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高中三年级英语

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  • 单选题
    — The driver was not ____ for the traffic accident, was he'?
    — _____. It was the pedestrian's fault.
    [     ]

    A. blamed; Yes
    B. to blame; No
    C. blame; Yes
    D. blaming ;No
    本题信息:2012年天津月考题英语单选题难度一般 来源:姜雪
  • 本题答案
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本试题 “— The driver was not ____ for the traffic accident, was he'?— _____. It was the pedestrian's fault.[ ]A. blamed; YesB. to blame; NoC. blame; YesD. ...” 主要考查您对

不定式

反意疑问句

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 不定式
  • 反意疑问句

动词不定式的概念:

动词不定式指由to加上动词原形(而且只能是动词原形)所构成的一种非限定性动词,但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、
表语、定语和状语。


不定式的特殊句型对比:

1、不定式的特殊句型too…to…:
1)too…to 太…以至于…。
例如:He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了,说不出话来。  
        —Can I help you? 需要我帮忙吗?
        —Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carryi t, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重,恐怕你搬不动。谢谢。
2)如在too前有否定词,则整个句子用否定词表达肯定,too后那个词表达一种委婉含义,意为“不太”。
例如:It's never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。(谚语) 
3)当too前面有only, all, but时,意思是:非常…等于very。
例如:I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 能帮助你我非常高兴。 
            He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
2、不定式的特殊句型so as to:
1)表示目的:它的否定式是so as not to do。
例如:Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job. 汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。   
            Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 轻点进去,别惊醒了婴儿。
2)表示结果:
例如:Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾,现在几点了。
3、不定式的特殊句型:Why not:
“Whynot+动词原形”表达向某人提出建议,翻译为:为什么不……?   干吗不……?
例如:Why not take a holiday?


不定式的用法:

1、不定式作补语:
1)有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。
例如:advise allow cause challenge command compel drive驱使
enable encourage forbid force impel induce instruct invite like/love order permit make let have want get warn persuade request send tell train urge 等。
例如:Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。      
            The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。
注意:有些动词如make,have,get,want等可用不定式作做宾补,也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动。
2)有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构,不定式的动词往往是be,不定式一般可以省去。
例如:consider find believe think declare(声称) appoint guess fancy(设想) guess judge imagine know 等。
例如:We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。 
            We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。(tobe不能省去)
典型例题:Charles Babbage is generally considered___the first computer.
                    A. to invent 
                    B. inventing 
                    C. to have invented 
                    D. having invented 
答案:C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构,也没有consider+宾语+doing的结构,排除A、B、D。consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时,一般要求用不定式的完成式,故选C。 3)有些动词可以跟there+to be的结构。例如:believe expect intend like love mean prefer want wish understand 等。
例如:We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
            You wouldn't want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。
2、不定式作主语:
不定式作主语,往往用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。 
例如:It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。
            It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。 
            It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。 
            It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。
3、不定式作表语:
不定式可放在be动词后面,形成表语。
例如:My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。  
            His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。
4、不定式作定语:
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后,往往表示未发生的动作。
例如:I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。   
            There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上(他回家时)两手空空。
5、不定式作状语:
1)目的状语:常用结构为to do,only to do(仅仅为了), in order to do,so as to do,so(such)...asto…(如此…以便…)。
例如:He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。  
            I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2)作结果状语,可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果,不定式要放在句子后面。
例如:I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。  
            He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间,没发现什么。
3)表原因:
例如:I'm glad to see you.  见到你很高兴。
            She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。
4)表示理由和条件:
例如:He must be a fool to say so.
            You will do well to speak more carefully.
            You will do well to speak more carefully.


不定式知识体系:

 


不定式用法拓展:

1、用作介词的to:
to可以用作介词,也可用作不定式的标示。下面的to都用作介词:admit to  object to  beaccus to  med to  beused to  stick to  turn to开始 look forward to  be devoted to  pay attention to  contribute to apologize to devote oneself to

2、省去to的动词不定式:
1)情态动词(除ought外)后。
2)使役动词let,have,make后,感官动词see, watch, lookat, notice, observe, hear, listento, smell, feel, find等后。
注意:被动语态中不能省去to。
例如:I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。=He was seen to dance.  
           The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night.
3)would rather,had better句型后:
4)Why…/why not…句型后:
5)help后可带to,也可不带to, help sb(to)do sth:
6)but和except后:
but前是实义动词do时,后面出现的不定式不带to。
比较:He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。  
            He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药,他什么都信。
7)由and, or和than连接的两个不定式,第二个to可以省去:
8)通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时,可以省去to be。
例如:He is supposed(to be)nice. 他应该是个好人。

