本试题 “用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.The teacher asks us _____(listen) carefully in class.2. The girl _____(use) to do some reading when she was a child.3...” 主要考查您对实义动词
不定式
分词
一般过去时
现在完成时
主谓一致
固定搭配
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
实意动词使用方法:
及物动词
后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如:
I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”
Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。
Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。
不及物动词
本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:
Birds fly.鸟会飞。
It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。
My watch stopped.我的表停了。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。
兼作及物动词和不及物动词
英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况
a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)
When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)
They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)
b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:
Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。
Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?
实意动词的用法:
肯定句:
主语+动词过去式+其它
否定句:
主语+助动词didn‘t+动词原型+其他
一般过去式:
Did+主语+动词原型+其他
时态 | 主动形式 | 被动形式 |
一般式 | (not) to do | (not) to be done |
完成式 | (not) to have done | (not) to have been done |
进行式 | (not) to be doing | |
完成进行式 | (not) to have been doing |
现在分词构成形式:
①一般在动词原形末尾加ing,如do→doing、sing→singing、comfort→comforting
②以不发音的e、ue结尾的动词,先去e,再加ing,如dance→dancing、hike→hiking、write→writing、make→ making,take→taking
③以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词加ing,如see→seeing、toe→toeing、dye→dyeing
④以重读闭音节结尾的动词,并且末尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这一字母,再加ing,如cut→cutting、swim→swimming
注:结尾是x则不必双写,如relax→relaxing
⑤以ie结尾的动词,要把ie变成y再加ing,如die→dying,lie→lying.
⑥以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ing,如picnic→picnicking,traffic→trafficking
过去分词构成形式:
1.规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:
(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。(然而要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式)
work---worked---worked , visit---visited---visited
(2)、以不发音的“ e ” 结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived
(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,try---tried---tried,fry---fried---fried.[1]
(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
(5)、以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ed,
picnic→picnicked ,traffic→trafficked
2 、不规则动词:见不规则动词表
分词用法:
1、分词作状语
分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。
分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。
当现在分词表示的动作发 生在谓语动词之前时, 则用现在分词的完成式,且所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生, 则用现在分词的一般式。
完成或被动关系用过去分词。
①现在分词:
The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
②过去分词:
Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.
Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
2、“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)+分词”结构
现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when, once, although, until, if等连词。
①现在分词:
When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……
②过去分词:
Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
3、分词作定语
分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。
现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries
4、分词作宾语补足语
现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及
have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补语的成分。
例:I see him passing my house every day.
I caught him stealing things in that shop.
I smelt something burning.
5、分词作表语
分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。
过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,主语多为人。现在分词表示主语的性质,而且主语多为物;
①过去分词:
We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.
She felt confused, and even frightened.
②现在分词:
He was very amusing.
That book was rather boring.
很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语:
exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.
肯定式 | 疑问式 | 否定式 | 疑问否定式 |
Iworked | Did I work? | I did not work | Did I not work? |
He(She,It) worked | Did he(she,it) work? | He(she,it) did not work | Did he(she,it) notwork? |
We worked | Did we work? | We did not work | Did we not work? |
You worked | Did you work? | You did not work | Did you not work? |
They worked | Did they work? | They did not work | Did they not work? |
词 |
构成 |
举例 | |
一般情况 |
词尾+ed |
动词原形 |
过去式和过去分词 |
look |
looked | ||
以不发音字母e结尾 |
词尾+d |
like |
liked |
以“辅以字母+y”结尾 |
变y为i,再加ed |
fly |
flied |
以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母 |
双写词尾+ed |
stop |
stopped |
现在完成时的用法:
1.表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如:
-Have you had lunch yet?
-Yes,I have. I've just had it.
2.表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。
常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如:
He has taught here since 1981
他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教)
I have't seen her for four years.
我有四年没见到她了。
3.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”。
常与twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。 如:
I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京
4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如:
now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,just,today,up to present,so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
5.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如:
already(肯定),yet(否定,疑问),just,before,recently,still,lately,never等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet?
