本试题 “He spent __________ money on books and _________ his books are about space and satellites.A.a great deal of; a good many ofB.a good many; a great...” 主要考查您对序数词
小数
分数
量词
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
序数词的概念:
表示顺序的数称为序数词。如:first, second, third, fourth。
序数词的构成与用法:
1、序数词的构成:
①一般来说,是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。
例:four+th→fourth
six+th→sixth
seven+th→seventh
ten+th→tenth
②下面这些基数词在变为序数词时,有特殊的变化。
例:one→first
two→second
three→third
five→fifth
eight→eighth
nine→ninth
twelve→twelfth
③十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y变成i,然后再加eth。
例:twenty→twentieth
thirty→thirtieth
forty→fortieth
ninety→ninetieth
④两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。
例:twenty-one→twenty-first
thirty-five→thirty-fifth
a hundred and fifty-three→a hundred and fifty-third
2、序数词的用法:
①序数词在使用时,一般加上定冠词。
例:the first book
the second floor
the third day
the fourth week.
②序数词在多数情况下都用作定语,有的也可以作表语、主语和宾语。
例:The may1st is Labour Day. 五月一日是劳动节。
My room is on the second floor. 我的房间在二楼。
The first is larger than the secon.(主语)第一个比第二个大。
Read the book from the first.(宾语)从开头读这本书。
You'll be the sixth to write.(表语)你将是第六个写的。
③序数词的前面可以加上不定冠词,用来表示“再一”,“又一”的意思。
例:You may have a third try. 你可以第三次尝试。
序数词知识体系:
约数的表达方法:
用tens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions of 表示“几十、几百、上千、成千上万”等。
如:The boy bought dozens of pencils.
Thousands of people died in the earthquake.
注意: (A):dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million等表示确切数量时,不用复数。
如:five dozen (of) eggs 五打鸡蛋
hree hundred people 三百个人
分数词的构成和用法:
1)分数词构成法:
分数词(FractionalNumerals)由基数词和序数词构成,基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。除了分子为1的情况下,序数词都要用复数形式:
如:1/4:one-fourth
5/9:five-ninths
2/3:two-thirds
17/5:three and two-fifths
7/12:seven-twelfths
379/8:forty-seven and three-eighths
此外还有下面表示法:
如:1/2:a(one) half
1/4:a(one) quarter
3/4:three-quarters
9/4:two and a quarter
3/2:one and half
31/4:seven and three quarters
分数的概念:
一般情况下,表示分数时,分子要用基数词,分母用序数词(first, second, third ...)。如果分子大于1,分母必须用复数形 式。
分数的表示法:
分数由基数词和序数构成—分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子超过“1”时,分母用复数:
如:a[one] sixth 六分之一
two thirds 三分之二
three fifths 五分之三
注:
(1)1/2 通常读作a[one] half,一般不读作a second。
(2)1/4 可读作a[one] fourth,也可读作a[one] quarter。
(3)分子超过“1”分母之所以用复数可以这样理解:“三分之二”即两个(two)三分之一(third),既然是两个“三分之一”,那“三分之一”当然要用复数,即用thirds。
(4)在数学上,为了简洁起见,分子和分母均可用基数词,其间用介词over:3/4读作three over four(对于比较复杂的分数通常采用此读法)
(5)带分数的读法:在整数与分数之间用and连接:five and two thirds
分数在句中的作用:
1、主语:
如:A quarter of the population voted for him. 四分之一的人投他的票。
The other third of the black population live in poverty. 另外三分之一的黑人生活在贫困之中。
Three-fifths of the computers on display were home-made. 展出的电脑五分之三是国内生产的。
