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小学四年级英语

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  • 句型转换
    按要求改写句子。
    1. Can you play with me today? (改为肯定句)
    ____________________________________________________________
    2. I know you. (改为否定句)
    ____________________________________________________________
    3. This is an apartment. (改为一般疑问句)
    ____________________________________________________________
    4. I livein an apartment near the park. (就划线部分提问)
    ____________________________________________________________
    5. It's not far from my school. (写出同义句)
    ____________________________________________________________
    本题信息:2011年同步题英语句型转换难度一般 来源:李春伟
  • 本题答案
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本试题 “按要求改写句子。1. Can you play with me today? (改为肯定句)____________________________________________________________2. I know you. (改为否定句)_...” 主要考查您对

疑问副词

介词

肯定句

否定句

一般疑问句

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 疑问副词
  • 介词
  • 肯定句
  • 否定句
  • 一般疑问句
疑问副词:
用来引导特殊疑问句,表示时间,地点,方式,原因等,常见的有:when,where,how,why等。
分类:
时间副词:now, then, yesterday, always, already, soon
地点副词:here, home, upstairs, nowhere, above, near, beyond
方式副词:多数是形容词加上ly构成的,和一些well, fast, quick, slow, hard, alone, straight, wide
在加词尾ly时要注意:
(1)辅音+le:simple→simply, gentle→gently,
(2)以ic结尾的词:classic→classical但是public→publicly
(3)以辅音读音是[i]的y结尾的词:easy→easily
(4)特例:full→fully, whole→wholly, true→truly
程度副词,连接副词,关系副词
much, enough, quite, hardly, almost, deeply
疑问副词连接副词,关系副词:
how,who,where
疑问副词在句中的位置及用法举例:
由于疑问副词后接疑问句,因此这些副词一般都位于句首。例如:
How do you go to school? 你怎么去上学?
Why do you dislike the game? 为什么你不喜欢这个游戏?
疑问代词和疑问副词区别:
1. 疑问代词做对陈述句的主语,宾语或定语提问,即做句子的主语,宾语或定语, 如:
what, who/ whom, whose.
eg. Who is talking ?
What can you see?
Whose shirt is this?

2.疑问副词对时间,地点,方式等状语提问,如:
when, where, how 等.
eg. When is your birthday?
Where are you going?
How do you know?
介词:
是用来表示它后面的名词(代词)或起名词作用的短语、从句与句中其他成分之间的关系。
介词是英语中很活跃的词,一般置于名词之前。它常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。
同一个介词常和不同的词语搭配形成固定搭配,表示不同意义。

介词分类:
一、表示地点位置的介词
(1)at, in, on, to, for
          at 表示在小地方;表示“在……附近,旁边”。
          in 表示在大地方;表示“在……范围之内”。
          on 表示毗邻,接壤,“在……上面”。
          to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤;或“到……”。
(2)above, over, on 在……上
          above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与below相对;
          over 指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。
          on 表示某物体上面并与之接触。
          例:The bird is flying above my head. 小鸟在我的头上飞。
                  There is a bridge over the river. 在河上有一座桥。
                  He put his watch on the desk.他把他的表放在了桌子上。
(3)below, under在……下面
          under 表示在……正下方
          below 表示在……下,不一定在正下方
          例:There is a cat under the table. 桌子底下有一只猫。 
                  Please write your name below the line. 请在横线下写上你的名字。
(4)beside,behind beside 表示在……旁边
          behind 表示在……后面

二、表示时间的介词
(1)in,on,at在……时
          A、in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。
                 如:inthe1950s, in1989, insummer, inJanuary, inthemorning等。
          B、on 表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。
                如:on May 1st, on Monday, onNew Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。
          C、at 表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。
                如:at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of, at the age of, at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment等。
(2)after在……之后 “after+一段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后;
        “after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。

三、其它常用介词
(1)about关于,附近,大约,周围,随身.
          I have bought a book about Shakespearean. 我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。
          There are about fifteen trees in the picture. 大约有十五棵树在图片里。
(2)across横过,对面,交叉,在……的对面
          Can you swim across the river? 你能游过河吗?
          We live across the street. 我们住在街的对面。
(3)along沿着,顺着.
          They are walking along the river. 他们沿着河行走。
(4)by 被……,在……的近旁,在……之前,不迟于,以……为手段。
         The class room was cleaned by the students. 教室由学生们打扫干净了。
          Miss Lucy came to China by air. 露西小姐是乘飞机来中国的。
(5)for为……,因为……,至于……。
          He works for this company. 他为这家公司工作。
          She came back to the classroom for she had lef the books in the class room. 她返回到教室是因为把书留在了那里。
(6)from从……,来自……,因为……
          Where are you from? 你是哪里人?
          He diedf rom an accident. 他死于一场事故。
(7)of……的,属于……
          This is a map of  China.这是一张中国地图。
(8)with使用、和……在一起
          We write with a pen. 我们用笔写字。
          Can you go to the park with me? 你能和我一起去公园吗?
 注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如:We meet every day.


