本试题 “Jack didn't do his homework, but he to the teacher that he had it at home.[ ]A. lied; forgottenB. lay; leftC. lay; forgottenD. lied; left” 主要考查您对一般过去时
过去完成进行时
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
一般过去时的概念:
一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
一般过去时的用法:
1、表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去时间的副词如:yesterday,last week,two hours ago等连用。
如:My family moved here five years ago. 我家五年前搬到了这里。
I was born in 1973. 我生于1973年。
2、表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作。这时可与频度副词如:often,usually,always等连用。
如:He always worked in tonight those days. 那些日子他总是工作到深夜。
I often left on business in 1987. 1987年我经常出差。
注:表示“过去经常,而今不再”时,要用usedto.
如:I used to read newspaper after breakfast. 我过去经常早饭后看报纸。(意指现在已不是这样)
The children often swam in this river. 孩子们过去经常在这条河里游泳。
3、表示过去发生的一连串动作。
如:He put down the heavy box, took out the keys, and opened the door. 他放下这沉重的箱子,掏出钥匙开了房门。
注:过去发生的一连串动作,若用and,or,but等并列连词连接,则一律用过去式。
如:They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper. 他们把椅子搬到桌边,坐下开始吃饭。
4、在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
如:He said that he would let me know as soon as he got the information. 他说他一得到消息就立即让我知道。
Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained. 玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。
一般过去时的特别用法:
1、句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。
例如:It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb.did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"。
例如:It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
2、would(had)rather sb.did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。
例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow. 还是明天来吧。
3、wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意:用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend等。
例如:Did you want any thing else? 您还要些什么吗?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2)情态动词could, would。
例如:Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?
过去完成进行时:
过去完成进行时,就是相对过去的某个时刻来说已经对现在有直接影响并且还在进行的动作。放在间接引语或虚拟语气中时它的时态不能再向前推,向后推是现在完成进行时。过去完成进行时是由"had been + 现在分词"构成。
例如:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.
她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
过去完成进行时构成:
过去完成进行时是由"hadbeen+现在分词"构成。
如:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考试之前一直患重感。
Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧?
过去完成进行时用法:
1、表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样,过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。过去完成进行时也是一个相对的时态,上下文中须有明示或暗示的作为参照的过去的时间。
如:I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 这东西我找了好多天才找着。
如:They had only been waiting for the bus a few minutes when it came. 他们只等了几分钟车就来了。
2、表示反复的动作。
如:He had been mentioning your name to me. 他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
3、过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中。
如:The doctor asked what he had been eating. 医生问他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days. 我问他们那些天呆在哪儿。
4、过去完成进行时之后也可接具有"突然"之意的when分句。
如:I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister in terrupted her. 她温习功课才一会儿,她妹妹就打断她了。
过去完成进行时和过去完成时的比较:
如:She had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy. 她已经打扫过办公室了,所以很整洁。(强调结果)
She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside. 她一直在打扫办公室,所以我们不得不在外面等着。(强调动作一直在进行)
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