6.现在完成时的"完成用法"
现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如:
He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)
现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此:
该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning / month /year...,today等)连用。
例如:Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?
7.现在完成时的"未完成用法"
现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。
例如:
He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。
(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now,so far)等。
例如:
I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
注意:现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。
如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。
8.一段时间+has passed+since从句
主语+have / has been+since短语
例如:He has been in the League for three years.
或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了
9. 现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now","so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在)连用。
Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。
I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。
has gone (to),has been (to),has been (in) 的区别
has gone to:去了没回
has been to :去过
has been in:呆了很久
"表里不一"现象:
主谓一致中的"表里不一"现象
和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致,最基本的原则是:单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词.但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂,现在学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整理如下
1,"more than one +名词"作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:
More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花.
2,"many a +名词"作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数.例如:
Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树.
3,"half of,the rest of,most of,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如:
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖.
4,all指人时,动词用复数;all指物时,动词用单数.例如:
"All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了,一切进展顺利
5,what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数,相反,则用复数.例如:
What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书.
6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each,every,no修饰,该名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.例如:
No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔.
7,当主语后面有as well as,with,along with,together with,but,like,rather than,except,逗号加and连接几个名字等引导的短语时,谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如:
My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京.
8,each作主语的同位语时,谓语动词由主语来决定,与each无关.例如:
They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车.
9,动词不定式,动词-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:
Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯.
10,the following作主语时,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如:
The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.
11,以-ics结尾的学科名词,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news,works,plastics等同属此类.例如:
Politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各学校都开设政治课.
当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示"学科"以外的意义时,用作复数,如:mathematics(运算能力)politics(政治观点)economics(经济意义)等
12,有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数(trousers,glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等)作主语时,前面若有"一条","一副","一把"之类的单位词,动词用单数;若没有单位词或单位词是复数,则谓语动词用复数.例如:
The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很合适.
还有一些以-s结尾的名词通常用复数:arms(武器).clothes.contents.minites(记录).remains(遗体).thanks等
13,"one and a half +名词"作主语时,谓语动词要用复数.例如:
One and a half apples are left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果.
14,"One or two more +复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用复数.例如:
One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙.
15,"one of+复数名词+ 定语从句"结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在"the only one of +复数名词+定语从句"的结构中,"the one of + 复数名词+定语从句"定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.例如:
He is one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一.
16,表示时间,距离,金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词常用单数,但若强调数量,谓语动词可用复数.例如:
One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱.
初中英语常见固定搭配:
(一)加-ing
enjoy / like doing sth 喜欢做----
spend....(in) doing sth 在做---花费---
try doing 试着做------
be busy doing sth 忙于做------
finish doing sth 完成做----
look forward to + doing sth 期待做----(现在进行时)
be doing 正在做---
Thank you for (doing) sth 为了--感谢你
(二)加-to
decide to do sth 决定去做-----
ask (sb)to do 要求(某人)去做----
It’s+adj +to do sth . 做---(怎么样)
would like / want to do 想要做-----
It takes sb sometime to do sth在做----花费----
(三)加原形
let / make sb do sth 让某人做某事
be going to / will do sth (一般将来时态)
(四)加-to 或-ing意思不同
forget doing 忘记做过了-----(已做)
forget to do 忘记去做------(还没做)
remember doing记得做过了-----(已做)
remember to do记得去做------(还没做)
(五)加-to 或-ing意思相同
begin / start to do sth = begin / start doing sth开始做------
(六)
A)动词+ 介词
agree with同意....的意见(想法);符合
help ... with ...帮助(某人)做(某事) listen to听...
