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高中二年级英语

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  • 单选题
    The coat made of this kind of cloth _____ well. I think it is worthy _______.
    [     ]

    A. washes; buying
    B. is washed; buying
    C. washes; to be bought
    D. is washed; to be bought
    本题信息:2012年广东省月考题英语单选题难度一般 来源:姜雪
  • 本题答案
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本试题 “The coat made of this kind of cloth _____ well. I think it is worthy _______.[ ]A. washes; buyingB. is washed; buyingC. washes; to be boughtD. is w...” 主要考查您对

不定式的被动式

主谓一致

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 不定式的被动式
  • 主谓一致

不定式的被动式的概念:

如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式要用被动式。如:The next thing to be done is to get our classroom pained.


不定式被动式的用法:

一、基本形式:
不定式被动式的基本形式为to be done;若表示动作先于另一动作之前,则用完成式,即to have been done。

二、用法归纳:
不定式被动式在句中可以用作:
1、主语:
如:It's a great honour to be invited to the banquet. 承蒙邀请赴宴,甚是荣幸。
        To be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing, but a good tiring. 被敌人反对是好事,不是坏事。
        It's a pity to be kept in the house in fine weather. 好天气时被留在家里是很遗憾的。
2、表语:
如:All this is to be sold. 所有这些都是出售的。
        Water must be pure if it is to be drunk. 水如供饮用必须净化。
        The switchboard is to be manned at all times. 任何时候电话总机那儿都应有专人在岗负责。
3、宾语:
如:She doesn't want to be separated from him. 她不愿和他分开。
        He begged to be allowed to return to Brazil. 他恳求允许他返回巴西。
        I don't wish to be disturbed in my work. 在工作时我不愿意被人打扰。
        They demanded to be shown the authentic documents. 他们要求出示真实可靠的文件。
4、定语:
如:I made notes of the things to be mended. 我记下了需要修补的东西。
       The Blacks are the first to be fired and the last to be hired. 黑人是最先被解雇,最后被雇用。
5、状语:
如:He asked to be kept in formed about developments. 他要求随时向他报告发展情况。
        As she waited to be served, she became very impatient. 她在等候侍者送饭时,很不耐烦。
        She got there only to be told that they had gone on holiday. 她到达那里,被告知他们度假去了。
6、宾语补足语:
如:He did not like his intention to be laughed at. 他不喜欢自己的意图受到嘲笑。
        He ordered the goods to be sent by air. 他命令把货物空运
7、主语补足语:
如:The court was ordered to be cleared. 有命令要关闭法庭。
        The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 不许将书携出室外。
8、用在“for+名(代)词+不定式”结构中。
如:It's an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 我很荣幸被邀在这里讲话。
        It is essential for him to be prepared for this. 有必要让他对此有所准备。
        It's impossible for the job to be finished in time. 这项任务要按时完成是不可能的。
        The note was a simple request for a porter to be sent to room201. 这个字条就是请指派一个搬运工到201室去。
        Can you arrange for the gold to be delivered on Monday? 你能不能安排一下周一把金子送到?


动词不定式的被动式之注意点:

 一、注意形式与功用:
不定式的被动式为“to be+过去分词”,表示其逻辑主语是动作的承受者,具有被动含义。在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。
如:It was impossible for lost time to be made up. 要弥补已失去的时光是不可能的。
        I hope to be invited to the party. 我希望有人请我去参加晚会。
        Have you got ready for the meeting to be held? 你为即将举行的会议准备好了吗? 
        In order to be chosen, he sent each of them a present.为 了被选中,他给他们每人都送了礼物。
        The problem seems to be solved soon. 问题好像快要解决了。

二、与不定式的主动式的比较:
1、表示义务的概念,句子的主语是要做的动作或接受动作的人或物时,要用不定式的被动式。
如:These sheets are to be washed. 这些床单要洗一洗。
        The cleaning is to be finished by mid day. 要在中午前打扫完毕。
2、不定式作定语与被修饰词是主谓、动宾、同位等逻辑关系时,多用其主动式。
如:Where is the boy to speak at tomorrow's meeting?(=who will speak at tomorrow's meeting主谓关系) 明天要在会上发言的那个男孩在哪里? 
        I have got a letter to write.(=that I will write动宾关系,尤其谓语动词为have, give, bring等时) 我有封信要写。
       Give me a pen to write with.(=that I can write with不及物动词加上相应的介词)给我一枝笔写。
注意:如果动作的执行者在主语或宾语中没有出现,应用不定式的被动式。
如:I'm going to the post office. Do you have any letters to be posted? 我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗?(动作执行者不是you)
3、在there be结构中,用不定式的主动式和被动式意义一般差别不大,但有些还是有差别的。
如:There's a lot to be said (或to say) about this book. 关于这本书大有可说。
        There is nothing to see. 没有什么可看的了。
        There is nothing to be seen. 看不见有什么。(即“什么也没看见”)
4、修饰作表语或宾补的形容词的不定式,常用主动式表示被动含义。
如:I don't think English hard to learn. 我认为英语不太难学。

