本试题 “— What ______ we do if we had a million dollars?— That's only a dream.[ ]A.mustB.wouldC.willD.do” 主要考查您对情态动词
过去将来时
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
情态动词特点:
情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。
个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。
He could be here soon.他很快就来。
We can't carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you.对不起,我帮不上你。
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是:
基本助动词本身没有词义,而情态助动词则有自己的词义,能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法,或表示主观设想:
What have you been doing since? (构成完成进行体,本身无词义)
I am afraid I must be going. (一定要)
You may have read some account of the matter. (或许已经)
除此之外,情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征:
1) 除ought和used以外,其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话,那么,所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式:
We used to grow beautiful roses.我们过去常常种这种漂亮的玫瑰花
I asked if he would come and repair my television set.我问他是否来修我的电视机
2) 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一:
They need not have been punished so severely.
3) 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候,没有词形变化,即其词尾无-s形式:
She dare not say what she thinks.
4) 情态动词没有非限定形式,即没有不定式和分词形式,也没有相应的动名词:
Still,she needn't have run away.
5)情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合,情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间:
Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?
She told him he ought not to have done it.
6) 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的,即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词,但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用:
You should have washed the wound.
Well,you shouldn't be reading a novel.
7)情态动词must一般疑问句否定回答用needn't
Must I read books every day、
No,you needn't
常见情态动词用法:
1.can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。
2.Must 必须,应该,一定,准是,表示说话人认为有必要做某事,命令,要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。
must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。
must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。
must 和 have to 的区别:must 表示说话人的主观思想,have to 表示客观需要。
3.need 是一个情态动词,他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样,但 need 还可当作实义动词使用,这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。
needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。
4.dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。
5.ought 应当,应该。后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。
ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。
ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。
6.will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式,
will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。
7.Shall、should 表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议,惊奇。
8.have to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此,而must 则表示主观思想。
过去将来时表达法:
1. would+动词原形
例如:When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you.
2. was/were going to+动词原形
例如:He told ustaht he was going to attend the meeting.
3. was/were to+动词原形
例如:Li Lei was to arrive soon.
4. was/were about to+动词原形
例如:We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.
5. was/were+现在分词
例如:He was leaving the next day.
句型结构:
肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~.
否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~.
疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?
肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.
否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~.
疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~?
过去将来时的构成和一般将来时一样,只不过把助动词be变为过去式,把will,shall变为过去式。
例句:I didn''t know if he would come. =I didn''t know if he was going to come. 我不知道他是否会来。
过去将来时具体用法:
一、would+不定式
1.用“would+不定式”表示过去将来时间通常带有表示过去将来的时间状语,而且多见于从属分句。
He said he would come back the next day.
2.如果要表示在过去将来某一时间正在进行得动作,可用“would+不定式进行体”。
例如:He never imagined that some day he would be living away from his motherland.
这种“would+不定式进行体”结构也可能仅仅表示一般过去过去将来时间,如同“will/shall+不定式进行体”表示一般将来时间一样。、
例如:He told me that Mary would be coming the next day.
如果要表示在过去将来某时以前业已发生得事态,可用“would+不定式完成体”。
例如:The delegation would have arrived by four o'clock that afternoon.
如果要表示从过去某时开始一直延续到过去将来某时得动作或事态,可用“would+不定式完成进行体”。
例如: She said that by the end of May she would have been studying medicine for three years
二、was/were going to +不定式
用做表示过去将来,也通常带有表示过去将来时间得状语。
例如: He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.
用做表示的动作或事态,也可以是没有实现的意图。
例如:Last Sunday we were going to go for a picnic but it rained .
三、was/were to +不定式
用做表示过去将来,通常指按过去的计划安排将在某个过去将来时间发生得事态。
例如:They were not to get away with it if they continued to violate the law.
用作表示过去将来的安排,如果这个安排后来被取消了,没有实现,则用“was/were to +不定式完成体”表示,并可与表示现在、过去或将来得时间状语连用。 此外,其也可用作于表示以后不可避免得要发生得事件。
例如:They said goodbye,little knowing they were never to meet again.
四、was/were about to +不定式
用半助动词be about to 的过去时形式也可使其表示过去将来。这种结构通常指最近的过去将来事态,而且在一定语境中通常指未曾实现的意图:
例如:We were about to start when it began to rain .
五、某些动词的过去进行时可表示过去将来时
come,go,leave,arrive,start等严格按照时间表发生的表起止的动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。
例1:He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车第二天早晨出发。
例2:She told me she was coming to see me.她告诉我她要来看我。
六、特定场合的一般过去时可表示过去将来时
条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
例1:I didn't know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么时候来,但她来了我会告诉你。
析:第一个when引导宾语从句,可使用将来时,第二个when引导时间状语从句,只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
例2:I didn't know if she would come,but if she came I would let you know.我不知道她是否来,但如果她来我会告诉你。
析:第一个if引导宾语从句,可使用将来时,第二个if引导条件状语从句,只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
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