本试题 “— Why do you look so sad?— With so many problems________, I'm in a difficult situation.[ ]A. settledB. remained to settleC. being settledD. remaini...” 主要考查您对现在分词
不定式的被动式
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
现在分词的概念：
现在分词（PresentParticiple）(又称-ing形式)，是分词的一种，是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语）。一般式：doing；一般被动式：being done；完成式：having done；完成被动式：having been done。所有否定式都是在－ing前面加not。
现在分词的用法：
1）做表语：
如：He was very amusing.
That book was rather boring.
很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语：exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.
2）作定语：
上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语,修饰一个名词：
如：That must have been a terrifying experience.
I found him a charming person.
现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词,相当于一个定语从句：
如：There are a few boys swimming in the river.
There is a car waiting outside.
3）作状语：
现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作：
如：Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.
Opening the drawer, he took out a box.
Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.
现在分词短语还可以表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句：
如：Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.
Being unemployed, he hasn't got much money.
现在分词短语还可以表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句：
如：Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
Returning home, he began to do his homework.
Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.
Be careful when crossing the road.
Having found a hotel, we looked for some where to have dinner.
Having finished her work, she went home.
4）作宾补：
现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语：
例如：see, hear, catch, find, keep, have等。
如：I see him passing my house every day.
I caught him stealing things in that shop.
I smelt something burning.
She kept him working all day.
现在分词其他用法解析：
1、现在分词一般式的用法：
现在分词的一般式所表示的动作与主语动作同时发生：
如：When we arrived, we found him sleeping. 我们到达时发现他在睡觉。
Living in the 示的动作也可略早于或迟于谓语动作，但两者之间没有时间间隔：
如：Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave a note. 发现没有在家，他决定留个字条。
He went home, finding the door locked. 他回到家，发现门是锁着的。当现在分词所表示的动作略迟于谓语动作时，现在分词通常位于句末。
2、现在分词完成式的用法：
现在分词的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作：
如：Having been there once, she knew the place quite well. 由于去过那儿一次，她对那地方很熟悉。
Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again. 他已经失败了两次，不想再试了。
注：（1）现在分词的一般式和完成式均可表示已完成或先于谓语的动作，但有区别：现在分词所表示的动作虽然可以先于谓语动作，但两者之间没有时间间隔，而现在分词的完成式所表示先于谓语的动作则与谓语动作有一定的时间间隔：
如：Locking the door, he went out. 锁好门之后，他就出去了。
Having invited him here to speak, we'd better go to his lecture. 既然我们请了他来作报告，我们最好去听一下。
有时即使是分词动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生，但如果要强调分词动作的完成性，也应用现在分词的完成式：
如：Having bought our tickets, we went into the theatre. 我们买好票后就走进剧场。
（2）现在分词的完成式一般不用作定语：
误：Do you know anyone having lost a cat? 你知道有谁丢了一只猫吗？
误：I want to talk to the person having broken the window. 我想同打破窗户的人谈谈。
若将以上现分词的完成式改为一般式也不可以（因为现在分词作后置定语时通常只表示与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生的动作，而不能先于谓语动作而发生）：
误：I want to talk to the person breaking the window.
3、现在分词被动式的用法：
当要表示一个被动动作时，现在分词就用被动形式。现在分词的一般式和完成式均有被动式形式：
（1）现在分词一般式的被动式：主要表示现在正在进行的动作，也可表示与谓语动作同时发生的动作：
如：Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?
I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看见他被警察带走。
注：有时现在分词一般式的被动式所表示的动作也可发生在谓语动作之前（此时的现在分词通常用于表示原因，且多为状态动词）：
如：Not having a car, he finds it difficult to get around. 由于没车，她感到行动很困难。
（2）现在分词完成式的被动式：主要表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成的动作。
如：The subject having been opened, he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了，他不得不谈下去。
Having been written inhaste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促，所以错误不少。
比较：Being so ill, she can't go to school. 由于病得那么严重，她不能去上学。
Having been ill for a long time, he needed time to recover. 由于病了很长时间，他需要一段恢复的时间。
不定式的被动式的概念：
如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式要用被动式。如：The next thing to be done is to get our classroom pained.
