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高中一年级英语

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  • 句型转换
    同义句转换。在空白处填入适当的短语或分句,完成下列直接引语与间接引语之间的转换。
    1. She asked, "Will you go to the English corner this evening?"
    She asked ______ go to the English corner ______.
    2. "Who is your best friend?" asked mother.
    Mother asked me ______.
    3. Mary said, "I went to see my grandmother the day before yesterday."
    Mary told me that ______.
    4. The volunteer said, "I will attend the performance tomorrow."
    The volunteer said ______.
    5. The teacher said to us, "The earth travels around the sun."
    The teacher told us that ______.
    本题信息:2011年同步题英语句型转换难度一般 来源:张雪
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本试题 “同义句转换。在空白处填入适当的短语或分句,完成下列直接引语与间接引语之间的转换。1. She asked, "Will you go to the English corner this evening?"She ...” 主要考查您对

直接引语与间接引语

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  • 直接引语与间接引语

定义:

直接引语:直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引号。
        例:He said:" It is too late." 
间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。
        例:He said it was too late.


直接引语与间接引语的转换:

一、人称代词的变化: 
直接引语变间接引语时,人称代词的变化一般规律是:
        第一人称→第三人称;
        第二人称→第一人称;
        第三人称→第三人称。
        简记为“二一、一三、三留”。 
例:"I'm thinking of changing my address." he said.
   → He said that he was thinking of changing his address.(I和he指同一个人)  
        Xiao Ming asked me, "Are you going to the park with us?"
  → Xiao Ming asked me if I was going to the park with them.(us与them指相同的人,XiaoMing是其中的一员;me和you指同一个人)
       Mr. Li said, "She will attend the meeting."
  → Mr. Li saidthatshewouldattendthemeeting.(Mr. Li和she不是同一个人) 但当说话者是第一人称,直接引语中的主语也是第一人称时,不作变化。 
       I said to my children, "I will give you some presents on Christmas Day."
  → I told my children I would give them some presents on Christmas Day. (I为同一说话者)

二、时态的变化

直接引语变间接引语时,时态的变化规律是往“过去”相应的时态推移:
        一般现在时→一般过去时,
        一般将来时→过去将来时,
        现在进行时→过去进行时,
        现在完成时→过去完成时,
        一般过去时/过去完成时→过去完成时。
如:My father told me, "He will come back next week."
   → My father told me that he would come back the next week.
        She asked me, "Did you finish your homework?"
   → She asked me if I had finished my homework.
注意:直接引语属下列情况时,时态不作变化:
1、直接引语属真理或客观事实时:
如:The teacher said to us, "Light runs much faster than sound."
   → The teacher told us light runs much faster than sound.
2、主句谓语动词是现在或将来某个时态:
如:The old man often says, "I joined the Red Army when I was young."
   → The old man often says that he joined the Red Army when he was young.
3、直接引语带有具体的过去时间状语时:
如:The politics teacher said to us, "The party was founded in 1921."
   → The politics teacher told us that the party was founded in 1921.
4、直接引语谓语有情态动词:had better,would rather及need,must,oughtto等时:
如:He said to me, "I would rather live in the countryside."
   → He told me that he would rather live in the countryside.
5、直接引语为虚拟语气谓语时 e.g.Shesaid,"IwouldbehappyifIwereabird."→ Shesaidthatshewouldbehappyifshewereabird.

三、句型的变化:

直接引语变间接引语时,句型要作适当变化:
1、变陈述句为由that引导的从句(that常省略):
如:"I want to improve my English at school," said the child.
   → The child said(that) he wanted to improve his English at school.
2、变一般疑问句为由if/whether引导的从句:
如:"Are you sure he will come today?"Jenny asked Helen.
   → Jenny asked Helen if/whether she was sure he would come that day.
3、变选择疑问句为由whether...or.../whether...or not引导的从句:
如:"Is he a director or an actor?" she asked me.
   → She asked me whether he was a director or an actor.
4、变反意问句时,要视说话者的语气而定:
(1)表示疑问时,先需去掉后面的反意问句部分,再按一般疑问句变化。
如:"You haven't finished your composition, have you?" the teacher said to me.
   → The teacher asked me if I had finished my composition.
(2)表示提醒或警告等特别语气时,先按陈述句变化,再把间接引语前的动词更换为表示相应语气的动词remind,warn等。
如:"You're late for class, aren't you?" the teacher said angrily to me.
   → The teacher warned me that I was late for class.
5、变特殊疑问词开头的问句为原特殊疑问词引导的从句:
如:"When did you come here?" Tom asked Jim.
   → Tom asked Jim when he had gone there.
6、变祈使句为不定式短语,作动词ask,tell,order,beg,request,advise,offer,warn等的宾语补足语,宾语为说话者的对象,选什么动词,视情况而定:
如:The doctor said to the patient, "Don't eat oily food again."
   → The doctor advised the patient not to eat oily food again.
7、变感叹句为how或what引出的从句,也可用that引出从句:
如:"How clever a boy he is." the teacher said to the mother.
   → The teacher told the mother how clever a boy he was.
或:The teacher told the mother that he was clever boy.
8、直接引语是多个句子时,按其句型特点,用上面的方法分别处理,并用and连接:
如:Mrs. Smith said, "I don't know the way to the station. How can I get there?"
   → Mrs. Smith said that she didn't know the way to the station and asked me how she could get there.
9、若直接引语是What's the matter?/What has happened?/What's wrong with...? 时,变成间接引语语序不变:
如:"What's the matter?" said he.
   → He asked me what was the matter.


直接引语变间接引语词语转化对比:

直接引语 间接引语
this, these that, those
here there
now then
today,tonight that day,that night
this evening that evening
last week the week before
tomorrow the next/following day
yesterday the day before
next week/month/year the next week/month/ year
ago before
come go
注意:如果在当时转述别人话,不必要改变时间状语;在原地转述别人的话,也不必改变地点状语,同样,come也不一定要改为go。
如:John said just now, "I came here yesterday."
    →John said just now that he came here yesterday.