特殊疑问句的概念：

就句中某一部分进行提问的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句的基本结构是“疑问词+一般疑问句”，其回答应当是具体的。特殊疑问句句末一般用降调。
例如：How do I get there? 
            Why not? 
            What about the sports news?

特殊疑问句的使用：

1、特殊疑问句的概念： 所谓特殊疑问句就是指以疑问词开头的疑问句。
如：What are you laughing at? 你们笑什么? 句中的what就是疑问词，它的意思是“什么”。
英语中的疑问词不多，常见的有what, who, whose, when, where, why, how等；
以how开头的how many, how much, how old等，以及以what开头的what colour, what year, what class等，也都可视为疑问句。
如：How many do you need? 你们需要多少?
        What colour are your curtains? 你的窗帘是什么颜色的?
2、特殊疑问句的两种句型：
特殊疑问句有两种句型结构，一种是“疑问词+一般疑问句”。
如：When did you see him? 你什么时候见到他的？
        Why are you late again? 你怎么又迟到了。
第一句中的when为疑问词，其后的did you see him为一般疑问句形式；
第二句中的why为疑问词，are you late again是一个一般疑问句。
另一种是“疑问词+陈述句语序”，此时的疑问词在句中用作主语，或是修饰主语。
如：Who can answer this question? 谁能回答这个问题?
        Which book is more cheap? 哪本书更便宜些？
第一句中的who为疑问词，在句中用作主语，整个句子为陈述句词序；
第二句中的which为疑问词，在句中修饰主语book，整个句子也是陈述句词序。
3、特殊疑问句的回答：
特殊疑问句与一般疑问句不同，它不能直接用Yes或No来回答，而应根据具体情况作出相应的回答。
如：—Who sings best? 谁唱得最好?
        —(误)Yes, he does.
        —(正)Tom does. 汤姆唱得最好。
4、特殊疑问句的省略形式：
特殊疑问句有时可用省略形式，尤其是省略与前面相同的句子结构。
如：—He won't come.    他不来了。
        —Why?  为什么?
        —There's someone coming. 有人要来。
        —Who?  谁?
有些省略形式已成为约定成俗的固定表达，请大家要引起注意噢！
如：Why not use both? 为什么不两者都用?
        What about having a rest? 休息一会儿怎么样？
        Why not…后接动词原形，表示建议，意为“为什么不……呢”；
        What about…后接名词或动名词，也表示建议，意为“……怎么样”。

使用特殊疑问句特别提示：

1、疑问词的选用：
特殊疑问句是以what, who, when, where, how等开头的疑问句。这些表示疑问的词叫做疑问词。当然提问的内容的不同，我们使用的疑问词也不同。问物或做什么事用what，问电话号码也用what；问人的用who；问谁的用whose；问哪里用where；问何时用when；问年龄用how old；问身高用how tall；问颜色用what colour等。
例如：—What colour is your sweater? 你的毛衣是什么颜色的？
            —It's blue.  蓝色。
            —Whereisyourfather? 你的爸爸在哪？
            —He's in the kitchen.  他在厨房。
2、语序：
想知道对方是谁，汉语中可问“你是谁？”译成英语时语序变了，成了“Who are you?”而不能是“You are who?”所以，在英语中，我们特殊疑问句一般用倒装的语序，即用“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句的语序”构成。
小贴士：如果疑问词在句中作主语，则其后直接跟动词，语序不变。
例如：Who is going to the park tomorrow? 明天谁要去公园？
3、回答：
回答一般疑问句用yes和no来回答。但回答我们特殊疑问句时不可以用yes或no来回答，而应根据所提问的内容直接做出回答。
例如：—How tall are you? 你多高？
            —I'm 1.7 meters tall. 我1.7米高。 
            —How is your brother? 你弟弟好吗？
            —He's fine. 他很好。
            —Thanks   谢谢。
小贴士：问句中的名词在答语中常用代词来代替，如上句中的yourbrother由he来代替。一般来说，this和that指物常用it来代替；these和those指物或人时可以用they代替。
如：What's this? It's a book.
        What are these? They are books.
4、语调：
一般疑问句在朗读时应用升调，选择疑问句先升后降，而我们特殊疑问句在朗读时则用降调。

反意疑问句的概念：

表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。
反意疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
1、陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式，可记为前肯后否。
2、陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式，可记为前否后肯。
例如：This pencil is red, isn't it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
            This pencil isn't red, is it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.

反意疑问句类型：

1）陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用aren't I.
如：I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I?
2）陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may+主语。
如：I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3）陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
如：The Swede made no answer, did he/she?
        Some plants never blown(开花), do they?
4）含有oughtto的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't/oughtn't+主语。
如：He ought to know what to do,oughtn't he?/shouldn't he?
5）陈述部分有have to+v.(had to+v.)，疑问部分常用don't+主语（didn't+主语）。
如：We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6）陈述部分的谓语是usedto时，疑问部分用didn't+主语或usedn't+主语。
如：He used to take pictures there, didn't he?/usedn't he?
7）陈述部分有had better+v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
如：You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8）陈述部分有would rather+v.，疑问部分多用wouldn't+主语。
如：He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9）陈述部分有You'd like to+v.疑问部分用wouldn't+主语。
如：You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10）陈述部分有must的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
如：He must be a doctor, isn't he?
        You must have studied English for three years, haven't you?/didn't you?
        He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?

反意疑问句用法总结：

反意疑问句特殊用法点拨：

1、感叹句中，疑问部分用be+主语。
如：What colours, aren't they?
        What a smell, isn't it?
2、陈述部分由neither...nor, either...or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
如：Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
3、陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this，疑问部分主语用it。
如：Everything is ready, isn't it?
4、陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：
a.并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
如：Mr. Smith had been to Bei jing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b.带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。
如：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
        He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c.上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
如：I don't think he is bright, is he?
       We believe she can do it better, can't she?
5、陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, noone等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。
如：Everyone knows the answer, don't they?(doeshe?)
        Nobody knows about it, do they?(doeshe?)
6、带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用need(dare)+主语。
如：We need not do it again, need we?
        He dare not say so,dare you?   当dare, need为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do+主语。
如：She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
7、省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
如：Don't do that again, will you?
        Go with me, will you/won't you? 注意：Let's开头的祈使句，后用shall we? Let us开头的祈使句，后用will you?
如：Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
        Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you?
8、陈述部分是"therebe"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
如：There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
        There will not be any trouble, will there?
9、否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
如：It is impossible, isn't it?
        He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
10、must在表"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
如：He must be there now, isn't he?
        It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?

反意疑问句知识体系：

复合句的反意疑问句：

1、当陈述部分是一个（带that引导宾语从句的）主从复合句时，附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。但是，当陈述部分的主语是：I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等结构时，附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语，谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意到否定的转移问题。
如：I think there is something wrong with the washer, isn't there?
       We don't suppose he cares, does he?
2、当陈述部分是I'm sure that；we are sure；I'm afraid that；We are sure that；I feel sure that等后面跟宾语从句时，反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。
3、当陈述部分是并列句时，附加疑问句的主谓语要和离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。
如：We must redouble our efforts, or we'll not be able to catch up with the others, will we?