..get to到达....
fall off (从......)掉下base on以....(为)根据
knock at /on敲(门、窗)
laugh at嘲笑
learn.. from 向...学习
live on继续存在;靠...生活
look after照顾,照看look at看;观看
look for寻找
look like看起来像
pay for (sth.)付钱;支付
point at指示;指向
point to指向....prefer to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢
quarrel with (和某人)吵架
regard...as ...把....当作....;当作
stop...from阻止.....做.....
talk about说话;谈话;谈论
talk with与......交谈think about考虑
think of认为;想起
B)动词+ 副词
ask for请求;询问
carry on坚持下去;继续下去
cut down砍倒
clean up清除;收拾干净
come down下来;落
come along来;随同
come in进来
come on来吧;跟着来;赶快
come over过来;顺便来访
come out出来;出现;(花)开;发(芽)
drop off放下(某物);下车
eat up吃光;吃完
fall behind落在......后面;输给别人
fall down跌倒;从......落下
find out查出(真相)
get back回来;取回
get down下来;落下;把......取下来
get off下来;从......下来get on上(车)
get up起床
give up放弃go on继续
go out出去
go over过一遍;仔细检查
grow up长大;成长
hand in交上来
hurry up赶快
hold on (口语)等一等;(打电话时)不挂断
look out留神;注意
look over (仔细)检查
look up向上看;抬头看
pass on传递;转移到....
pick up拾起;捡起
put away放好;把....收起来
put on穿上;戴上;(戏剧等)上演;放(唱片等
put down把(某物)放下来
put up挂起;举起
run away流失;逃跑;逃走
rush out冲出去
set off出发;动身;
启程send up发射;把......往上送
shut down把......关上
sit down坐下
slow down减缓;减速
take off脱掉(衣服)
take out取出
throw about乱丢;抛撒
trip over (被......)绊倒
try on试穿(衣服、鞋等);试戴(帽子等)
try out试验;尝试
turn down关小;调低
turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等
turn off关(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等)
turn over (使)翻过来
wake up醒来
wear out把......穿旧;磨坏
work out算出;制订出
write down写下....
C) be + 形容词+ 介词
be angry with对(某人)发脾气
be interested in对......感兴趣
be able to能;会
be afraid of害怕
be amazed at对......感到惊讶
be excited about对......感到兴奋
be filled with用......充满
be full of充满......的
be good at =do well in在....方面做得好;善于
be late for迟到
be made in在......生产或制造
be made of由....组成;由....
be pleased with对......感到满意
be proud of以......自豪/高兴
be used for用于
D)动词+ 名词/ 代词
beg one′s pardon请原谅;对不起
do morning exercises做早操
do one′s homework做作业
enjoy oneself =have a good time过得快乐;玩得愉快
give a concert开音乐会
go boating去划船
go fishing去钓鱼go hiking去徒步旅行
go skating去滑冰
go shopping (去)买东西
have a cold (患)感冒
have a cough (患)咳嗽
have a headache (患)头痛
have a try尝试;努力
have a look看一看
have a rest休息
have a seat (= take a seat ) 就坐;坐下
have sports进行体育活动
have supper吃晚餐
hear of听说
hold a sports meeting举行运动会
make a decision作出决定
make a mistake犯错误
make a noise吵闹
make faces做鬼脸
make friends交朋友
make money赚钱
take one′s place坐某人的座位;代替某人的职务
teach oneself (=learn by oneself ) 自学
watch TV看电视
take photos照相
take time花费(时间)
take turns轮流
E)动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词
catch up with赶上
come up with找到;提出(答案、解决办法等)
get on well with与......相处融洽
give birth to生(孩子)
help yourself / yourselves to自取;随便吃
make room for给.....腾出地方
play a joke on戏弄人;对人恶作剧
speak highly of称赞
say good bye to告别;告辞
take an active part in积极参加
take care of照顾;照料;注意
F)其他类型
be awake醒着的
be born出生
be busy doing忙着做
come true实现
do one′s best尽最大努力
fall asleep睡觉;入睡
go home回家
go on doing (sth.)继续做某事;尽力
get married结婚
get together相聚
go straight along 沿着...一直往前走
had better (do)最好(做...)
keep doing sth.一直做某事
make sure确保;确认;查明
make up one′s mind下决心
与“用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.The teacher asks us _____(l...”考查相似的试题有: