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  • 阅读理解
    阅读下面短文，根据所读内容，在文章后小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
    Blood donation, also called blood banking, is a wonderful thing to do. It is an easy and direct way of making a contribution to social work and having a big effect on the community. It helps to save lives and helps those who are in need of blood because of bad conditions or the heavy loss of blood during operations or in accidents.

    You are able to give or donate blood every three or four months. The doctors say it is not bad for your health. It is such a beautiful way of making a huge difference to someone’s life and you can always be proud of it if you make a valuable contribution to society. Blood donation is not a big problem, but you need to keep a few points in mind.
    Before donating blood, make sure that the ferrum(铁) level in your body is high enough and for that you should take a healthy diet. Do not go for blood donation with an empty stomach. You should follow the correct process so that everything goes well. After having a balanced diet you will feel strong and comfortable to donate blood. You will not feel weak at the same time.
    For required hemoglobin(血红蛋白) in your body, drink lots of juice and other drinks. Fruit juice, such as apple juice is very good for increasing the blood level in your body.
    For a good blood flow(血流) in your body, drink at least 6-7 glasses of water every day. Completely avoid taking alcohol or caffeine a day before and after giving blood. Do not smoke cigarettes(烟) half an hour before giving blood.
    When you are going for blood donation, be relaxed, which helps keep the right blood pressure(血压). During the blood donation activity, you can breathe deeply and try to calm yourself down. Don’t take part in some other activities.
    When you donate blood, you are making the effort to save someone’s life. Blood donation is a very simple and fast process, but you need to take care of yourself after donating blood. Proper care helps to reduce side effects. The following are a few tips that will help you out.
    Take a rest for 15 minutes after completion of the donation. It helps you to feel relaxed and energetic.
    Eat something and drink juice before leaving the blood donation center. Make sure that you have meals after donating blood. Smoking should be prevented for one hour after the process. Don’t join in some activities at once, for example, driving.
    Finally, be proud of yourself because you have done a great thing in helping to save someone’s life. Blood donation is a very important activity.
    Title
    		Blood donation— an important activity
    The      小题1:    
    of blood donation
    		Making contributions to   小题2:  work and the community.
    Helping those people who suffer the     小题3:   of blood.
    Before the donation
    		Take a healthy diet for a     小题4:    ferrum level.
    Drink fruit juice for enough hemoglobin.
    Drink at least 6-7 glasses of water a day for a good blood flow.
    Avoid taking alcohol and    小题5:  cigarettes.
    Never take     小题6:   in other activities.
    During the donation
    		Relax and take a     小题7:  breath.
    After the donation
    本题信息：英语阅读理解难度一般 来源:未知
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    • 本试题 “阅读下面短文，根据所读内容，在文章后小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。Blood donation, also called blood banking, is a wonderful thing to do. It is ...” 主要考查您对

    科教类阅读

    健康环保类阅读

    等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
    • 科教类阅读
    • 健康环保类阅读
    科普类的阅读：
    科普类的阅读理解包含介绍科学知识、社会知识的短文。阅读这类短文时，要以事实为中心进行思考，抓住事物的特征、用途、相互关系等。
    如果是介绍社会现象的文章，要掌握所谈现象的内涵。
    答题技巧：
    1. 加强整体意识，把握文章的主要内容。在阅读的时候可给段落标上序号，并给重要的句子和
       关键词做上记号，尤其是各段中心句，为答题提供更快捷更多的信息源。
    2. 审清题干，发觉和把握试题中有效的提示性信息，确认命题的角度、阅读范围和答题方式。
    3. 定位阅读，强化对应意识。同时要注意原文利用和自我加工相结合。
    健康环保类阅读：
    本类型主要是围绕饮食健康、医疗卫生及环境保护等方面选取实际的材料来设题。
    体裁有记叙文、说明文、议论文和各种应用文。
    健康环保类阅读题答题注意事项和技巧：
    应试生态环保类题目时，在理解文章的基础上，要重点突破——归纳主旨大意技能，因为推断是以整体理解为基础的推断能力。
    1.归纳主旨大意：
    (1)寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：找出每小段的主题句。
    主题句通常有这样的特点：
    ①有一个话题(topic)；
    ②有阐述控制性概念，偶尔也可在一段中间；
    ③有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中。这就需要读者进一步加工概括了。
    (2)寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。
    应观察全文的结构安排，理解文章浓墨重笔写的“重心”，考虑文章组织材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的，分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么中心大意来安排的。
    (3)典型错误：
    ①忽视文章的结构；
    ②混淆了中心与支撑细节或材料的区别；
    ③忽视文章表意的倾向性；
    ④漏掉了主要的特征词。

    2.正确推理判断：
    推理判断试题要求考生尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意，并作出正确的推理和判断。
    (1)数据推断题
    解答此类题，关键是要善于捕捉有关数字的信息，然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础上，运用自己的数学知识，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。
    (2)知识推断题
    根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。
    (3)逻辑结论推断题
    根据事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料，不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。
    解答这类题的前提是要首先获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题意要求进行推断。
    (4)对作者态度、倾向的推断题
    作者的倾向和感情往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中，因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞。
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