____ you bring _____ to his attention that now students are bearing to,高中一年级,英语试题,助动词考点,it的用法考点,好技网

单选题
____ you bring _____ to his attention that now students are bearing too heavy a leaming load(负担) ?
[ ]

A. Why not; that
B. Why not; this
C. Why don't; it
D. Why don't; what

本题信息：2012年同步题英语单选题难度一般来源:姜雪
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本试题 “____ you bring _____ to his attention that now students are bearing too heavy a leaming load(负担) ?[ ]A. Why not; thatB. Why not; thisC. Why don't...” 主要考查您对
助动词

it的用法
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助动词
it的用法

助动词的概念：

助动词是帮助主要动词构成各种时态，语态，语气以及否定或疑问结构的动词。助动词分为时态助动词和结构助动词两种。

助动词的用法：

1、助动词be的用法：
1）be+现在分词，构成进行时态。
例如：They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。
            English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。
2）be+过去分词，构成被动语态。
例如：The window was broken by Tom. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。
            English is taught through out the world. 世界各地都教英语。
3）be+动词不定式，可表示下列内容：　
a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。
例如：He is to go to NewYork next week. 他下周要去纽约。　　
            We are to teach the freshmen. 我们要教新生。　　
说明：这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。　
b. 表示命令。
例如：You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。　　
            He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。　
c. 征求意见。
例如：How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他？　　
            Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢？　
d. 表示相约、商定。
例如：We are to meet at the schoolgate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。

2、助动词have的用法：
1）have+过去分词，构成完成时态。
例如：He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。　　
            By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。　　
2）have+been+现在分词，构成完成进行时。
例如：I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。　
3）have+been+过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。
例如：English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。

3、助动词do的用法：
1）构成一般疑问句。
例如：Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗？　
            Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗？
2）do+not构成否定句。
例如：I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。　
            He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。　
            In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。
3）构成否定祈使句。
例如：Don't go there. 不要去那里。　
            Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。
说明：构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。
4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。
例如：Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。　
            I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。　
            I do miss you. 我确实想你。
5）用于倒装句。
例如：Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。　
            Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 进了大学以后，我们才认识到英语的重要性。
说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。
6）用作代动词。
例如：—Do you like Beijing?　你喜欢北京吗？　
            —Yes, I do.　是的，喜欢。（do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.）　
            He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he? 他知道如何开车，对吧？

4、助动词shall和will的用法：　
shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。
例如：I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。　　　
            He will go to Shang hai. 他要去上海。
说明：在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词。
试比较：He shall come.　他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。）　
                He will come.　他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）

5、助动词should，would的用法：
1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称。
例如：I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。　
比较："What shall I do next week?" I asked. “我下周干什么？”我问道。　
可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。
2）would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称。
例如：He said he would come. 他说他要来。
比较："I will go," he said. 他说：“我要去那儿。”变成间接引语，就成了He said he would come。原来的will变成would，go变成了come。

助动词知识体系：

常见的助动词用法解析：

it的概念：

it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。

it 的用法：

1、it可指天气、温度、时间、距离等。
如：It is cold today, isn't it?
2、用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。
如：The dog is not acold-blooded animals. It doesn't need to hibernate.
3、为避免重复，it可用来代替前面说过的短语或句子。
如：I tried to persuade my father to give up smoking, but found it impossible. (it=to persuade my father to give up smoking)
4、代替指示代词this，that。
如：—What's this?
        —It's an album.
        —Whose new bike is that?
        —It's Mary's.
注：it与one，that的区别：
        it=the（this, that）+名词，特指并且代替前面所提到的某特定事物。
如：He's bought a new car, so he drives it everywhere to show ito ff.
        one=a+名词，one指前面提到的同类事物中的不同的另一个。
如：He needs a computer, but he can't afford one.
        that=the+名词，that指代的名词与前面的名词属于同一类，但不属同一个。
如：The population of China is larger than that of Japan. that指代population，但其后有一个of短语作定语，以区别于the population of China。
注：it与that的异同：
        it指同一事物，that指同类但并不是同一事物。
如：I like the climate of Kunming more than that of Beijing.
       The climate of Kunming is mild, and I like it.
5、It/This/That+be+the first(second, third...) time+that-clause 这个句型表示截止到说话时为止的某人的一种经历，关键是注意time前有序数词，主句是一般现在时is时，从句要用现在完成时；如果主句用一般过去时was时，则从句须相应地用过去完成时。
如：This is the first time(that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.
        It was the fifth time(that) I had paid a friendly visit to America.
6、在一些相对固定的词组中，没有特殊含义，经常不翻译。
如：He's never really made it as an actor. 作为演员，他从未获得过真正的成功。
        It is my turn. 轮到我了。

强调句中的it：

可以用来改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调：
1）强调句的基本句型it's/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他成分
原句：I told Jim the news in our office yesterday.
强调主语：It was I that/who told Jim the news in our office yesterday.
强调宾语：It was Jim that I told the news in our office yesterday.
或：It was the news that I told Jim in our office yesterday.
强调地点状语：It was in our office that I told Jim the news yesterday.
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I told Jim the news in our office.
2）强调句的一般疑问句型Is/Was+it+所强调部分+that/who...?
如：Was it you that told Jim the news in your office yesterday?
3）强调句的特殊疑问句型疑问词+is/was+it+that/who...?
如：Who was it that told Jim the news in your office yesterday?
【注】强调句与主语从句虽然在形式上很相似，即都含有it is(was)...that。但，区别在于：强调句去掉it is(was)…that之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能这样。
如：(It is)our hope(that) the two sides will work towards peace.
解析：去掉It is…that之后，句子是不成立的。由此得出该句不是强调句，而是一个简单的主语从句，it是形式主语，从句是真正的主语。

