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高中三年级英语

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  • 单选题
    —Whom did you ____ the packet at the post office?
    —Jack. There ____ masses of work for him to do, but he managed to finish the work as required.
    [     ]

    A. have fetched; was
    B. have fetch; were
    C. have to fetch; were
    D. have fetch; was
    本题信息:2010年0104模拟题英语单选题难度一般 来源:姜雪
  • 本题答案
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本试题 “—Whom did you ____ the packet at the post office?—Jack. There ____ masses of work for him to do, but he managed to finish the work as required.[ ]A...” 主要考查您对

系动词

主谓一致

插入语

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 系动词
  • 主谓一致
  • 插入语

系动词的概念:

连系动词(link verb)是一个表示谓语关系的动词。它必须后接表语(通常为名词或形容词)。连系动词的功能主要是把表语(名词、形容词、某些副词、非谓词、介词短语、从句)和它的主语联系在一起,说明主语的属性、特征或状态。它有自己的但不完全的词义,不能在句中独立作谓语,必须和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。它是虚词。


系动词的分类:

1、状态系动词:
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词。
例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
2、持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand:
例如:The weather will continue cold and wet.
            He remained poor after 20years.
            The shop will stay open at 11:00p.m.
            He stood/sat silent there. 
3、表像系动词:
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look。
例如:She appears to have know this thing.
            She seems a student.
4、感官系动词:
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。
例如:The silk feels soft.
            Your idea sounds a good one.
            He looked like his mother.
            The mixture tasted terrible.
            The flower smells sweet.
5、变化系动词:
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。
例如:My dream o fcoming to China has come true.
            In summer food often goes bad.
            He turned doctor./ He became a doctor.
            He fell asleep as soon as he went to bed.
6、终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out,表达"证实","变成"之意。
例如:The truth he stuck to proved true.

系动词基本用法:

连系动词是表示不完全谓语关系的动词,它与其后的表语一起构成谓语。
常见的连系动词有be(是),become(成为),get(变成),remain(还是),seem(似乎是),look(看上去),feel(感觉)等。
连系动词后的表语通常是名词和形容词,有时也可以是代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等:
如:His English is excellent. 他的英语很棒。(跟形容词)
        He is a famous poet. 他是著名诗人。(跟名词)
        Money isn't everything. 金钱不是一切。(跟代词)
        She was the first to arrive. 她是第一个到达的人。(跟数词)
        Who is up stairs? 谁在楼上?(跟副词)
        He is with his friends. 他和朋友在一起。(跟介词短语)
        He seems to be ill.他似乎病了。(跟不定式)
        Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。(跟动名词)
        This is what you need. 这就是你需要的。(跟从句)
:有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语。
例如:1、She tasted①the soup to see if it tasted②too salty.  她尝了一口汤,看是否太咸。
            2、The doctor is feeling①his pulse because he feels②sick. 因为身体不舒服,医生正在给他切脉。
            3、The mother looked①at the sick child sadly and she looked②sad. 母亲难过地看着生病的孩子。
            4、She smelled①the meat to make sure it still smelled②good. 她闻了闻肉,看看是否还新鲜。
            5、The teacher asked the students to keep②quite when they were keeping①everything in order. 当学生整理东西时,老师让他们保持安静。
从以例子不难出,标①的动词为实义动词,他们后跟有宾语;标②的动词为系动词,其后往往跟形容词、名词、不定式等作表语。


系动词知识体系:

 


连系动词使用应注意的两点:

 1、关于连系动词后接副词作表语:
连系动词后通常可接形容词作表语,一般不接副词:
误:His English is very well. 他的英语很好。(应将well改为good)
误:Be carefully. 小心点。(应将carefully改为careful)
误:The soup tastes nicely. 这汤味道不错。(应将nicely改为nice)
但是,有时连系动词后也可接副词作表语,不过这主要限于in, on, off, out, away, behind, up, down, over, through, around, round, below, inside, outside等少数副词小品词以及here, there, upstairs, downstairs等少数表示地点或方位的副词:
如:Mother wasn't in last night. 母亲昨晚不在家。
        The meeting was over at five. 会议五点结束。
        Come along. The taxi is outside. 来吧,出租车在外面。
        Mother is downstairs waiting for you. 母亲在楼下等你。
2、关于连系动词后接不定式:
(1)连系动词be后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语:
如:My dream is to be a scientist. 我的梦想是当一名科学家。 
        All I could do was to wait. 我只能等。
        My plan was to go from London to Paris. 我计划从伦敦去巴黎。
        I was to have seen Mr Kay. 我本要去见凯先生的。
(2)seem, appear, prove, continue, turn out, get, grow, come等连系动词后也可接不定式(尤其是to be)作表语:
如:She always seems to be sad. 她常常显得很忧伤。
        My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证明是错的。
        She appears to have many friends. 他好像有很多朋友。
        The weather turned out to be fine. 天气结果很好。
        Circumstances continue to be favorable.  情况仍然是有利的。
        He has grown to like studying English. 他渐渐喜欢学英语了。