3、动词不定式的否定式在不定式标志to前加上not。
例如:Tell him not to shut the window。让他别关窗。 
            She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候,她假装没看见。
4、It's for sb. 和It's of sb. 这样的句子中,由于表语形容词性质的不同,导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。
1)for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:
例如:It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2)of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格,品德,心智能力,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
例如:It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。用for还是用of的另一种辨别方法:用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果通顺用of,不通则用for。
例如:You are nice.(通顺,所以应用of)。  
            He is hard.(非所表达的意思,不通,因此用for。)


反意疑问句的概念:

表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。
反意疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
1、陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式,可记为前肯后否。
2、陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式,可记为前否后肯。
例如:This pencil is red, isn't it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
            This pencil isn't red, is it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.


反意疑问句类型:

1)陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用aren't I.
如:I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I?
2)陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may+主语。
如:I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3)陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。
如:The Swede made no answer, did he/she?
        Some plants never blown(开花), do they?
4)含有oughtto的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't/oughtn't+主语。
如:He ought to know what to do,oughtn't he?/shouldn't he?
5)陈述部分有have to+v.(had to+v.),疑问部分常用don't+主语(didn't+主语)。
如:We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6)陈述部分的谓语是usedto时,疑问部分用didn't+主语或usedn't+主语。
如:He used to take pictures there, didn't he?/usedn't he?
7)陈述部分有had better+v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
如:You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8)陈述部分有would rather+v.,疑问部分多用wouldn't+主语。
如:He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9)陈述部分有You'd like to+v.疑问部分用wouldn't+主语。
如:You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10)陈述部分有must的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
如:He must be a doctor, isn't he?
        You must have studied English for three years, haven't you?/didn't you?
        He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?


反意疑问句用法总结:

陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分
I' aren’t I
wish may + 主语
no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词 肯定含义
ought to(肯定的) shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语
have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主语(didn't +主语)
used to didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语
had better + v. hadn't you
would rather + v. wouldn't +主语
you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主语
must 根据实际情况而定
感叹句中 be +主语
neither…nor, either…or 连接的并列主语 根据其实际逻辑意义而定
指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this 主语用it
并列复合句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句 根据主句的谓语而定
think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句
everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one 复数they, 单数he

情态动词dareneed  dare, need 为实义动词

need (dare ) +主语

do +主语

省去主语的祈使句 Let's 开头的祈使句

will youshall we?
will you?

there be 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词)
否定前缀不能视为否定词 仍用否定形式
must"推测" 根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句

反意疑问句特殊用法点拨:

1、感叹句中,疑问部分用be+主语。
如:What colours, aren't they?
        What a smell, isn't it?
2、陈述部分由neither...nor, either...or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
如:Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
3、陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this,疑问部分主语用it。
如:Everything is ready, isn't it?
4、陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:
a.并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
如:Mr. Smith had been to Bei jing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b.带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。
如:He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
        He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c.上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
如:I don't think he is bright, is he?
       We believe she can do it better, can't she?
5、陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, noone等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。
如:Everyone knows the answer, don't they?(doeshe?)
        Nobody knows about it, do they?(doeshe?)
6、带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用need(dare)+主语。
如:We need not do it again, need we?
        He dare not say so,dare you?   当dare, need为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do+主语。
如:She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
7、省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。
如:Don't do that again, will you?
        Go with me, will you/won't you? 注意:Let's开头的祈使句,后用shall we? Let us开头的祈使句,后用will you?
如:Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
        Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you?
8、陈述部分是"therebe"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
如:There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
        There will not be any trouble, will there?
9、否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
如:It is impossible, isn't it?
        He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
10、must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
如:He must be there now, isn't he?
        It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?


反意疑问句知识体系:

 


复合句的反意疑问句:

1、当陈述部分是一个(带that引导宾语从句的)主从复合句时,附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。但是,当陈述部分的主语是:I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等结构时,附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语,谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意到否定的转移问题。
如:I think there is something wrong with the washer, isn't there?
       We don't suppose he cares, does he?
2、当陈述部分是I'm sure that;we are sure;I'm afraid that;We are sure that;I feel sure that等后面跟宾语从句时,反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。
3、当陈述部分是并列句时,附加疑问句的主谓语要和离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。
如:We must redouble our efforts, or we'll not be able to catch up with the others, will we?