三、双重被动结构有些被动结构后接不定式作宾语、宾语补足语等时,仍然含有被动含义,就得用双重被动结构:
如:The work is thought to be finished soon. 大家认为工作很快就完成了。

四、动作发生的时间不定式多表示未来动作或情况,其被动式也不例外,上述各例皆有体现,尤其是改为定语从句时多为将来时的被动语态。另外我们还要注意以下两点:
1、表示被动关系时,当不定式的动作先于谓语时,可用不定式的被动式的完成时:to have been done;
与谓语同时进行时,要用不定式的被动式的进行时:to be being done。
如:The dead woman is said to have been badly treated. 据说死去的妇女受虐待。
        Rain forests are reported to be being cut down rapidly. 据报道雨林正被迅速地砍伐。
2、不定式的主动式作含序数词的被修饰词语的定语时,可表示已完成的动作。
如:He was the first man to taste the tomato. 他是第一位品尝西红柿的人。
        They were the last to leave the countryside.他们是最后一批离开农村的。


主谓一致的概念:

谓语的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。


主谓一致的基本原则:

1)语法一致原则,即在语法形式上取得一致。例如,主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式。
例如:The students are very young.
            This picture looks beautiful.
2)意义一致原则,即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如,主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数,谓语动词也采取复数形式;
而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数,谓语动词也采取单数形式。
例如:The people in that country are fighting for independence.
            The crowd deeply respect their leader. 
            Three years in a strange land seems a long time.
3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
例如:Neither hen or I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy.


几对容易混淆词组的一致用法:

1、由“this/thatkind/typeof+名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;而由"these/thosekind/typeof+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:This kind of apples is highly priced.
            Those kind(s) of tests are good.
2、由“a number of,a totalo f,an average of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;由“the number of,the total of,the average of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:A number of students are waiting for the bus.
            The number of the students in this university is increasing yearly.
3、one of,the(only) one of的一致用法
例如:This is one of the books that have been recommended.
            This is the(only) one of the books that has been recommended.


 主谓一致用法点拨:

1、并列结构作主语谓语用复数:
如:Reading and writing are very important.
注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
如:The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
典型例题:
The League secretary and monitor___asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
答案:B.
注:先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A、C本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。

2、主谓一致中的靠近原则:
1)当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
例如:There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
            There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
2)当either…or…与neither…nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
例如:Either you or she is to go. 
            Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

3、谓语动词与前面的主语一致:
当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
例如:The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 
            He as well as I wants to go boating.

4、谓语需用单数:

1)代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each,every,谓语需用单数。
例如:Each of us has a tape-recorder. 
2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。
例如:The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 
3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可,意思不变。)
例如:Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
            Ten yuan is enough.

5、指代意义决定谓语的单复数:
1)在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
例如:All is right. (一切顺利。)
            All are present. (所有人都到齐了。)
2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。
例如:family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体。
例如:His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。
            His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
例如:Are there any police around?
3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。
A number of+名词复数+复数动词。 The number of+名词复数+单数动词。
例如:A number of books have lent out.
            The majority of the students like English.

6、与后接名词或代词保持一致:

1)用half of, part of, most of, a portion of等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致。
例如:Most of his money is spent on books.
            Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
2)在一些短语,如many a或more than one所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。
但由more than…of作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
例如:Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。
            More than 60percent of the students are from the city. 百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市


主谓一致知识体系:

 


主谓一致用法拓展:

1)当everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everything,anything,something,nothing等用作主语时,其相应的代词一般用单数形式。
例如:If anybody calls, tell him that I'm out.
            Something strange happened, didn't it? 
2)人称代词与名词的呼应:人称代词I(me),he(him),she(her),it(it) 都是代替前面的单数名词,而they(them),we(us)则是代替复数名词的,you既可以代表单数,也可以代表复数。但表示泛指的时候,用he或one来表示。
例如:If a young person enters a classical music field only for money, he is in the wrong profession. 
3)物主代词与名词的呼应:my,our,his,her,its,their要与代替的名词在数上一致。
例如:The welfare department,as well as the other social services,will have its budget cut.
4)反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应。
例如:Many primitive people believed that by eating ananimal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.
5)指示代词与所代名词间的呼应:this和that指代单数名词或不可数名词,these和those指代复数名词(those还可以用作先行词,引导定语从句,表示“那些人”)。
例如:She invited all those who had been her former colleagues.
6)much和muchof后接不可数名词,而many和manyof后接可数名词的复数。
例如:There is not much coal left.
            A great many of the houses were knocked down by the earthquake.
7)表示量的词后面有的接可数名词,有的接不可数名词。
接可数名词的有:a number of,a rangeof,a series of十复数名词;
接不可数名词的有:a great deal of,an amount of十不可数名词;
既可接可数又可接不可数名词的有:a lot of,a variety of。
例如:1.The government attached a great deal of importance to education.
            2.Quiteanumberofwomenappliedforthisjob.
            3.The college library has avariety of books.
            4.An apple is avariety off ruit.