本试题 “Mother asked John _____ with his toy car.A. what the matter wasB. what was the matterC. what the matter isD. what is the matter” 主要考查您对一般过去时
宾语从句
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
一般过去时的概念:
一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
一般过去时的用法:
1、表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去时间的副词如:yesterday,last week,two hours ago等连用。
如:My family moved here five years ago. 我家五年前搬到了这里。
I was born in 1973. 我生于1973年。
2、表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作。这时可与频度副词如:often,usually,always等连用。
如:He always worked in tonight those days. 那些日子他总是工作到深夜。
I often left on business in 1987. 1987年我经常出差。
注:表示“过去经常,而今不再”时,要用usedto.
如:I used to read newspaper after breakfast. 我过去经常早饭后看报纸。(意指现在已不是这样)
The children often swam in this river. 孩子们过去经常在这条河里游泳。
3、表示过去发生的一连串动作。
如:He put down the heavy box, took out the keys, and opened the door. 他放下这沉重的箱子,掏出钥匙开了房门。
注:过去发生的一连串动作,若用and,or,but等并列连词连接,则一律用过去式。
如:They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper. 他们把椅子搬到桌边,坐下开始吃饭。
4、在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
如:He said that he would let me know as soon as he got the information. 他说他一得到消息就立即让我知道。
Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained. 玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。
一般过去时的特别用法:
1、句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。
例如:It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb.did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"。
例如:It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
2、would(had)rather sb.did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。
例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow. 还是明天来吧。
3、wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意:用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend等。
例如:Did you want any thing else? 您还要些什么吗?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2)情态动词could, would。
例如:Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?
宾语从句的概念:
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词(afraid, sure, glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
宾语从句的用法:
1、宾语从句的引导词:
宾语从句通常由连词that和whether(if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导:
如:We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。
I don't know whether he'll arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。
I don't know who(m) you mean. 我不知道你指谁。
He asked why he had to go alone. 他问他为什么必须一个人去。
Please tell me which you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。
She has got what she wanted. 她要的东西得到了。
注:有时介词后可接跟一个宾语从句(但介词后通常不接that和if引导的宾语从句):
如:From what you say, he is right. 根据你所说的,他是对的。
有极个别介词(如but,except)可接that引导的宾语从句:
如:She remembered nothing about him except that his hair was black. 她对他什么都不记得,只记得他的头发是黑的。
2、宾语从句与形式宾语it:
当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时,通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语从句移至句末:
如:I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。
He hasn't made it known when he is going to get married. 他还没宣布他何时结婚。
3、连词that的省略问题:
引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略:
如:She said(that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。
I promise you(that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去。
注:有时为了强调,that引导的宾语从句可位于句首,此时that不可省略:
如:That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘,我是知道的。
4、宾语从句与否定转移当动词think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时,其否定通常转移到主语:
如:I don't suppose that it is true. 我认为那不是真的。
I don't imagine that he will come. 我想他不会
使用宾语从句特别注意:
一、宾语从句的语序:
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。
如:I don't know what they are looking for.
Could you tell me when the train will leave?
Can you imagine what kind of man he is?
二、宾语从句的时态:
主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
句:She was sorry that she hadn't finished her work on time.
当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
如:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
三、宾语从句的特点:
宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成份,多数情况下可以省略。whether和if都可引导宾语从句,但whether后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it.
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