小学常见介词:
1.on
(1) 在------上面  The book is on the desk.
(2) 在------(哪一天/星期)What do you do on Wednesday?
(3) 在------(月、日)My birthday is on August 2nd.
2. in
(1)在------里面  The pens are in the pencil-box.
(2)在------(哪一年/月)His birthday is in October.
He worked here in 1992.
(3 ) 在------(地方) He works in Dongguan.
(4 ) 在------之内    What are you going to do in 20 years?
(5 ) 在------(早上、下午、晚上)
I do morning exercises in the morning every day.
I usually play basketball in the afternoon.
I often do my homework in the evening.
3. under
在------底下  There is a ball under the bed.
4. near
在------附近  There is a book shop near our school.
5. in front of
在------前面  A boy is standing in front of the house.
6. beside
在------旁边  A football is beside the door.
7. next to
紧挨着 There is a bus station next to No. 13 Middle School.
8. over
在------正上方 A bridge is over the river.
9. on the left
在------左边  The bookstore is on the left.
10. on the right
在------右边  The hospital is on the right.
11. before
在……之前  Mike sits before me.
12. after
在------以后  He went home after school.
13. in the middle
在------中间 The road is in the middle.
14.  at
(1) 在------(小地方) I am at school today. I was at home yesterday.
(2)  在------(点钟)  I usually go to school at 8:00 am.
(3)看一看   Look at the blackboard.
(4) 在中午  at noon
15.  behind
在------后面     There is a broom behind the door.
16.for
(1)给 This present is for you.
(2)为了 Thank you for telling me the way to the zoo.
(3)作为 We have some chips and hamburgers for lunch.
17.to
(1) 到  Take your sport shoes to the P.E class.
(2) 致 Happy birthday to you. Give it to your friend.
18. from
来自  I am from China. = I come from China.
19. from --- to
从------到------  Line up from shorter to taller.
We have class from Monday to Friday.
20. of
------的   He is a student of Kama School.
21. by
(1)在------之前   We must be at home by 6 o’clock.
(2)乘------交通工具  People can go to the moon by spaceship.
I go to school by bus.
22.with
(1) 用   I write a letter with a pen.
(2) 和------一起  He went to Shenzhen with his parents.
23. between
在------与------之间  There is a football match between Class One and Class Three.
24. into
到------里   Sharks can dive into the deep cold water.
25. like
(1)象------  The twins are like their father.
(2)长相------怎样? What’s he like?
26. up
向上   Put up your hands if you have any questions.
27. down
向下  Put down all the books here.
28.  about
(1) 大约;关于  It’s about 6:00 now.
(2) ------怎么样? What about---? How about---?
29. what for
为什么   But what for?


介词用法口诀:
早、午、晚要用inat黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in
将来时态in...以后,小处at大处in
有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in
特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in
介词atto表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。
日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,
收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、著论。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。
特定时日和"……"on后常接动名词。
年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前onin
步行、驴、马、玩笑oncabcarriage则用in
at
山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。
工具、和、同随with,具有、独立、就、原因。
……来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类know to man
this
thattomorrowyesterdaynextlastone
接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。
over
under正上下,abovebelow则不然,
若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。
beyond
超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反。
besides
except分内外,among之内along沿。
同类比较except,加for异类记心间。
原状because of, owing to due to表语形容词
under
后接修、建中,offrom物、化分。
before
after表一点, agolater表一段。
before
能接完成时,ago过去极有限。
since
以来during间,since时态多变换。
与之相比beside,除了last but one
复不定for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。
快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。
but for
否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。
ing
型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。
之后、关于、在......方面,有关介词须记全。
in
to外表位置,山、水、国界to在前。
对事物作出肯定判断的句子叫肯定句。
对事物作出否定判断的句子叫否定句。
结构:主语+谓语+其他 
例:Tom played football yesterday afternoon. 汤姆昨天下午打篮球了。 
         This is my bedroom. 这是我的卧室。
肯定句分类:
A、使用“是”字句,也叫判断句。 
B、使用一般的肯定句式。

肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的相互转换:
1、有am, is, are的句子,
就划线部分提问(变特殊疑问句)
This is a book.
第一步:变一般疑问句 Is this a book?
第二步:找合适的特殊疑问词 Is this what ?
第三步:特殊疑问词提前放到句首,并大写,其余按顺序照抄,省略划线部分。What is this?

