本试题 “_____ students are practicing ______ English with each other at the English corner.A. The number of; speakingB. A great deal of; to speakC. A numbe...” 主要考查您对量词
动名词
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
量词的概念:
通常用来表示人、事物或动作的数量单位的词,叫做量词。
例如:a bag of (rice), a piece of (news), a cup of (tea)
量词词组的特点:
特点一:
英语量词词组所表示的数或量:大致可归纳为四种类型,即定量、不定量、大量和少量。
1、表示定量的量词词组:
如:a couple of(两个、一对)—a couple of days,a couple o fplayers,a couple of times
a cupful of(一满杯)—a cupful of jelly,a cupful of water
a portion of(一份/客)—a portion of duck,a portion of roastbeef
2、表示不定量的量词词组:
如:a majority of(大多数/大半)—a majority of opinions,a majority of votes
an atom of(一点)—an atom of food,an atom of truth
a spell of(一阵/一段时间)—a spell of fine weather,a spell of coughing
3、表示大量的量词词组:
如:a flood of—a flood of ink(洋洋大篇),a flood of tears(泪如泉涌)
a heap of—a heap of earth(一堆泥土),a heap of customers(许多顾客)
a mountain of—a mountain of debts(债台高筑),a mountain of difficulties(困难重重)
4、表示少量的量词词组:
如:a drop of—a drop of fever(有点热度),a drop of dew(一点露水)
a particle of—a particle of feeling(一丝感情),a particle of dust(一点灰尘)
a shadow of—a shadow of doubt(一点怀疑),a shadow of freedom(一点自由)
特点二:
有些数量词组修饰可数名词,有些数量词组修饰不可数名词,还有些则两者均可修饰。
1、修饰不可数名词的量词词组:
如:a bit of—a bit of English(一点英语),a bit of good advice(一些好意见),
a bit of interest(一点兴趣), a shred of—a shredofevidence(一点证据)
a shred of cloth(少量布),a shred of reputation(一点声誉)
a sheet of—a sheet of glass(一块玻璃), a sheet of water(一片汪洋)
2、修饰可数名词的量词词组:
如:a cluster of—a cluster of flowers(一簇花),a cluster of spectators(一群观众),a cluster of bright stars(闪烁群星)
a string of—a string of pearls(一串珠子),a string of curses(连续不断的咒骂),a string of excuses(一连串借口)
a scram of—a scram of mosquitoes(一群蚊子),a scram of geese(一群鹅),a scram of children(一群孩子)
3、修饰(不)可数名词的量词词组:
如:a body of—a body of bees(一群蜜蜂),a body of coldair(一股冷空气),a body of facts(许多事实)
a block of—a block of ice(一大块冰),a block of flats(一幢公寓),a block of houses(一排房子)
a chain of—a chain of ideas(一系列想法),a chain of accidents(一连串事故),a chain of proof(一连串证据)
特点三:
有些数量词组的搭配是固定的,而有些搭配则比较灵活。
1、搭配固定的量词词组:
如:a barrel of—a barrel of beer(一桶啤酒),a barrel of crudeoil(一桶原油)
a basket of—a basket of eggs(一篮鸡蛋),a basket of apples(一篮苹果)
a line of—a line of trees(一行树),a line of poetry(一行诗)
2、搭配较灵活的量词词组:
如:a piece of—a piece of paper(一张纸),a piece of furniture(一件家具),a piece of equipment(一台设备)
a round of—a round of spirit(一巡酒),a round of diplomatic talks(一轮外交谈判),a round of toast(一片烤面包)
a bar of—a bar of chocolate(一块巧克力),a bar of soap(一条肥皂),a bar of light(一束光)
一些常见的量词及搭配:
1、一般性的表示个数的量词:
这一组中主要有piece, bit, item, article等词,但piece具有独特的地位,在使用其他词的地方一般都可使用piece代替之。
如:piece: a piece of meat/paper/bread/music/information/furniture/machinery, etc.一片肉/一张纸/一片面包/一首曲子/一条信息/一件家具/一台机器等
bit: a bit of news/wood/advice/trouble, etc. 一条消息/一块木头/一条建议/一件麻烦事等
item: an item of news/crime/program/business, etc. 一条新闻/一宗罪行/一个项目/一笔生意等
article: an article o fexport/furniture/clothing/luggage, etc. 一宗出口/一件家具/一件衣服/一件行李等
2、以形状表示个数的量词:
如:bar: a bar of chocolate/candy 一块巧克力/一块糖
bunch: a bunch of flowers/grapes/keys 一束花/一串葡萄/一串钥匙
cake: a cake of soap/ice 一块肥皂/一块冰
cluster: a cluster of stars/flowers/animals 一群星/一束花/一群动物
comb: a comb of bananas 一串香蕉
drop: a drop of rain/blood 一滴雨/一滴血
ear: an ear of corn/wheat 一棒玉米/一穗麦子
flight: a flight of stairs/arrows/sparrows 一段楼梯/一阵箭雨/一群麻雀
flock: a flock of workmen/criminals/boys 一群工人/一伙罪犯/一群男孩
head: a head of cabbage/cauliflower/sheep 一头卷心菜/一块花菜/一头羊
lump: a lump of sugar/coal/clay一块糖/一块煤/一块土
spiral: a spiral of mosquito incense 一盘蚊香
slice: a slice of meat/bread/beef 一片肉/一片面包/一块牛肉
swarm: a swarm of bees 一群蜜蜂
bevy: a bevy of beauties/girls/ladies 一群美人/一群女孩/一群女士
gathering: a gathering of friends 一帮朋友
clump: a clump of trees 一丛树林
pack: a pack of rascals/wolves 一群流氓/一群狼
3、表示容积的词:
如:bottle: a bottle of ink/milk/wine 一瓶酒/一瓶牛奶/一瓶葡萄酒