若所接不定式为to be,通常可以省略。不过,若其后接的是表语形容词,则to be通常不宜省略。
另外,连系动词look后能否接tobe似乎尚有争论,不过,在现代英语中接to be的现象已较普遍。
(3)sound, smell, feel, taste, become等连系动词后通常不能接不定式:
误:These oranges taste to be good. (应去掉to be)
误:The roses smell to be nice.(应去掉to be)
(4)有的连系动词后接的从句可用不定式来改写:
如:It seems that she's right./ She seems to be right. 她似乎是对的。
        It appears that you have made a mistake./You appear to have made a mistake. 似乎你弄错了。


主谓一致的概念:

谓语的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。


主谓一致的基本原则:

1)语法一致原则,即在语法形式上取得一致。例如,主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式。
例如:The students are very young.
            This picture looks beautiful.
2)意义一致原则,即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如,主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数,谓语动词也采取复数形式;
而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数,谓语动词也采取单数形式。
例如:The people in that country are fighting for independence.
            The crowd deeply respect their leader. 
            Three years in a strange land seems a long time.
3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
例如:Neither hen or I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy.


几对容易混淆词组的一致用法:

1、由“this/thatkind/typeof+名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;而由"these/thosekind/typeof+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:This kind of apples is highly priced.
            Those kind(s) of tests are good.
2、由“a number of,a totalo f,an average of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;由“the number of,the total of,the average of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:A number of students are waiting for the bus.
            The number of the students in this university is increasing yearly.
3、one of,the(only) one of的一致用法
例如:This is one of the books that have been recommended.
            This is the(only) one of the books that has been recommended.


 主谓一致用法点拨:

1、并列结构作主语谓语用复数:
如:Reading and writing are very important.
注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
如:The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
典型例题:
The League secretary and monitor___asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
答案:B.
注:先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A、C本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。

2、主谓一致中的靠近原则:
1)当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
例如:There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
            There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
2)当either…or…与neither…nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
例如:Either you or she is to go. 
            Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

3、谓语动词与前面的主语一致:
当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
例如:The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 
            He as well as I wants to go boating.

4、谓语需用单数:

1)代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each,every,谓语需用单数。
例如:Each of us has a tape-recorder. 
2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。
例如:The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 
3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可,意思不变。)
例如:Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
            Ten yuan is enough.

5、指代意义决定谓语的单复数:
1)在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
例如:All is right. (一切顺利。)
            All are present. (所有人都到齐了。)
2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。
例如:family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体。
例如:His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。
            His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
例如:Are there any police around?
3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。
A number of+名词复数+复数动词。 The number of+名词复数+单数动词。
例如:A number of books have lent out.
            The majority of the students like English.

6、与后接名词或代词保持一致:

1)用half of, part of, most of, a portion of等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致。
例如:Most of his money is spent on books.
            Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
2)在一些短语,如many a或more than one所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。
但由more than…of作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
例如:Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。
            More than 60percent of the students are from the city. 百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市


主谓一致知识体系:

 


主谓一致用法拓展:

1)当everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everything,anything,something,nothing等用作主语时,其相应的代词一般用单数形式。
例如:If anybody calls, tell him that I'm out.
            Something strange happened, didn't it? 
2)人称代词与名词的呼应:人称代词I(me),he(him),she(her),it(it) 都是代替前面的单数名词,而they(them),we(us)则是代替复数名词的,you既可以代表单数,也可以代表复数。但表示泛指的时候,用he或one来表示。
例如:If a young person enters a classical music field only for money, he is in the wrong profession. 
3)物主代词与名词的呼应:my,our,his,her,its,their要与代替的名词在数上一致。
例如:The welfare department,as well as the other social services,will have its budget cut.
4)反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应。
例如:Many primitive people believed that by eating ananimal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.
5)指示代词与所代名词间的呼应:this和that指代单数名词或不可数名词,these和those指代复数名词(those还可以用作先行词,引导定语从句,表示“那些人”)。
例如:She invited all those who had been her former colleagues.
6)much和muchof后接不可数名词,而many和manyof后接可数名词的复数。
例如:There is not much coal left.
            A great many of the houses were knocked down by the earthquake.
7)表示量的词后面有的接可数名词,有的接不可数名词。
接可数名词的有:a number of,a rangeof,a series of十复数名词;
接不可数名词的有:a great deal of,an amount of十不可数名词;
既可接可数又可接不可数名词的有:a lot of,a variety of。
例如:1.The government attached a great deal of importance to education.
            2.Quiteanumberofwomenappliedforthisjob.
            3.The college library has avariety of books.
            4.An apple is avariety off ruit.
     


