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  • 阅读理解
    阅读理解。
    No one wants to be tested.We would all like to get a driver' s license without answering questions
    about rights of way or showing that we can parallel park a car. Many future lawyers and doctors probably
    wish they could join their profession without taking an exam.
    But tests and standards are a necessary fact of life. They protect us from unskilled drivers, harmful
    products and dishonest professionals. In schools too exams play a.constructive role. They tell public officials
    whether new school programs are making a difference and where new investments are likely to pay off.
    They tell teachers what their students have learned--and have not. They tell parents how their children are
    doing compared with others their age. They encourage students to make more effort.
    It is important to recall that for most of century, educators used intelligence tests to decide which
    children should get a high-quality education.The point of IQ testing was to find out how much children were
    capable of learning rather than to test what they had actually learned. Based on IQ scores, millions of children
    were assigned to dumbed-down programsinstead of solid courses in science, math, history, literature and
    foreign language.
    This history reminds us that tests should be used to improve education. Every child should have access
    to a high-quality education.Students should have full opportunity to learn what will be tested; otherwise their
    scores will merely reflect whether they come from an educated family.
    In the past few years, we have seen the enormous benefits that flow to disadvantaged students because
    of the information provided by state tests.Those who fall behind are now getting extra instruction in
    after-school classes and summer programs.In their efforts to improve student performance, states are
    increasing teachers salaries, testing new teachers and insisting on better teacher education.
    Performance in education means the mastery of both knowledge and skills. This is why it is reasonable to
    test teachers to make sure they know their subject matter, as well as how to teach it to young children. And
    this is why it is reasonable to assess whether students are ready to advance to the next grade or graduate
    from highschool.
    1. According to the passage, school exams enable ______.
    A. governments to make right policies
    B. students to meet their teachers' requirements
    C. teachers to understand if their students have made efforts
    D. parents to compare their kids' achievements across schools
    2. "Dumbed-down programs" in Paragraph 3 refer to the programs which _____.
    A. lead to high-quality education
    B. are less academically challenging
    C. are intended for intelligent students
    D. enable children to make steady progress
    3. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?
    A. Disadvantaged students can benefit from state tests.
    B. Tests should focus on what students have actually learned.
    C. Intelligent tests decide if children should get a high-quality education.
    D. Intelligent tests are helpful in separating excellent students from poor ones.
    4. What is the purpose of the passage?
    A. To re-assess the value of IQ testing.
    B. To defend the role of testing in education.
    C. To explain what high-quality education means.
    D. To call for thorough and complete reform in education.
    本题信息：2011年河南省模拟题英语阅读理解难度较难 来源:姜雪
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科教类阅读

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 科教类阅读

科教类阅读的概念：

科教类阅读主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力。试题的取材，密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科技等方面的变化，有关数据的来源真实可信。


科教类文章阅读技巧：

一、材料特点：

这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下几个特点：　
1、文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。　
2、句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。　
3、常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。

二、命题特点：

科普类阅读的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。

三、应对策略：

1、要想做好科普英语阅读理解题，同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇，从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。
2、要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题(Head line)，导语(Introduction)，背景(Back ground)，主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根据历年的高考情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题，而要同学们选择标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。　　
3、在进行推理判断时，同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。


科普类阅读应试策略：

【命题趋势】
阅读理解题主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力。试题的取材，密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科技等方面的变化，有关数据的来源真实可信。因此科普知识类文章是每年的必考题。分析历年的科普类文章我们不难发现以下特点：
1、文章逻辑性强，条理清楚，语法结构简单，用语通俗。
2、文章内容注重科技领域的新发现。内容新颖，从而使文章显得陌生，内容抽象复杂。
3、命题方面注意对具体细节的准确理解和以之为依据的推理判断。
4、以人们的日常行为或饮食健康入手，探讨利弊，诠释过程，阐述概念。
【应试对策】
许多考生在考试时感到困惑的是：为什么一些没有超越中学语法和词汇范围的篇章，读起来却不能正确理解，或者要花费很多时间才能读懂呢？这种现象的产生与阅读方法有很大的关系。例如，有的考生在考试时一见到文章就立刻开始读，结果读了半天，还不知道短文讲的是什么，试题要求了些什么，结果浪费了大量的时间，而阅读效果并不好。那么，怎样读效果才好呢？任何一种阅读方法或技巧的使用，都是由篇章特点和试题本身的要求决定的，应根据不同的体裁和试题要求采取不同的策略。
1、浏览。浏览的主要目的就是确定文章的体裁。如果文章属于人物传记、记叙文、故事、科普小品和有关社会文化、文史知识的文章，一般来说，应该先看看文章的试题考查内容，对题目类型做到心中有数，针对不同问题，在通读时有粗有细地去阅读，这样不仅能把握篇章的基本结构和逻辑线索，也能做好有关具体事实信息考查的试题。
2、挖掘寓意，掌握中心思想，推出结论。任何文章，作者在行文时都有一定的写作目的和主要话题。在通读篇章时应该吃透作者的写作意图，抓住文章的主题句，充分发挥自己的想象力和概括力，作出对中心思想的归纳和结论的推断。
3、把握篇章结构，利用上下文进行推测。高考中的阅读理解篇章往往是一个较完整的短文，其结构、思想，前后上下连贯统一。考试时应充分利用这一特点推测一些生词、短语在句中的含义，切莫盲目孤立猜测。
4、综观全篇，前后呼应。这是阅读理解的最后一步，在做完阅读理解题后，要立足于文章整体，再迅速读一遍短文，短文中的问题和答案的设置前后都是相关联的，有着一定的连续性，体现着文章的基本脉络。


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