2、没有am, is, are的句子,
肯定句变否定句:在主语后面加上do not或者does not,其余按顺序照抄动词用原形
肯定句变一般疑问句:在句首加do或者does并大写,其余照抄。注意:动词用原形
肯定句变特殊疑问句(就划线部分提问):分3步骤
第一步:先变一般疑问句
第二步:找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分
第三步:特殊疑问词提前放到句首,并大写,其余按顺序照抄,省略划线部分。
注意:一定先变一般疑问句。但是,如果问的是主语或主语的定语时,语序不变,为"特殊疑问词(+主语)+陈述句"。     

3、划线部分不能在特殊疑问句中出现。
非单三时用do,单三时用does
非单三:
肯定句:I like English.
 一般疑问句:Do you like English?
否定句:I do not like English.
单三 :
肯定句:He likes English.
一般疑问句:Does he like English?
否定句:He does not like English.
就划线部分提问:
I like English.
第一步:先变一般疑问句 Do you like English?
第二步:找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分Do you like what?
第三步:特殊疑问词提前放到句首,并大写,其余按顺序照抄,省略划线部分。What do you like?

4、特殊:
①some变为any。如:
There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree.
但是,若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中,some可以不变。如:
Would you like some orange juice?
与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。
②and变为or。如:
I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler.
③a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如:
They have a lot of friends.(可数名词)→They don't have many friends.
There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可数名词)
→There isn't much orange in the bottle.
④already变为yet。如:
I have been there already.→I haven't been there yet.


肯定句的组织结构:
主系表:eg:I'm a girl.
主谓宾:She write a leter to him.
1.主语+系动词(be)+表语                      
2.主语+call +宾语+宾语补足语                      
3.主语+name +宾语+宾语补足语
4.主语+is called +宾语补足语
5.主语+is named +宾语
6.主语+regard +宾语+as +宾语被足语
7.主语+be +no (none)+other than (but)+表语
8.主语+be +nothing +else but (but,else than,less than)+表语
9.It is (was)+强调部分+that (who)+从句
10.主语+感觉动词+表语
11.主句+as if (as though)+从句
12.主语+be +said to be (so-called)+表语
13.主语+be,it is said,+表语
14.So far from being +表语,主语+谓语+其它
15.主语+be +more +表语+than +表语
16.主语+be +less +表语+than +表语
17.主语+be +表语+rather than +表语
18.主语+be +not so much +表语+as 表语
19.主语+be +either +表语+or +表语
20.Either +主语+or +主语+be +表语
否定句:
表示否定的句子。必须有否定词。
否定句的构成形式:
a. 谓语为be动词时,“be+not "一名学生。
b. 谓语为实义动词而且没有情态动词和助动词时,“do/ does/ did+not"构成否定。 
例:I do not like dancing. 我不喜欢跳舞。 
      He does not want to go to school. 他不想去上学。
c. 谓语为“情态动词+实义动词”时,“情态动词+not”构成否定。 
例:You must not smoke. 你千万不要吸烟。 
       I can not catch it. 我抓不住它。
否定句在英语语法中可以分为九类:
(1)一般否定句
I don't know this. No news is good news.
There is no person(smoking)/not a person/not any person(smoking)in the house.
(2)特指否定
He went to his office, not to see him.
I am sorry for not coming on time.
I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.
(3)部分否定
All the answers are not right
All is not gold that glitters
I don't know all of them.
I can't see everybody/everything.
Both of them are not right.
(4)全体否定
None of my friends smoke.
I can see nothing/nobody.
Neither of them is right.
Nothing can be so simple as this.
(5)延续否定
You didn't see him, neither/nor did I.
You don't know, I don't know either.
He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of(更不用说)French.
(6)半否定句
We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.
I know little English. I saw few people.
(7)双重否定
You can't make something out of nothing.
What's done cannot be undone.
There is no sweet without sweat.
No gain without pains.
I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.
No man is so old but(that)he can learn.
(8)排除否定
Everyone is ready except you.
He did nothing but play.
But for your help, I couldn't do it.
(9)加强否定
I won't do it at all.
I can't see it any more.
He is no longer a boy.

否定转移的形式与用法:
一、动词的否定转移
1.形式上否定主句的谓语,实际上是否定从句的谓语
当动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”的主语是第一人称,谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时,它们的否定式实际上是对宾语从句的否定。
表示说话者提出一种委婉的看法或主张。如:
I think that he will help us.——I don’t think that he will help us. 我认为它不会帮助我们。
I believe that he is right.——I don’t believe that he is right. 我认为他不对。
I suppose that he likes it.——I don’t suppose that he likes it. 我想他不喜欢它。

2. 形式上否定谓语动词,实际上否定复合宾语
当动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”、“find”的主语是第一人称,谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时,它们前面的否定式实际上是对复合宾语的否定。表示说话者所提出的一种委婉的看法或主张。如:
I think math difficult. — I don’t think math difficult. 我认为数学不难。
I find the story interesting. — I don’t find the story interesting. 我认为这个故事没有趣。
I expect so. —I don’t expect so. 我认为不会。

二、动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”在下列情况下,否定不转移:
1.这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时,否定不转移。如:
I believe and hope he won’t do that. 我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。
I feel and admit that we are not foolish. 我觉得并且也承认我们并不愚蠢。

2.用于疑问句时,否定不转移。如:
Do you think it is not going to rain? 你认为天不会下雨吗?
Don’t you believe that he has done a good thing? 难道你不相信他做了一件好事?

