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高中三年级英语

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  • 单选题
    Was it in 1802 when he discovered his hearing problem _____ Beethoven realized that his
    future ______ in composing music?

    [     ]


    A. that; lay
    B. when; lay
    C. which; laid
    D. that; laid
    本题信息:2011年福建省期末题英语单选题难度一般 来源:姜雪
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本试题 “Was it in 1802 when he discovered his hearing problem _____ Beethoven realized that hisfuture ______ in composing music?[ ]A. that; layB. when; lay...” 主要考查您对

过去分词

强调句

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 过去分词
  • 强调句

过去分词的概念:

过去分词一般表示完成和被动的动作,只有一种形式。即:动词原形加-ed构成。
如:fallen leaves 落叶 
        boiled water 开水
        I heard the door closed. 我听见门被关上了。


过去分词与现在分词被动式的区别:

两者均可表示被动,其区别主要在于它们所表示的时间概念不同,但有时它们也可表示相同的意思。
如:Written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少。 
        Being written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少。 
        Having been written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少。
有时虽然所表示的时间概念相同,但有细微区别:
如:Having been show the lab, we left. 被领着看了实验室后,我们就离开了。


过去分词的句法功能:

1、作定语:
如:I don't like the book written by Martin.
       Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。 
注意:当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2、过去分词作表语:
如:They were very excited at the news. 听到这个消息,他们非常激动。
        The window is broken. 窗户破了。
        They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意:be+过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。
区别:The window is broken.(系表)
            The window was broken by the boy.(被动)
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。
如:boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶) newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳) the changed world(变了的世界)
这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3、过去分词作宾语补足语:
如:I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:
如:With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。
4、过去分词作状语:
如:Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.  受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)
        Onceseen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间)
        Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件) 
        Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.  虽然被告之危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步) 
        Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞。
5、过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格:
如:All books returned at the end of the term, the library assistant was satisfied. 所有的书期末时都还了,图书管理员很高兴。
        The field ploughed, he began to spread seed. 地耕好了,他开始撒种子。


现在分词与过去分词的区别:

1、分词作表语:
分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is in terestedi n...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting。这类词常见的有:
interesting 使人感到高兴—interested感到高兴的 
exciting令人激动的—excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的—delighted感到高兴的 
disappointing令人失望的—disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的—encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的—pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人费解的—puzzled感到费解的
satisfying令人满意的—satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊异的—surprised感到惊异的
worrying令人担心的—worried感到担心的
如:Travelling is interesting but tiring. 旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。
        The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much. 如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。 
        The game is exciting. (现在分词作表语)
        We were excited at the news. (过去分词作表语)

2、分词作定语:
分词作定语时有下面几个特点:
1)现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含意。
2)现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
如:He rushed into the burning house. 他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。
        The child standing over there is my brother. 站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。
        The room facing south is our classroom. 朝南的房间是我们的教室。
        He is an advanced teacher. 他是个先进教师。
3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义,这点要注意:
departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired,  returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come

3、分词作状语:
现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。
1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。
如:He went out shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。
        Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙。
        Smiling, they came in.
2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。
如:Cleaned, the room looks nice.
        Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.  如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。
        Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。


强调句的概念:

强调句 (The Emphatic Pattern) 是一种修辞,是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调,从而起到修辞的作用。英语常用的强调结构有:It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+that/who...;what…be…句型;


强调句的使用:

一、强调句句型:
1、用It is/was...that/who...句型表示强调。
(1)陈述句的强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其它部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
(2)一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只是把is/was提到it前面。
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
(3)特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分?
e.g. When and where was it that you were born?
注:被强调的部分(通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语)放在is/was的后面,如被强调的是人,则后面可用who,whom等代替。
如:原句:He met an old friend in the park yesterday.  
        强调主语:It was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday.
        强调宾语:It was an old friend that/who he met in the park yesterday. 
        强调地点状语:It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday. 
        强调时间状语:It was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park.
2、用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词。
如:Do come early. 
        He did send you a letter last week.
        We're pleased that she does intend to come.
3、用主语从句+be+被强调部分,主语从句常用what引导。
如:What John wants is a ball.
        What Mary does every day is(to) give piano lessons.  

二、not...until...句型的强调句:
1、句型为:It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其它部分:
e.g. 普通句:He didn't go to bed until/till his wife came back. 
       强调句:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
2、注意:此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是强调句型,till, until可通用;
因为句型中It is/was not...已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。

三、谓语动词的强调:
1、It is/was...that...结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do/does或did。
e.g. Do sit down.务必请坐。
      He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
      Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时,务必(千万)要小心啊!
2、注意:此种强调只用do/does和did,没有别的形式;过去时用did,后面的谓语动词用原形。 


使用强调句型有以下几点请注意:

①强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数。
如:It was yesterday that I met your father in the street.
②不管被强调部分是哪种状语,只能用that连接,不得使用where、when等连词。
如:It was in the street that I met your father yesterday.
③被强调部分为人时,可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that,用that也行。
如:It was your father that/whom/who I met in the street yesterday.
        It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday.
④强调句中也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。
如:It is they who are our friends.
        It was not until ten o'clock that we got home last night.
⑤注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。It is/was...that...为强调句标志,去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子,只是没被强调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。
比较:1)It was ten o'clock when we got home last night. 我们昨晚到家时已十点了。
            2)It was at ten o'clock that we got home last night. 我们昨晚是在十点到家的。
第一句不是强调句,when不可改为that,因为去掉it was和that后,只能组成“We got home ten o'clock last night.”这样一个不完整的句子;第二句是强调句,that不可改为when。


强调句型用法拓展:

1、句首词用“It”,不能用“This”,“That”等。
2、be动词的形式是is或was,不能用复数形式are或were。若原句的谓语动词用了现在时或将来时,则用is;
若原句的谓语动词用了过去时或过去完成时,则用was。
如:It___the Chinese women that___a great role in the socialist construction.
A. is; plays
B. are; play
C .is; play
D. are; plays
答案:C 
3、被强调的部分如果是代词,强调主语用主格,强调宾语用宾格。
如:It is him that/who/whom I met in the street yesterday.
        It is I who/that am wrong.
4、连接词一般用that,当强调部分是人时,既可用that也可用who。特别注意当强调部分是时间状语或地点状语时,不能用when或where。
如:It was on Oct1st, 1949 that People's Republic of China was founded.
        It was at the gate____he told me the news.  
        A. that
        B. what
        C. which
        D. when
答案:A
5、主谓一致问题被强调的主语要和that后面的谓语动词在数上保持一致。
如:It is Mary who often _____(help) me with my English. (helps)
        It is I that ____(be) against you. (am)
6、not...until结构的强调。
强调“not...until”引导的时间状语时,要用“it is/was not until...that...”结构,that后面的句子要用肯定式,且须用陈述句语序。 
如:We did not get off the bus until it stopped. ?
        It was not until it stopped that we got off the bus. (注意:强调该结构时not until不能分开)