I wanted to know a party this evening.[ ]A. if there was going to have,初中二年级,英语试题,there be 句型考点,宾语从句考点,好技网

单选题
I wanted to know a party this evening.
[ ]

A. if there was going to have
B. if there is going to be
C. if there was going to be

本题信息：2012年期中题英语单选题难度较难来源:张雪
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本试题 “I wanted to know a party this evening.[ ]A. if there was going to haveB. if there is going to beC. if there was going to be” 主要考查您对
there be 句型

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there be 句型
宾语从句

There be句型：
是一常见的表示“存在”的句型。该结构不表示“存在”意义的现象又广见于书面语及口语，它以否定句的形式出现，用于对某一具体行为和抽象概念的否定。
There在此结构中是引导词，已经没有副词“那里”的含义。
There be 后面的名词是句子的主语，属倒装结构；
1.There be 句型的否定句有两种构成方式，一种是将否定副词not放在be 之后，如：
There isn’t a box in the room.房间里没有盒子。
There aren’t any pens on the desk.课桌上没有钢笔。
There hasn’t been any rain for a week.一周没下雨了。
There won’t be a meeting today.今天没有会议。
另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no , 如：
There is no water in the bottle.瓶子里没有水。
There are no pictures on the wall.墙上没有图画。
There will be no one at home tomorrow morning.明天上午不会有人在家。
There might be no money left。或许没有剩下什么钱。

2.There be 句型的一般疑问句是将be 放在there 之前，回答时用yes或no，后接简单答语。如：
Is there a cake on the table?桌子上有块蛋糕吗？
Yes，there is. / No，there isn’t.是，有。/ 不，没有。
Will there be a party tonight？今晚有聚会吗？
Yes，there will./ No, there won’t是的，有。/ 不，没有。
Have there been any letters from your mother lately?近日你妈妈有信来吗？
Yes，there have./ No, there haven’t.是，有的。/ 不，没有。

3.There be 句型的特殊疑问句主要有how many和how much做引导词两种情况：
How many students are there in your school?你们学校有多少学生？
How much money is there in your pocket?你口袋里有多少钱?

4.There be 句型的反意疑问句
There is a cup on the table, isn’t there?桌子上有只杯子，是吗？
There is some orange in the glass, isn’t there?杯子里有桔汁，是吗?
There are a lot of letters in the mailbox, aren’t there?邮筒里有很多信件，是吗？
There will be a new hospital nearby, won’t there?附近要建一家新医院，是吗?

There be句型结构：
1、There be 句型中的be 应和其后出现的主语在数上一致，即“近主原则”，如：
There is a lamp on the table.
There are some apples in the bowl.
There are five books,two pens and a ruler in the school bag.
There is a ruler,two pens and five books in the school bag.

2、如果主语是复数名词，却表示一笔金额或一个总数或表达一个单个概念时，则仍用单数be形式，如：
There is five hundred dollars to pay.
There is still another 20 miles to drive.
There is duck and green vegetables for supper.

3、There be 中的be 有时可以是lie,stand,used to be,seem to be,appear to be 等，如：
There lies a river to the south.
There lived an old man in the small house.
There stood a temple near the river.
There used to be a castle at the foot of the hill.

4、There is(was)+no +动词ing结构相当于It is(was) impossible to +动词原形，如：
There is no going home. 回家是不可能了。
There is no living with him. 不能和他同住了。
There is no knowing what may happen. 不可能知道会发生什么事。

和have的比较：
1.区别点：there be 意为存在，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系；have 表示所有关系，强调某人或某地有某物，这是其基本用法。如：
There are some trees in front of the house.房前有些树。
Tom has many friends in China.汤姆在中国有许多朋友。
2.相同点：在表示结构上的含有时，既可以用there be 句型，也可以用have（has）来表示。如：
There are many long rivers in China./China has many long rivers.中国有许多长河。
How many days are there in March?/How many days has March?三月份有多少天？

注意:
There与be中间可插入一些表推测的情态动词、表时态的短语和一些动词短语
(如和将来时be going to will、现在完成时 havehas + pp. 、used to结构等连用，注意其构成形式)。
例如：
There must be a pen in the box.
There happened to be some money in my pocket.
There is going to be a meeting tonight.
There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.
There used to be a church across from the bank.