bowl: a bowl of rice/porridge 一碗米饭/一碗粥
pail: a pail of water 一桶水
glass: a glass of beer 一杯啤酒
cup: a cup of tea 一杯茶
handful: a handful of soil 一抔土
spoonful: a spoonful of oil 一汤匙油
mouthful: a mouthful of snow 一口雪
truckload: a truckload of steel 一卡车钢材
packet: a packet of cigarette 一包烟
4、表示行为动态的量词:
如:fit: a fit of laughter 一阵笑声
peal: a peal of thunder 一阵雷声
flash: a flash of light 一道闪电
display: a display of force 一番武力展示
还有:①a drove of horses(一群马)
②a flock of goats(一群山羊)
③a herd of elephants(一群大象)
④a pack of wolves(一群狼)
⑤a pride of lion(一群狮子)
⑥a skulk of foxes(一群狐狸)
动名词概念:
动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰,动名词有时态和语态的变化。
现在分词和动名词用法比较:
动词的-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词两种形式。他们的句法功能如下:
动词的-ing形式如果作句子的主语或者宾语时,应该是动名词形式;如果作补语或者状语时,应该是现在分词形式。那么作表语或者定语的动名词和现在分词又该怎样区分呢?
1、动名词与现在分词作表语时的比较:
(1)动名词作表语说明主语的内容,回答what的问题;现在分词作表语相当于形容词作表语,说明主语的性质、特征等,回答how的问题。
如:One of the best exercises is swimming. 游泳是最好的运动项目之一。
What pleases him most is bathing in the sea. 最使他高兴的事是在海中沐浴。
The situation both at home and abroad is very in-spiring. 国内外的形势都很鼓舞人心。
The color is pleasing to the eye. 颜色悦目。
(2)动名词作表语,表语和主语几乎处于同等地位,可以互换位置,其句意不变;现在分词作表语,表语和主语则不能互换位置。
如:Our work is serving the people.
(=Serving the people is our work.)我们的工作是为人民服务。
The news was disappointing. 那消息令人失望。
(3)作表语的现在分词前可以用very,quite,rather,greatly等副词修饰,而动名词则不可以。
如:What he said was very encouraging. 他的话很鼓舞人心。
Our goal is realizing the four modernizations in the near future. 我们的目标是在不久的将来实现四个现代化。
(4)现在分词与形容词一样可以和more,the most构成形容词的比较级和最高级,而动名词则不可以。
如:The story is the most fascinating. 那个故事最迷人。
(5)作表语用的现在分词除了和be连用以外,还可以和其它的系动词连用;而作表语的动名词则通常只能和be连用。
如:His speech seems inspiring.他的演讲似乎很鼓舞人心。
His interest is writing for the news papers. 他的爱好是给报社写文章。
(6)有些用作表语的现在分词已经形容词化了。常见的有:exciting,moving,inspiring,missing,interesting,disappointing等。
2、动名词与现在分词作定语时的比较:
(1)动名词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系;
现在分词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系,常可以扩展成一个定语从句。
如:a swimming girl=a girl who is swimming 一个在游泳的姑娘
a walking stick=a stick that is used for walking 一根拐杖
(2)现在分词作定语有时可以后置,而动名词则通常只能放在它所修饰的名词之前。
如:The girl wearing glasses is one of his students. 戴眼镜的那个女孩是他的一个学生。
I bought some reading materials. 我买了一些阅读材料。
动名词的用法:
1、作主语:
例如:Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。
2、作宾语:
a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。
例如:admit承认 appreciate感激 avoid避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay耽误 deny否认 detest讨厌 endure忍受 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 fancy想象 finish完成 imagine想象 mind介意 miss想念 postpone推迟 practice训练 recall回忆 resent讨厌 resume继续 resist抵抗 risk冒险 suggest建议 face面对 include包括 stand忍受 understand理解 forgive宽恕 keep继续
例如:Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点,好吗?
The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很,刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。
b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。
例如:admit to prefer...to burst out keep on insist on count on set about put off be good at take up give up be successful in be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of be busy can't help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of
3、作表语,对主语说明、解释:
例如:Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。
比较:She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.
4、作定语,一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途:
例如:a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台
a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池
有些动名词作定语,与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。
例如:boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点
a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机
动名词知识体系:
动名词与不定式用法对比:
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