2、宾语或介词宾语:
如:Mother divided the cake into thirds. 妈妈把蛋糕分成三份。
Give a quarter of the pie to each of them. 给他们每人四分之一块馅饼。
They account for one-senventh of the population. 他们占人口的七分之一。
3、表语或同位语:
如:The crop that year was only one-third of the usual amount. 那年的收成只是常年产量的三分之一。
Over twelve million people, about three-fifths of the local population are Hans. 有一千二百多万人是汉人,约占当地人口的五分之三。
4、定语:
如:It's one-twentieth the thickness of a human hair.它相当于人的头发丝二十分之一那么细。
The mass of an electron is1/850 that of a hydrogen atom. 电子的质量相当于氢原子质量的1/850。
It produces power at 1/8 the cost in a thermal power plant. 它的发电成本只是热电厂成本的八分之一。
5、状语:
如:China is one-sixth larger than the United States. 中国比美国大六分之一。
This substance reacts one-tenth as fast as the other one. 这种物质的反应速度只是另一种物质的十分之一。
百分数的表示法:
百分数由基数词(或小数)和百分号(%)组成,百分号(%)读作percent:
如:fifteen percent(15%),
(zero)point six percent(0.6%)
注:百分数后接名词时有时用介词of,有时不用:
如:30% of the students (30%的学生)
a 30% chance (30%的把握)
两者的区别是:后接介词of时,percent为名词,of表示整体中的部分;不接介词of时,percent为形容词(此时不表示整体与部分的关系)。
如:6 percent of the interest=利息中的百分之六
at 6 percent interest=按百分之六的利息。
注:当百分数、分数后面加名词或代词时,要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如果是复数名词或代词,谓语动词用复数;如果是单数名词(或不可数名词)或代词,谓语动词用单数。
量词的概念:
通常用来表示人、事物或动作的数量单位的词,叫做量词。
例如:a bag of (rice), a piece of (news), a cup of (tea)
量词词组的特点:
特点一:
英语量词词组所表示的数或量:大致可归纳为四种类型,即定量、不定量、大量和少量。
1、表示定量的量词词组:
如:a couple of(两个、一对)—a couple of days,a couple o fplayers,a couple of times
a cupful of(一满杯)—a cupful of jelly,a cupful of water
a portion of(一份/客)—a portion of duck,a portion of roastbeef
2、表示不定量的量词词组:
如:a majority of(大多数/大半)—a majority of opinions,a majority of votes
an atom of(一点)—an atom of food,an atom of truth
a spell of(一阵/一段时间)—a spell of fine weather,a spell of coughing
3、表示大量的量词词组:
如:a flood of—a flood of ink(洋洋大篇),a flood of tears(泪如泉涌)
a heap of—a heap of earth(一堆泥土),a heap of customers(许多顾客)
a mountain of—a mountain of debts(债台高筑),a mountain of difficulties(困难重重)
4、表示少量的量词词组:
如:a drop of—a drop of fever(有点热度),a drop of dew(一点露水)
a particle of—a particle of feeling(一丝感情),a particle of dust(一点灰尘)
a shadow of—a shadow of doubt(一点怀疑),a shadow of freedom(一点自由)
特点二:
有些数量词组修饰可数名词,有些数量词组修饰不可数名词,还有些则两者均可修饰。
1、修饰不可数名词的量词词组:
如:a bit of—a bit of English(一点英语),a bit of good advice(一些好意见),
a bit of interest(一点兴趣), a shred of—a shredofevidence(一点证据)
a shred of cloth(少量布),a shred of reputation(一点声誉)
a sheet of—a sheet of glass(一块玻璃), a sheet of water(一片汪洋)
2、修饰可数名词的量词词组:
如:a cluster of—a cluster of flowers(一簇花),a cluster of spectators(一群观众),a cluster of bright stars(闪烁群星)
a string of—a string of pearls(一串珠子),a string of curses(连续不断的咒骂),a string of excuses(一连串借口)
a scram of—a scram of mosquitoes(一群蚊子),a scram of geese(一群鹅),a scram of children(一群孩子)
