的答案一般在原文中可以直接找到，只要读懂文章，掌握文章中的事实，如时间、地点、事件等细节问题，就能选对正确答案。
    (2)词义转换题：
    这种题常常是原文有关词语和句子的转换，而不能在原文中直接找到。它要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。
    (3)是非题：
    该题型俗称“三缺一”题型，即题目四个选项中有三个符合文章内容，剩下一个不符合。题干多为：Which of the following isTRUE?或者三个不符合文章内容，剩下一个符合，题干多为：Which of the following…isNOTtrue?或All the following are true EXCEPT
    (4)排序题：
    这种题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。
    (5)指代理解题：
    一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。可采用“逻辑关系梳理法”，使人物或事件关系清晰条理。不管题型如何，在做事实细节题时，可采用比较实用的方法一有目的的阅读。在阅读时，首先看题目要求我们理解什么细节，找出关键词，然后以此为线索，运用寻读的技巧迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语。认真比较选项和文中细节的区别，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。这样一来，既提高了阅读的速度，又能确保答案的准确率。同时，建议阅读文章时把与答案相符的句子或短语用红线标示出来，标号注上是哪一题答案的相关句子，这样在检查时就不必重新阅读整篇文章了。
    3、抽丝剥茧，推理判断深层含义推理判断题主要提问那些未曾在文中说明，但已特别暗示的内容，考查考生对文章的准确理解和判断。人物传记类文章常见的推理判断题型为：
    (1)细节推断题：
    要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
    (2)因果推断题：
    要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。
    (3)人物性格、作者态度及观点判断题：
    人物传记类文章中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物的语气、言语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上做出一定推论和判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。解答此类题时，要注意：
    (1)吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。
    (2)对文字的表面信息进俐宅掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深。从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等进行符合逻辑的推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。
    (3)基于文章内容，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
    (4)把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。
    (5)注意文中所用词句的感情色彩，是讽刺性的，批评性的，赞成性的，还是反对性的，以便推测作者的观点和态度。


    故事类阅读概念：

    这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件的之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。


    故事类阅读应试技巧：

    1、抓住文章的6个要素：
    阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后顺序。因此，无论是顺叙还是倒叙，阅读此类文章时，必须要找到它结构中的5个W（when, where, who, why, what）和1个H（how），不过不是每篇都会完整地交待六个要素。毫无疑问，寻出这些元素是能够正确快速解题的一个先决条件。
    2、注意作者的议论和抒情：
    高考英语阅读理解故事类文章常伴随着作者思想情感的流露和表达，因此议论和抒情往往夹杂其中。行文时或按事情发生发展的先后时间进行或按事情发生发展的地点来转换，也可能按事情发展的阶段来布局。在引出话题，讲完一件事情后，作者往往会表达个人感悟或提出建议等。这些体现作者观点或思想的语句在阅读时可以划线，它们往往体现文章中心或者写作意图，属于必考点，所以要仔细体会。
    3、结合前两点归纳文章中心，把握作者态度：
    故事类文章是通过记叙一件事来表达中心思想的，它是文章的灵魂。归纳文章中心思想时，尤其要分析文章的结尾，因为很多文章卒章显志，用简短的议论、抒情揭示文章中心；文章中议论抒情的句子往往与中心密切相关；也有的文章需要在结合概括各段大意的基础上归纳中心。另外，叙述一件事必有其目的，或阐明某一观点，或赞美某种品德，或抨击某种陋习，这就要求我们在阅读时，通过对细节（第1点中的六要素）的理解，把握作者的态度。
    4、有章有据进行解题判断：
    分析文章，归纳主题，属于分析、概括、综合的表述能力的考查。切忌脱离文章，架空分析，一定让分析在文章中有依据。


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