本试题 “_____ teaching disabled children for years, he _____ a lot of experience in this field.[ ]A. Having devoted himself to; accumulatedB. Having devote...” 主要考查您对动词
现在分词的完成式
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
动词的定义:
表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类,有些动词是兼类词。
例如:We have lunch at 12. (have是行为动词)
We have been to NewYork. (have是助动词)
I am hungry. (am是系动词)
You need not have waited for me. (need是情态动词)
The door needs painting. (need是兼类词)
动词的分类:
1)表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。
2)根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:
实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。
说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词。
例如:We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。)
He has gone to NewYork.他已去纽约。(has是助动词。)
3)动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:
及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.。
说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。
例如:She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。)
She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。)
4)根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:
限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)。
例如:She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。)
She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。
说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。
5)根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:
单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase)
例如:The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。)
Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。(look up是短语动词。)
The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。(takecareof是动词短语。)
6)动词有五种形态,分别是:
原形(OriginalForm)、第三人称单数形式(Singular From in Third Personal)、过去式(Past Form)、过去分词(Past Participle)、现在分词(Present Participle)。
动词知识体系:
现在分词完成式的概念:
从动作关系上看,现在分词的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作;从用法上看,现在分词完成式主要用作状语,表示时间或原因等。
现在分词完成式的基本用法:
1、表示时间:
如:Having noted down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed us. 那警察把我们的姓名和地址记下之后就让我们走了。
Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. 在找好旅馆之后,我们就去找吃饭的地方。
Having bought our tickets, we went into the theatre. 我们买好票后就走进剧场。
Having packed up her things, she went to book her ticket. 她收拾好行李之后就去买车票。
注:这样用的现在分词通常可以转换成时间状语从句。
如:Having finished her work, she went home. =After she had finished her work, she went home. 她干完工作就回家了。
2、表示原因:
如:Having been there once, she knew the place quite well. 由于去过那儿一次,她对那地方很熟悉。
Having invited him here to speak, we'd better go to his lecture. 我们邀请他来这儿讲演,所以我们最好去听讲。
注:这样用的现在分词通常可以转换成原因状语从句。
如:Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide. =As he had been there many times, he offered to be our guide. 他曾多次到过那里,主动提出当我们的向导。
现在分词的完成式用作状语时,通常位于主句之前,但有时也可置于主句之后,不过此时多见于表原因的场合。
如:I didn't feel terribly shocked, having expected all this. 这情况我早已料到,因此我并不感到过于震惊。
I was unable to accept your invitation. having promised to accompany my mother to the concert. 我因已答应陪我母亲赴音乐会而不能接受你的邀请。
现在分词完成式的否定式:
原则上应将not置于整个分词完成式之前。
如:Not having done it right, I tried again. 我由于没有做对,所以又试了试。
Not having finished his work, he could not leave the office. 由于工作没干完他不能离开办公室。
Not having received an answer, she decided to write him another letter. 由于没得到他的回信,她决定再给他写一封信。
现在分词完成式用于独立结构:
有时现在分词完成式可以用于独立结构。
如:The dark clouds having dispersed, the sun shone again. 乌云已散去,太阳又普照大地了。
The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible. 夜里河水上涨,渡河不可能了。
My turn having comeround, I was ushered into the examining room. 轮到我之后,我就被引入考场。
The last bus havingg one, we had to walk home. 最后一班公车已经走了,我们必须走路回家。
使用现在分词完成式的错点:
现在分词的完成式一般不用作定语,遇此情况可改用定语从句。
如:你知道有谁丢了一只猫吗?
误:Do you know anyone having lost a cat?
正:Do you know anyone who has lost a cat?
我想同打破窗户的人淡淡。
误:I want to talk to the person having broken the window
正:I want to talk to the person who has broken the window
注意:若将以上现在分词的完成式改为一般式也不可以,因为现在分词作后置定语时通常只表示与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生的动作,而不能先于谓语动作而发生。
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