3、修饰(不)可数名词的量词词组:
如:a body of—a body of bees(一群蜜蜂),a body of coldair(一股冷空气),a body of facts(许多事实)
a block of—a block of ice(一大块冰),a block of flats(一幢公寓),a block of houses(一排房子)
a chain of—a chain of ideas(一系列想法),a chain of accidents(一连串事故),a chain of proof(一连串证据)
特点三:
有些数量词组的搭配是固定的,而有些搭配则比较灵活。
1、搭配固定的量词词组:
如:a barrel of—a barrel of beer(一桶啤酒),a barrel of crudeoil(一桶原油)
a basket of—a basket of eggs(一篮鸡蛋),a basket of apples(一篮苹果)
a line of—a line of trees(一行树),a line of poetry(一行诗)
2、搭配较灵活的量词词组:
如:a piece of—a piece of paper(一张纸),a piece of furniture(一件家具),a piece of equipment(一台设备)
a round of—a round of spirit(一巡酒),a round of diplomatic talks(一轮外交谈判),a round of toast(一片烤面包)
a bar of—a bar of chocolate(一块巧克力),a bar of soap(一条肥皂),a bar of light(一束光)
一些常见的量词及搭配:
1、一般性的表示个数的量词:
这一组中主要有piece, bit, item, article等词,但piece具有独特的地位,在使用其他词的地方一般都可使用piece代替之。
如:piece: a piece of meat/paper/bread/music/information/furniture/machinery, etc.一片肉/一张纸/一片面包/一首曲子/一条信息/一件家具/一台机器等
bit: a bit of news/wood/advice/trouble, etc. 一条消息/一块木头/一条建议/一件麻烦事等
item: an item of news/crime/program/business, etc. 一条新闻/一宗罪行/一个项目/一笔生意等
article: an article o fexport/furniture/clothing/luggage, etc. 一宗出口/一件家具/一件衣服/一件行李等
2、以形状表示个数的量词:
如:bar: a bar of chocolate/candy 一块巧克力/一块糖
bunch: a bunch of flowers/grapes/keys 一束花/一串葡萄/一串钥匙
cake: a cake of soap/ice 一块肥皂/一块冰
cluster: a cluster of stars/flowers/animals 一群星/一束花/一群动物
comb: a comb of bananas 一串香蕉
drop: a drop of rain/blood 一滴雨/一滴血
ear: an ear of corn/wheat 一棒玉米/一穗麦子
flight: a flight of stairs/arrows/sparrows 一段楼梯/一阵箭雨/一群麻雀
flock: a flock of workmen/criminals/boys 一群工人/一伙罪犯/一群男孩
head: a head of cabbage/cauliflower/sheep 一头卷心菜/一块花菜/一头羊
lump: a lump of sugar/coal/clay一块糖/一块煤/一块土
spiral: a spiral of mosquito incense 一盘蚊香
slice: a slice of meat/bread/beef 一片肉/一片面包/一块牛肉
swarm: a swarm of bees 一群蜜蜂
bevy: a bevy of beauties/girls/ladies 一群美人/一群女孩/一群女士
gathering: a gathering of friends 一帮朋友
clump: a clump of trees 一丛树林
pack: a pack of rascals/wolves 一群流氓/一群狼
3、表示容积的词:
如:bottle: a bottle of ink/milk/wine 一瓶酒/一瓶牛奶/一瓶葡萄酒
bowl: a bowl of rice/porridge 一碗米饭/一碗粥
pail: a pail of water 一桶水
glass: a glass of beer 一杯啤酒
cup: a cup of tea 一杯茶
handful: a handful of soil 一抔土
spoonful: a spoonful of oil 一汤匙油
mouthful: a mouthful of snow 一口雪
truckload: a truckload of steel 一卡车钢材
packet: a packet of cigarette 一包烟
4、表示行为动态的量词:
如:fit: a fit of laughter 一阵笑声
peal: a peal of thunder 一阵雷声
flash: a flash of light 一道闪电
display: a display of force 一番武力展示
还有:①a drove of horses(一群马)
②a flock of goats(一群山羊)
③a herd of elephants(一群大象)
④a pack of wolves(一群狼)
⑤a pride of lion(一群狮子)
⑥a skulk of foxes(一群狐狸)
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