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初中二年级英语

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  • 阅读理解

    阅读理解。
          
         People and air pollution are often in the same places. This means that cities with large populations have
      the biggest problem of dirty air. Air pollution is caused by many different things. A major kind of air
     pollution is the gas from cars. Statistics (统计资料) show that 93 percent of all auto trips are within cities.
     Another major kind of dirty air is the burning of coal and oil for energy. This energy is needed to make
     electricity. Of course, much more electricity is used in the city than in the country.
         On the average, we throw away more rubbish than the year before. The burning of rubbish makes air
     pollution even worse. Many major industries are also responsible for the dirty air in the around cities. The
     fumes (烟) from iron, steel, chemical, and petrol production add particles (微粒)  to the air.
         The effects of air pollution range from mild headaches to death. The levels of pollution found in heavy
     traffic may cause headaches for loss of clear vision. Wherever coal and oil are used for fuel, fumes may
      kill trees and plants and cause metal to corrode (腐蚀). In some of the larger cities, these fumes endanger
     the live of human beings by contributing to lung diseases and causing early death.
    1. Why is air pollution more in the city than in the country?
        A. Because there are larger populations in cities.
        B. Because the air in the city is dirty.
        C. Because there are more cars in the city.
        D. Because there are much more gas fumes from cars.
    2. The fumes from coal and oil may cause metal _____.
        A. to turn black                                      
        B. to become rusty
        C. to corrode                                          
        D. to twist
    4. In larger cities,  the fumes from coal and oil may cause _____.
        A. heart diseases                        
        B. lung diseases
        C. loss of clear vision                    
        D. serious headaches
    5. The main idea of the passage is that _____.
        A. the cause of air pollution is people
        B. the causes and the effects of air pollution are both found in cities
        C. the effects of air pollution range from headaches to death
        D. air pollution is caused by dirty air
    6. What is the purpose of this passage?
        A. To tell people to stop polluting the air.
        B. To tell the causes of air pollution.
        C. To tell why cities are bad places to live in.
        D. To describe why cities are good places to live in.


    本题信息:2012年期末题英语阅读理解难度较难 来源:解桂莲
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  • 健康环保类阅读
健康环保类阅读:
本类型主要是围绕饮食健康、医疗卫生及环境保护等方面选取实际的材料来设题。
体裁有记叙文、说明文、议论文和各种应用文。
健康环保类阅读题答题注意事项和技巧:
应试生态环保类题目时,在理解文章的基础上,要重点突破——归纳主旨大意技能,因为推断是以整体理解为基础的推断能力。
1.归纳主旨大意:
(1)寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是:找出每小段的主题句。
主题句通常有这样的特点:
①有一个话题(topic);
②有阐述控制性概念,偶尔也可在一段中间;
③有的文章无明显主题句,主题句隐含在段意之中。这就需要读者进一步加工概括了。
(2)寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。
应观察全文的结构安排,理解文章浓墨重笔写的“重心”,考虑文章组织材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的,分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么中心大意来安排的。
(3)典型错误:
①忽视文章的结构;
②混淆了中心与支撑细节或材料的区别;
③忽视文章表意的倾向性;
④漏掉了主要的特征词。

2.正确推理判断:
推理判断试题要求考生尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实,在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意,并作出正确的推理和判断。
(1)数据推断题
解答此类题,关键是要善于捕捉有关数字的信息,然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础上,运用自己的数学知识,对其进行分析、推算,从而得出正确的结论。
(2)知识推断题
根据文章中所阐述的细节,运用基础知识进行分析、推敲,从而得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。
(3)逻辑结论推断题
根据事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料,不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。
解答这类题的前提是要首先获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实,然后按题意要求进行推断。
(4)对作者态度、倾向的推断题
作者的倾向和感情往往隐含在文章的字里行间,或流露于修饰的词语之中,因此,在推断过程中,应特别注意文中作者的措辞。