不定式被动式的用法：
一、基本形式：
不定式被动式的基本形式为to be done；若表示动作先于另一动作之前，则用完成式，即to have been done。
二、用法归纳：
不定式被动式在句中可以用作：
1、主语：
如：It's a great honour to be invited to the banquet. 承蒙邀请赴宴，甚是荣幸。
To be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing, but a good tiring. 被敌人反对是好事，不是坏事。
It's a pity to be kept in the house in fine weather. 好天气时被留在家里是很遗憾的。
2、表语：
如：All this is to be sold. 所有这些都是出售的。
Water must be pure if it is to be drunk. 水如供饮用必须净化。
The switchboard is to be manned at all times. 任何时候电话总机那儿都应有专人在岗负责。
3、宾语：
如：She doesn't want to be separated from him. 她不愿和他分开。
He begged to be allowed to return to Brazil. 他恳求允许他返回巴西。
I don't wish to be disturbed in my work. 在工作时我不愿意被人打扰。
They demanded to be shown the authentic documents. 他们要求出示真实可靠的文件。
4、定语：
如：I made notes of the things to be mended. 我记下了需要修补的东西。
The Blacks are the first to be fired and the last to be hired. 黑人是最先被解雇，最后被雇用。
5、状语：
如：He asked to be kept in formed about developments. 他要求随时向他报告发展情况。
As she waited to be served, she became very impatient. 她在等候侍者送饭时，很不耐烦。
She got there only to be told that they had gone on holiday. 她到达那里，被告知他们度假去了。
6、宾语补足语：
如：He did not like his intention to be laughed at. 他不喜欢自己的意图受到嘲笑。
He ordered the goods to be sent by air. 他命令把货物空运
7、主语补足语：
如：The court was ordered to be cleared. 有命令要关闭法庭。
The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 不许将书携出室外。
8、用在“for+名(代)词+不定式”结构中。
如：It's an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 我很荣幸被邀在这里讲话。
It is essential for him to be prepared for this. 有必要让他对此有所准备。
It's impossible for the job to be finished in time. 这项任务要按时完成是不可能的。
The note was a simple request for a porter to be sent to room201. 这个字条就是请指派一个搬运工到201室去。
Can you arrange for the gold to be delivered on Monday? 你能不能安排一下周一把金子送到?
动词不定式的被动式之注意点：
一、注意形式与功用：
不定式的被动式为“to be＋过去分词”，表示其逻辑主语是动作的承受者，具有被动含义。在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。
如：It was impossible for lost time to be made up. 要弥补已失去的时光是不可能的。
I hope to be invited to the party. 我希望有人请我去参加晚会。
Have you got ready for the meeting to be held? 你为即将举行的会议准备好了吗？
In order to be chosen, he sent each of them a present.为 了被选中，他给他们每人都送了礼物。
The problem seems to be solved soon. 问题好像快要解决了。
二、与不定式的主动式的比较：
1、表示义务的概念，句子的主语是要做的动作或接受动作的人或物时，要用不定式的被动式。
如：These sheets are to be washed. 这些床单要洗一洗。
The cleaning is to be finished by mid day. 要在中午前打扫完毕。
2、不定式作定语与被修饰词是主谓、动宾、同位等逻辑关系时，多用其主动式。
如：Where is the boy to speak at tomorrow's meeting?(=who will speak at tomorrow's meeting主谓关系) 明天要在会上发言的那个男孩在哪里？
I have got a letter to write.(=that I will write动宾关系，尤其谓语动词为have, give, bring等时) 我有封信要写。
Give me a pen to write with.(=that I can write with不及物动词加上相应的介词)给我一枝笔写。
注意：如果动作的执行者在主语或宾语中没有出现，应用不定式的被动式。
如：I'm going to the post office. Do you have any letters to be posted? 我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗？（动作执行者不是you）
3、在there be结构中，用不定式的主动式和被动式意义一般差别不大，但有些还是有差别的。
如：There's a lot to be said (或to say) about this book. 关于这本书大有可说。
There is nothing to see. 没有什么可看的了。
There is nothing to be seen. 看不见有什么。(即“什么也没看见”)
4、修饰作表语或宾补的形容词的不定式，常用主动式表示被动含义。
如：I don't think English hard to learn. 我认为英语不太难学。
三、双重被动结构有些被动结构后接不定式作宾语、宾语补足语等时，仍然含有被动含义，就得用双重被动结构：
如：The work is thought to be finished soon. 大家认为工作很快就完成了。
四、动作发生的时间不定式多表示未来动作或情况，其被动式也不例外，上述各例皆有体现，尤其是改为定语从句时多为将来时的被动语态。另外我们还要注意以下两点：
1、表示被动关系时，当不定式的动作先于谓语时，可用不定式的被动式的完成时：to have been done；
与谓语同时进行时，要用不定式的被动式的进行时：to be being done。
如：The dead woman is said to have been badly treated. 据说死去的妇女受虐待。
Rain forests are reported to be being cut down rapidly. 据报道雨林正被迅速地砍伐。
2、不定式的主动式作含序数词的被修饰词语的定语时，可表示已完成的动作。
如：He was the first man to taste the tomato. 他是第一位品尝西红柿的人。
They were the last to leave the countryside.他们是最后一批离开农村的。
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