否定句：
表示否定的句子。必须有否定词。
否定句的构成形式：
a. 谓语为be动词时，“be+not "一名学生。
b. 谓语为实义动词而且没有情态动词和助动词时，“do/ does/ did+not"构成否定。 
例：I do not like dancing. 我不喜欢跳舞。 
      He does not want to go to school. 他不想去上学。
c. 谓语为“情态动词+实义动词”时，“情态动词+not”构成否定。 
例：You must not smoke. 你千万不要吸烟。 
       I can not catch it. 我抓不住它。
否定句在英语语法中可以分为九类：
（1）一般否定句
I don't know this. No news is good news.
There is no person（smoking）/not a person/not any person（smoking）in the house.
（2）特指否定
He went to his office, not to see him.
I am sorry for not coming on time.
I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.
（3）部分否定
All the answers are not right
All is not gold that glitters
I don't know all of them.
I can't see everybody/everything.
Both of them are not right.
（4）全体否定
None of my friends smoke.
I can see nothing/nobody.
Neither of them is right.
Nothing can be so simple as this.
（5）延续否定
You didn't see him, neither/nor did I.
You don't know, I don't know either.
He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of（更不用说）French.
（6）半否定句
We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.
I know little English. I saw few people.
（7）双重否定
You can't make something out of nothing.
What's done cannot be undone.
There is no sweet without sweat.
No gain without pains.
I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.
No man is so old but（that）he can learn.
（8）排除否定
Everyone is ready except you.
He did nothing but play.
But for your help, I couldn't do it.
（9）加强否定
I won't do it at all.
I can't see it any more.
He is no longer a boy.

否定转移的形式与用法：
一、动词的否定转移
1.形式上否定主句的谓语，实际上是否定从句的谓语
当动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”的主语是第一人称，谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时，它们的否定式实际上是对宾语从句的否定。
表示说话者提出一种委婉的看法或主张。如：
I think that he will help us.——I don’t think that he will help us. 我认为它不会帮助我们。
I believe that he is right.——I don’t believe that he is right. 我认为他不对。
I suppose that he likes it.——I don’t suppose that he likes it. 我想他不喜欢它。

2. 形式上否定谓语动词，实际上否定复合宾语
当动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”、“find”的主语是第一人称，谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时，它们前面的否定式实际上是对复合宾语的否定。表示说话者所提出的一种委婉的看法或主张。如：
I think math difficult. — I don’t think math difficult. 我认为数学不难。
I find the story interesting. — I don’t find the story interesting. 我认为这个故事没有趣。
I expect so. —I don’t expect so. 我认为不会。

二、动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”在下列情况下，否定不转移：
1.这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时，否定不转移。如：
I believe and hope he won’t do that. 我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。
I feel and admit that we are not foolish. 我觉得并且也承认我们并不愚蠢。

2.用于疑问句时，否定不转移。如：
Do you think it is not going to rain? 你认为天不会下雨吗？
Don’t you believe that he has done a good thing? 难道你不相信他做了一件好事？

3.用作插入语时，否定不转移。如：
Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you. 我想李蕾不会生你的气。
Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it. 我猜想汤姆不会反对。
Mike, I believe, hasn’t seen the film. 我认为迈克没有看这场电影。

4.动词前有其他副词修饰时，否定不转移。如：
I really don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now. 我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。
I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing. 我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。

5.动词为非一般现在时或主语不是第一人称时，否定不转移。
I thought that he wouldn’t come back soon. 我原以为他不会回来得这么快。
She didn’t believe that he became a good boy. 她不相信它变成了一个好孩子。
He thinks that he isn’t fit for the job. 他认为他不适合这件工作。
He doesn’t believe that what we told him is true. 他不相信我们告诉他的事是真的。

6.当宾语从句中含的否定为“not……at all”、“not a little”、“not a few”、“not enough”、“can’t help”等固定搭配时，否定不转移。如：
I think that he doesn’t know it at all. 我想他对那一点也不知道。
I suppose that it is not enough to remember the words if you want to learn the language well. 我认为如果你想把这门语言学好，那么只记单词是不够的。
I believe that you can’t help singing our national anthem when you win the first place in the Olympic Games. 我相信当你在奥运会上获得第一名时你会情不自禁地唱起国歌来。

7.当宾语从句中含“no”、“nothing”、“nobody”、“nowhere”、“hardly”、“seldom”、“little”、“few”等否定词或半否词时，否定不转移。如：
I believe that nothing can make me give it up. 我想任何事情也不能使我放弃。
I think that no one can escape if the ship sinks in the sea. 我认为如果这艘船沉入海底的话，那么谁也逃不掉。
I suppose that he is a man of few words. 我猜想他是一个言语不多的人。

There be句型：
是英语中常用句型，意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”。
There在此结构中是引导词，已经没有副词“那里”的含义。
There be后面的名词是句子的主语，属倒装结构。常用“There + be+名词+地点/时间状语”的结构。 

There be结构的用法：
A、肯定结构：
There be句型的肯定结构表示“某处存在某物或某人”或“某时发生某事”。 
a. There is+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点/时间状语。 
例：There is a cat under the chair. 椅子下面有一只猫。 
       There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有些水。 
b. There are +复数名词+地点/时间状语。 
例：There are some apples in the basket. 篮子里有一些苹果。
B、否定结构：There be句型的否定结构是在谓语动词be的后面加“not (any)”或“no”. 
例：There are no tables in the room. 或者There are not any tables in the room. 房间里没有桌子。
C、疑问结构：There be句型变成疑问式时，要把there和谓语动词be的位置互换。 
例：Is there a pen in the schoolbag? 书包里有一支笔吗？
Therebe结构和have的区别与联系:
1.区别点：
there be 意为存在，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系；
have 表示所有关系， 强调某人或某地有某物，这是其基本用法。如：
There are some trees in front of the house.房前有些树。
Tom has many friends in China.汤姆在中国有许多朋友。

2.相同点：
在表示结构上的含有时，既可以用there be 句型，也可以用have（has） 来表示。如：
中国有许多长河。
There are many long rivers in China.
China has many long rivers.
三月份有多少天？
How many days are there in March?
How many days has March?
There be结构中的be动词的确定：
A、there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is，是复数时用are。 
例：There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。 
        There is some money in the purse. 钱包里有些钱。 
B、若句子中有几个并列的主语时，be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。 
例：There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. 房子里有一个男孩,一个女孩和两个妇女。 
        There are ten students and a teacher in the office. 办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。

There be结构的句型转换：
A、否定句：
there be的否定式通常在be后加not构成（在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起）。如果句中有some，一般要变成any。 例：
There are some children in the picture. 
There aren't any children in the picture.
B、一般疑问句及其答语：
把be提到there前，首字母大写，句末用问号即可。其肯定答语是Yes, there is / are；否定答语为No, there isn't / aren't。 例：
— Are there two cats in the tree?
— Yes, there are. (No, there aren't.)
C、特殊疑问句及其回答 
a. 提问句子的主语（包括主语前的修饰语）时，句型一律用“what is+地点介词短语？”（无论主语是单数还是复数都用is）。
例：There are some birds in the tree. →  What's in the tree? 
b. 就there be后面的地点状语进行提问时，句型用“where is/ are+主语？” 
例：There is a car in the street. → Where is the car?
c. 提问可数名词（主语）前的数量时，用how many，句型结构为“how many+ 复数名词+are there+其它）”（主语无论是单数还是复数，be通常要用are）。 
例：There are three books on the desk. → How many books are there on the desk?