3.用作插入语时,否定不转移。如:
Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you. 我想李蕾不会生你的气。
Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it. 我猜想汤姆不会反对。
Mike, I believe, hasn’t seen the film. 我认为迈克没有看这场电影。

4.动词前有其他副词修饰时,否定不转移。如:
I really don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now. 我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。
I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing. 我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。

5.动词为非一般现在时或主语不是第一人称时,否定不转移。
I thought that he wouldn’t come back soon. 我原以为他不会回来得这么快。
She didn’t believe that he became a good boy. 她不相信它变成了一个好孩子。
He thinks that he isn’t fit for the job. 他认为他不适合这件工作。
He doesn’t believe that what we told him is true. 他不相信我们告诉他的事是真的。

6.当宾语从句中含的否定为“not……at all”、“not a little”、“not a few”、“not enough”、“can’t help”等固定搭配时,否定不转移。如:
I think that he doesn’t know it at all. 我想他对那一点也不知道。
I suppose that it is not enough to remember the words if you want to learn the language well. 我认为如果你想把这门语言学好,那么只记单词是不够的。
I believe that you can’t help singing our national anthem when you win the first place in the Olympic Games. 我相信当你在奥运会上获得第一名时你会情不自禁地唱起国歌来。

7.当宾语从句中含“no”、“nothing”、“nobody”、“nowhere”、“hardly”、“seldom”、“little”、“few”等否定词或半否词时,否定不转移。如:
I believe that nothing can make me give it up. 我想任何事情也不能使我放弃。
I think that no one can escape if the ship sinks in the sea. 我认为如果这艘船沉入海底的话,那么谁也逃不掉。
I suppose that he is a man of few words. 我猜想他是一个言语不多的人。


一般疑问句:
是疑问句的一种。它是以be动词,have或助动词、情态动词开头,用yes(是)或no(否)来回答的句子。
其结构是:系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分
一般疑问句的肯定形式为:
助动词+主语(+实义动词)。肯定答语用“yes+可定结构”。 
一般疑问句的否定形式为:
助动词构成的缩写否定词+主语(+实义动词)。否定答语用“no+否定结构”。
例:
— Do you like this story-book? 你喜欢这本故事书吗? 
— Yes, I do. 喜欢。/ No, I don’t. 不喜欢。 
— Is he a student? 他是一名学生吗?
— Yes, he is. 是,他是。/ No, he isn’t. 不,他不是。

一般疑问句的改写:
一、含有be动词的一般疑问句,通常把be动词调到句首。例如:
陈述句:They are in the swimming pool.
一般疑问句:Are they in the swimming pool?
注意:一般疑问句句末要用“?”。

二、含有情态动词的一般疑问句(can, may...),把情态动词调到句首。例如:
陈述句:He can drive a car.
一般疑问句: Can he drive a car?

三、含有have的一般疑问句,have译为“有”。一般疑问句式有两种形式:
1.把have/has调到句首。例如:
陈述句:Tommy has a computer.
一般疑问句:Has Tommy/he a computer?
2.加助动词do/does,第三人称单数用does,其他人称用do。其句型为:Do/Does + 主语 + have...?
例如上句可变为: Does Tommy have a computer?

四、一般动词的一般疑问句,也要借助助动词do/does,第三人称单数用does,其余人称用do。
其句型为:Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形+其它?
陈述句:Amy speaks English.
一般疑问句:Does Amy speak English?

一般疑问句的回答:
首先要有人称的改变。当主语为名词时,在答语中要改成其相应的代词。
另外,答语有两种,肯定的回答(用yes)和否定的回答(用no),否定式常用缩写形式。
现在还是让我们分句型一一说明。

一、一般疑问句含be动词时,用be动词回答,句末用句号。例如:
-Is Mary your sister?
-Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.(缩写)

二、一般疑问句含有情态动词(can, may, should等)时,用情态动词回答。例如:
-May I come in?
-Yes, you may. / No, you can’t.

三、一般疑问句含有have(译为“有”)时,有两种回答方式。
1.直接用have/has回答。
例如:
-Have they any pictures?
-Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
2.用助动词do/does回答。
例如:
-Does Millie smoke?
-Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.

四、一般动词的一般疑问句回答时也用助动词。
例如:
-Do the workers live in London?
-Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.