“it”的用法：

1、it 作形式主语：
it 在句中可作形式主语，而真正作主语的主语从句需要放在句子的末尾。主语从句后置常用以下几种结构：
1）It is/was+adj.+subject-clause可用于此句型的形容词有：
clear, certain, funny, good, impossible, likely, natural, obvious, possible, probable, strange, surprising, true, unusual, wonderful等。
如：It is obvious that going for sports will do a lot of good to your health.
2）It+be+adj./n.(forsb./ofsb.)+todosth. 该句型中的形容词通常表示事物的特点或特征的，如：
difficult, hard, easy, impossible, necessary, important等，此时用for；或表示人的性格特征或特点的，如:
nice, good, bad, kind, silly, foolish, wise, clever, careless, rude, brave, cruel, careful, grateful等，这时要用of 。
3）It is/was+名词词组+subject-clause可用于该结构的名词词组有：
a pity/duty, a good thing, no surprise, good news, an honor, a fact, a mystery, a shame, manners等。
如：It's a pity that I didn't attend the party.
4）It is/was+V-ed+subject-clause可用于该结构的动词的过去分词有：
said, reported, thought, supposed, believed, hoped, expected, known, decided, announced, arranged等。
如：It is said that something had been done to end the pollution.
注：本句还可改写为：Something is said to have been done to end the pollution.
5）It+vi.+subject-clause可用于该结构的动词有：appear, seem, happen, occur等。
如：It appeared to scientists that the stars had moved.
6）It doesn't matter(makes no difference,etc.) +连接代词或连接副词引起的从句作宾语。
如：It doesn't matter whether he'll join the army or not.
        It makes no difference where we have the conference.
7）一些固定句型：
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
如：It will take you two days to get there on foot.
It costs sb. some money to do sth.
如：It costs 1,000 dollars to fly to America.
It is/was no use(useless) doing（做什么是没有用处的）
如：It's no use arguing with him.
It is/was no good doing（做什么是没有好处的）
8）以下句型结构中需要用虚拟语气
① It is/was important(necessary, strange) that...;
     It is/was ordered(required, suggested, proposed) that...;
     It is/was a pity(a shame) that...表示遗憾等感情的句子中，主语从句要用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
如：It's necessary that he(should) be operated on at once.
② It is (high)time that...结构中用should+动词原形（should不能省略）或动词过去式。
如：It is high time that you should make(made) full use of your time to go over your lessons.

2、it作形式宾语：
1）动词consider（feel, find, think等）+it+形容词（名词）+不定式（动词-ing形式，从句）。
如：She thinks it no use telling me.
2）主语+appreciate（enjoy，like，love，hate）+it+if（when）...结构
如：We would appreciate it if you could come to help us.
3）dependon, relyon, see to（负责/设法做到）, takeforgranted（习以为常）等短语后跟that从句时，要以it作形式宾语。
如：We're depending on it that he will finish the job by Friday.

“it ”引起的几个易混淆的时间句型：

1）It be+时间+since-clause 这个句型表示从since从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为“自从…以来已多久了”，主句多用一般现在时，从句用一般过去时，如果表示过去的情况，主句一般用过去时，从句用过去完成时，或主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
注：since引导时间状语从句时，从句若使用终止性动词，则表示该时间是主句时间段的终点（时间从现在算起）；若从句使用延续性动词，则表示该动作状态的结束（时间从过去算起）。
如：It's five years since they got married. 他们结婚已经5年了。
        It's five years since they were married. 他们离婚已经5年了。
        It's ten years since his father was a worker. 他父亲不当工人已经10年了。
        I haven't seen him since we were boys together. 我们长大以后再没有见过面。
2）It be+时间+before-clause 这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语（如：long years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes），主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为“过多长时间才…”。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为“没过多长时间就…”。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时willbe；用was时，before从句的动词用一般过去时；用willbe时，before从句常用一般现在时。如：It was not long before she learned those poems by heart. 她没过多久就背会了那些诗。
        It was long before the police arrived. 过了很久警察才来。
        It will be hours before he makes a decision. 要过好几个小时他才会作出决定。
        It will not be hours before we meet again. 要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的
3）It be+时间+when-clause 这个句型中，it指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词（时间一般是具体时间）。主句和从句中的谓语动词在时态上是一致的，主句是willbe，when从句用一般现在时代替将来时。
如：It was already 8 o'clock when we got home.
        It will be late afternoon when they get there.
4）It be+时间+that-clause 这个句型是个强调句型。
如：It was at 5o'clock that he practiced playing the violin in the morning. (原句是：He practiced playing the violin at 5o'clock in the morning.)
比较：It was 5o'clock when he started in the morning.（5o'clock前没有介词，这个是定语从句）
5）It be+time+that-clause 这个句型属虚拟语气结构，不管主句中用的是is或was，that从句都须用动词的过去式或should+动词原形（但不及物动词通常用过去式），在time之前有时可以加上high 或about 以加强语气。
如：It is high time(that) he wrote a letter to his girl friend.
        It is time(that) we made people's life a little easier.= It is time that we should make people's life a little easier.

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