本试题 “"You'll have to wait for two hours, ________ is, at about 11; 30, ________ the medical report willcome out, "the doctor said to me.[ ]A. that; when...” 主要考查您对指示代词
关系副词
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指示代词的概念:
指示代词是表示指示概念的代词,即用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。主要有this,that,these,those。
this和that用于指代单数,these和those用于指代复数。
指示 代词与定冠词和人称代词一样,都具有指定的含义,用来起指示作用,或用来代替前面已
提到过的名词。
指示代词具有名词和形容词的性质,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定于等。
指示代词this与that用法比较:
(1)用来回指上文提到的事情时,可用 this 或 that,但是若要指下文叙述的事情,通常要用 this:
She married Jim, and this[that]surprised me. 她嫁给了吉姆,这使我感到很吃惊。
I want to know this: Is he healthy? 我想知道这一点:他是否很健康。
注:回指上文的that在译成汉语时,通常却译为“这”: That's where you are wrong. 这就是你不对的地方。
(2)在打电话时,通常用 this 指自己,用 that 指对方:
Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗? 但在美国英语中指对方时也可用this。
(3)除用作代词外,this 和that 都可用作副词,与形容词或副词连用,其义为“这么”、“那么(=so):
It's about this(that )high. 大约这(那)么高。
Is it this hot every day? 每天都有这么热吗?
指示代词用法特别提示:
1、this (these)与that (those):
this(these)指近的事物,that(those)指远的事物,可以指空间的远近,时间的前后以及叙述事物的先后。
如:This is a new book. That is an old one. 这是一本新书,那是一本旧书。
2、such与same:
前者表示“如此、这样的人或事”,“后者表示同样的人或事”。在句中常用作主语或宾语。
如:Such was Einstein, asimple man of great achievements. 爱因斯坦就是这样一个人,朴实无华,成就非凡。
Read the stories such as you love. 读你喜欢的故事吧。
The same is the case with everyone. 大家的情况也是一样。
指示代词知识体系:
指示代词用法拓展:
1、注意以下各句中this的特殊用法:
如:He will be in Paris this day next week.下个星期的今天他将在巴黎了。
He will come here this day next month.他将在下个月的今天来这儿。
比较:He got married ten years ago today. 他是10年前的今天结婚的。
2、表替代的that与those:
有时为了避免重复,可用that和those 代替前面提到的名词:
如:The population of China is much larger that that of Japan.中国人口比日本人口多得多。(that=the population)
His views are close to those of the Socialist Party. 他的观点接近社会党的观点。(those=the views)
关系副词的概念:
关系副词兼有副词与连接词两种作用,在不及物动词的连接中要求用关系副词。关系副词有when, where, why。
关系副词的特点:
关于副词用于引出定语从句,主要有when, where, why:
如:Sunday is the day when very few people go to work. 星期日是没什么人上班的日子。
That's the reason why he dislikes me. 这就是他不喜欢我的原因。
Do you know a shop where I can find sandals? 你知道哪家商店我能找到凉鞋吗?
注:关系副词用于引出定语从句,且在从句中用作状语。关系副词when表示时间,where表示地点,why表示原因。
使用关系副词应注意的几点:
(1)how不能用作关系副词,不要想当然地将how用作关系副词置于theway后表示方式:他说话就是那个样子。
误:This is the way how he spoke.
正:This is how he spoke./ This is the way(that, in which)he spoke.
(2)关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,但why只能引导限制性定语从句,不能引导非限制性定语从句(若引导非限制性定语从句,可用for which reason)。
(3)引导定语从句时,when的先行词为时间,where的先行词为地点,why的先行词为原因(主要是the reason),但是反过来却不一定:
如:Don't forget the time(that) I've toldyou.不要忘记我告诉你的时间。
Do you know the house(that) he bought recently? 你知道他最近买的那座房子吗?
Please tell me there as on(that) you know. 请告诉我你所知道的原因吧。
关系副词的用法:
关系副词有when, where, why,作用有三个:
1、连接主句与从句;
2、代替先行词;
3、在从句中作状语,不可省略。
When和where既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句。Why只能引导限制性定语从句。这些关系副词在意义上都相当于一定得“介词+which”结构。
1)when=at/in/on/during,在定语从句中作时间状语。
例如:Tell me the time when(at which) the train leaves.
注意:
①当表示时间的先行词在从句中中作主语或宾语时,不能用when。
例如:I will never forget the days I spent with your family.
②It/This/That+be+the first/second/last time that…句型中,that是习惯用法,不能用 when代替,that还可以省略。从句中使用与“be动词”呼应的完成形式。
例如:It is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall.
2)where表地点,只能跟在表示地点的名词后,它在定语从句中作地点状语。
例如:This is the second school where I used to teach.
注意:
①引导词where可用that替换,并经常可以省略。
例如:That's the place(where/that) we went before.
②当表示地点的先行词在句中作主语或宾语时,不用where,用关系代词that或which。
例如:The factory that/which we visited yesterday was built last year.
③where可与from连用。
例如:His head soon appeared out of the second story windows, from where he could see nothing but rees.
3)why表原因,引导的从句修饰名词reason。Why可用that或forwhich替换或省略。
例如:I don't know the reason(why/for which/that) he left here.
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