插入语的概念:

所谓插入语,就是指插在句子中间,对句子起补充或附加的说明的成分。一般说来,插入语与句中其他部分没有语法上的联系,若将其去掉,句子结构仍然完整。插入语在句中主要起解释、说明、总结等作用,此外还可用于表示说话者的态度和看法、起强调作用、引起别方的注意、转移话题、承上启下等。


插入语的几种类型:

一、形容词(短语)作插入语
如:Sure enough, she was there. 果然她在那里。
        Strange to say, he is still ignorant of it.说也奇怪,他还不知道这件事。
  Mostimportantofall,theseactivitieshavestrengthenedtheirtieswiththeworkingpeople.最重要的是,这些活动加强了他们和劳动人民的联系。
二、副词(短语)作插入语
如:I'm seeing him in May一or rather early June. 我5月份见他——更确切地说是在6月初。
       We must be back be foremidnight;otherwisewe’llbelockedout.我们必须在午夜之前赶回去,否则我们就会被锁在门外。
三、介词短语作插入语
Hedoesn’tmind.Infact,heisverypleased.他不介意,实际上他很高兴。
Bytheway,doyouknowwhereMarylives?顺便问一下,你知道玛丽住在哪里吗?
Theboyisnotfoolish.Onthecontrary,Ithinkheisveryclever.这孩子不愚蠢,相反我认为他很聪明。
Alotofuswanttoleavenow—Bill,forexample[=forexample,Bill].我们很多人现在都想走——比如,比尔就是一例。
四、v-ing分词(短语)作插入语
Generallyspeakingchildrenliketowatchtelevision.一般说来,小孩子喜欢看电视。
Judgingfrom[by]hisaccent,hemaybefromthesouth.听他的口音,他可能是南方人。
五、不定式短语作插入语
Tobeginwith,Idonotlikeitscolour.首先,我不喜欢它的颜色。
Totellthetruth,thefilmwasagreatdisappointmenttome.说实在的,那部影片使我大为失望。
Tomakealongstoryshort,weagreedtodisagree.长话短说,我们同意各自保留不同的看法。
六、句子(陈述句和一般疑问句等)作插入语
Believeitornot,theygotmarriedsoon.信不信由你,他们不久就结婚了。
Helearnseasily,andwhat’smore,herememberswhathehaslearnt.他学习起来很容易,而且他所学习过的都记得住。
Hedidn’tgo,that’stosay,it’snotrecordedthathedid.他没去,换句话说,他去了这个事实无案可查。


插入语用法例题解析:

插入语是一种独立成分,通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系,插入语大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释,通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,常置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。下面举例归纳插入语的几种用法。
例1:____the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A. General speaking
B. Speaking general
C. Generally speaking
D. Speaking generally
解析:本题答案为C.  generally speaking为分词短语,意思是“一般来说”,在句中用作插入语。
小结:许多分词短语可以用作插入语,这样的分词短语有:strictly speaking(严格地说),generally considering(一般认为),judging from……(根据……判断)等。
例2:Two middle-aged passengers fellin to the sea.____, neither of them could swim.
A. In fact
B. Luckily
C. Unfortunately
D. Naturally
解析:本题答案为C.  unfortunately为副词,意思是“令人遗憾地,不巧,可惜”,在句中用作插入语。
小结:常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有:indeed(的确),surely(无疑),however(然而),frankly(坦率地说),obviously(显然),naturally(天然地),luckily(happily)forsb.(算某人幸运),fortunately(幸好),strangely(奇怪),briefly(简单地说)等。
例3:Your performance in the driving test didn't reach the required standard, ____, you failed.
A. in the end
B. after all
C. in other words
D. at the same time
解析:本题答案为C.   in other words为介词短语,意思是“换句话说”,在句中用作插入语。
小结:常用作插入语的介词短语有:in conclusion(总之),in a word(简而言之),in short(简而言之),in general(一般说来),in a sense(在某种意义上),in my view(在我看来),in his opinion(按照他的看法),in fact(事实上),at first(首先),in addition(此外),of course(当然),to my surprise(使我惊奇的),to her regret(使她遗憾的),for example(例如)等。
例4:It is so nice to hear from her.____, we last met more than thirty years ago.
A.What's more
B. That is to say
C. In other words
D. Believe it or not 
解析:本题答案为D.  believe it or not为一分句,意思是“信不信由你”,在句中作插入语。
小结:用简短的句子结构作插入语,它们常置于句中或句末。这类简短的句子有:I am sure(我可以肯定地说),I believe(我相信),do you know(你知道吗),you see(你明白),I'm afraid(恐怕),it is said(据说),I suppose(我想),what's more(而且),what's worse(更糟糕的是),that is(也就是说),what is important(重要的是)等。
例5:____with you, I have no money to spare.
A. To be frank
B. What's more
C. In addition
D. However
解析:本题答案为A. to be frank为不定式短语,意思是“坦率地说”,在句中用作插入语。
小结:常用作插入语的不定式短语有:to be sure(无疑地),to sumup(概括地说),to tell the truth(老实说)等。
例6_____, he should have done such a thing.
A. Speakinggeneral
B. Strangetosay
C. Luckily
D. Ofcourse
解析:本题答案为B. strange to say为形容词短语,意思是“说也奇怪”,在句中用作插入语。
小结:常用作插入语的形容词或其短语有:true(真的),funny(真可笑),needless to say(不用说),mos timportant of all(最为重要),worse still(更糟糕的),even better(更好)等。


插入语的几种类型:

1)形容词(短语)作插入语:
能用作插入语的形容词(短语)常见的有:true,wonderful,excellent,strangetosay, mostimportantofall,sureenough等。 
如:True, it would be too bad. 真的,太糟了。 
        Wonderful, we have won again. 太好了,我们又赢了。 
2)副词(短语)作插入语: 
能用作插入语的副词(短语)有:indeed,surely,still,otherwise,certainly,however, generally,personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,though,besides,exactly, perhaps,maybe,probably,frankly,orrather等。 
如:When he got there, he found, however, that the weather was too bad. 可是到了那儿之后他发现,那儿的天气太坏了。 
        Otherwise, he would still be at home. 不然的话,他还会在家的。
3)介词短语作插入语: 
能用作插入语的介词短语有:in fact,in one's opinion,in general,in a word,in other words,in a few words,of course,by the way,as a result,for example,on the contrary,on the other hand,to one's surprise,in short,as a matter of fact, in conclusion,in brief等。 
如:You can't wait any more-in other words, you should start at once. 你不能再等了—换言之,你得立即出发。 
        On the contrary, we should streng then our cooperation with them. 相反,我们应该加强和他们的合作。
4)V-ing(短语)作插入语: 
能用作插入语的V-ing(短语)常见的有:generally speaking,strictly speaking,judging from by,talking of,considering等。 
如:Generally speaking, the weather there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. 一般来说,那儿的气候冬天不太冷,夏天不太热。 
        Judging by his clothes, he may be an artist. 从衣着来判断,他可能是个艺术家。
5)不定式短语作插入语: 
能用作插入语的不定式短语有:to be frank,to be honest,to be sure,to tell you the truth,to make matters worse,to sumup,to start with,to begin with等。 
如:To be frank, I don't quite agree with you. 坦率地说,我不太同意你的意见。 
        To tell you the truth, I'm not so interested in the matter. 跟你说实话,我对这件事情的兴趣不大。 
        To sumup, success results from hard work. 总而言之,成功是艰苦努力的结果。
6)句子(陈述句和一般疑问句)作插入语:
能用作插入语的句子有:I am sure,I believe,I think,I know,I suppose,I hope,I'm afraid,you see,what's more,that is to say,as we know,as I see,believe it or not等。 
如:Some animals only half-hibernate, that is to say, their sleep is not such a deep one. 有些动物只是半冬眠,就是说,它们的睡眠并不是深度睡眠。 
        I believe, China will catch up with the developed countries sooner or later. 我确信,中国迟早会赶上发达国家。 
        He can't pass the exam, because he doesn't study hard.
        What's more, he isn't so clever. 他不能通过这次考试,因为他学习不认真,更何况他又不太聪明。