There be + 主语 + doing +介词短语. 例如：
There is a truck collecting rubish outside.
There is a wallet lying on the ground

There be结构中的be动词的确定：
1. there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is，是复数时用are。如：　　
   There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。　　
   There is some money in the purse. 钱包里有些钱。　　
2. 若句子中有几个并列的主语时，be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：　　
   There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house.
   房子里有一个男孩，一个女孩和两个妇女。　　
   There are ten students and a teacher in the office.
   办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。　　
3. 另外，在陈述句中为了强调地点，也可将介词短语提到句首。如：　　
   In the tree there are five birds. 树上有五只鸟。

There be结构时态：
1.There be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。
There is no harm in trying.不妨一试。
There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring.去年春天，山中有极美的野花。
There will be a fine day tomorrow.明天将是一个晴天。
There have been several private schools in our area this year.今年，我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。

2.There be 句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。
There may be a cigarette in that box.那只盒子里或许有支香烟。
There must be some cakes on the table.桌子上一定有些蛋糕。
There used to be a hospital there before the war.战前，那里曾经有家医院。

3.There be 句型也可以和这样一些的谓语动词连用：be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to ….
There seem to be a few trees between me and the green.在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。
There is gong to be a meeting tonight.今天晚上有个会议。
There is likely to be a storm.可能有一场暴雨。
There happened to be a bus nearby.碰巧附近有辆公交车。
There appears to have been a nasty accident.似乎发生了一起严重事故。

4.there be 结构中除可以用be 外，还可以用其它动词。例如：
There came a scent of lime-blossom.飘来一阵菩提树的花香。
Once upon a time there lived a king in China.从前中国有一个国王。
非谓语动词形式：
There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。
1. there being 结构起名词的作用，直接位于句首作主语，通常用it 作形式主语，并且用for引导。
There being a bus stop near my house is a great advantage.我家旁边有个公共汽车站，很是方便。
It is impossible for there to be any more.不可能再有了。

2. there be 结构作宾语时，通常用there to be ，常作这样一些词的宾语：
expect，like, mean, intend, want,prefer,hate等。
I expect there to be no argument about this.我期望关于这件事不要再争吵了。
I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs.我宁愿不要讨论我的私事。
People don’t want there to be another war.人们不希望再有战争了。
另外，作介词宾语时，如果是介词for，只能用“there to be”其它介词用“there being”
The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.老师在等着大家都安静下来。
I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me.我做梦也没想到我会有好机会。

3. 作状语的there be 形式，通常用“there being”结构。
There being nothing else to do ,we went home.因为没有其他事可做，我们就回家了。
They closed the door ,there being no customers.因为没有顾客，他们的店关门了。

宾语从句：
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
宾语从句连接代词主要有：
who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever 等。

宾语从句的特点:
1.宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
2.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
3.连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。
4.whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。
5.如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.

宾语从句的时态:
1.主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。
例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
4. 如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。

宾语从句的语序:
A. 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。　　
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. 　　
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B. 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。　　　
Bad: I thought that he could finish this　job in just two hours impossible. 　　
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.　
C. 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. 　　
Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
D. 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态。
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. 　　
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner

宾语从句的否定转移:
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等。
并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式。
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是?

宾语从句中引导词的用法比较
在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：
连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代词：who, whose, what ,which
副词：when ,where, how, why 等。

（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）
1.可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.

2.在以下情况中that不能省略
a.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。
例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
b.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。
例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
c.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。
例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.
d.注:许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。
例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.

（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
1.由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。
例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.

2.只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句
a.在带to的不定式前
例句：We decided whether to walk there.
b.在介词的后面
例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
c.在动词后面的宾语从句时
例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
d.直接与or not连用时
例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.

3.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
a.if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”
例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
b.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
c.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时
例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.

if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
a.if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if
b.少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.
c. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
d.在不定式前只能用whether.
（如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。）
e.避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.

（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
1.英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
2.英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。
例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

简化宾语从句常用六法：
方法一：
当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，
且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。
例如：
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.
→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him.
→We decided to help him.

方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，
且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
She has forgotten how she can open the window.
→She has forgotten how to open the window.
注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，
且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
Could you tell me how I can get to the station？
→Could you tell me how to get to the station？

方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，
如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.
→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：
He insisted that he should go with us.
→He insisted on going with us.
The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.
→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.
→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：
It seemed that the boys were going to win.
→The boys seemed to win.
除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：
I found that it was difficult to learn English well.
→I found it difficult to learn English well.
Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.
→Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.
They found that the box was very heavy.
→They found the box very heavy

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