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高中三年级英语

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  • 单选题
    Little Tom admitted ________ in the shop, ________ that he wouldn't do that in future.
    [    ]

    A. to have stolen; promising
    B. stealing; promised
    C. to stealing; promised
    D. having stolen; promising
    本题信息:2012年同步题英语单选题难度一般 来源:耿辉(高中英语)
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本试题 “Little Tom admitted ________ in the shop, ________ that he wouldn't do that in future.[ ]A. to have stolen; promisingB. stealing; promisedC. to ste...” 主要考查您对

现在分词

动名词的完成式

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 现在分词
  • 动名词的完成式

现在分词的概念:

现在分词(PresentParticiple)(又称-ing形式),是分词的一种,是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语和状语)。一般式:doing;一般被动式:being done;完成式:having done;完成被动式:having been done。所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not。


现在分词的用法:

1)做表语:
如:He was very amusing.
        That book was rather boring.
很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语:exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.
2)作定语:
上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语,修饰一个名词:
如:That must have been a terrifying experience.
        I found him a charming person.
现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词,相当于一个定语从句:
如:There are a few boys swimming in the river.
        There is a car waiting outside.
3)作状语:
现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作:
如:Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain. 
        Opening the drawer, he took out a box.
        Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.
现在分词短语还可以表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句:
如:Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.
        Being unemployed, he hasn't got much money.
现在分词短语还可以表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句:
如:Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
        Returning home, he began to do his homework. 
        Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.
        Be careful when crossing the road.
        Having found a hotel, we looked for some where to have dinner.
        Having finished her work, she went home.
4)作宾补:
现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语:
例如:see, hear, catch, find, keep, have等。
如:I see him passing my house every day.
        I caught him stealing things in that shop.
        I smelt something burning.
        She kept him working all day.


现在分词其他用法解析:

1、现在分词一般式的用法:
现在分词的一般式所表示的动作与主语动作同时发生:
如:When we arrived, we found him sleeping. 我们到达时发现他在睡觉。
         Living in the 示的动作也可略早于或迟于谓语动作,但两者之间没有时间间隔:
如:Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave a note. 发现没有在家,他决定留个字条。 
         He went home, finding the door locked. 他回到家,发现门是锁着的。当现在分词所表示的动作略迟于谓语动作时,现在分词通常位于句末。

2、现在分词完成式的用法:
现在分词的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作:
如:Having been there once, she knew the place quite well. 由于去过那儿一次,她对那地方很熟悉。
        Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again. 他已经失败了两次,不想再试了。
注:(1)现在分词的一般式和完成式均可表示已完成或先于谓语的动作,但有区别:现在分词所表示的动作虽然可以先于谓语动作,但两者之间没有时间间隔,而现在分词的完成式所表示先于谓语的动作则与谓语动作有一定的时间间隔:
如:Locking the door, he went out. 锁好门之后,他就出去了。
        Having invited him here to speak, we'd better go to his lecture. 既然我们请了他来作报告,我们最好去听一下。
有时即使是分词动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生,但如果要强调分词动作的完成性,也应用现在分词的完成式:
如:Having bought our tickets, we went into the theatre. 我们买好票后就走进剧场。
(2)现在分词的完成式一般不用作定语:
误:Do you know anyone having lost a cat? 你知道有谁丢了一只猫吗?
误:I want to talk to the person having broken the window. 我想同打破窗户的人谈谈。
若将以上现分词的完成式改为一般式也不可以(因为现在分词作后置定语时通常只表示与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生的动作,而不能先于谓语动作而发生):
误:I want to talk to the person breaking the window.

3、现在分词被动式的用法:
当要表示一个被动动作时,现在分词就用被动形式。现在分词的一般式和完成式均有被动式形式:
(1)现在分词一般式的被动式:主要表示现在正在进行的动作,也可表示与谓语动作同时发生的动作:
如:Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?
         I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看见他被警察带走。
:有时现在分词一般式的被动式所表示的动作也可发生在谓语动作之前(此时的现在分词通常用于表示原因,且多为状态动词):
如:Not having a car, he finds it difficult to get around. 由于没车,她感到行动很困难。
(2)现在分词完成式的被动式:主要表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成的动作。
如:The subject having been opened, he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了,他不得不谈下去。
        Having been written inhaste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少。
比较:Being so ill, she can't go to school. 由于病得那么严重,她不能去上学。
            Having been ill for a long time, he needed time to recover. 由于病了很长时间,他需要一段恢复的时间。


动名词完成式的概念:

动名词的完成式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。如:He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他后悔没有参加这项工作。   


动名词完成式的用法:

动名词完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作或状态:
如:He apologized for having broken his promise. 他因没遵守诺言表示道歉。
        He forgot having promised to write her. 他忘了曾答应给她写信。
        I have no idea of their having done such a thing. 我不知道他们做过那样的事。
【注】动名词的一般式和完成式都可表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作,有时两者可互换(用一般式往往显得更简洁):
如:I remember seeing[having seen]her somewhere. 我记得在什么地方见过她。
        Excuse me for not answering[having answered] your letter earlier. 请原谅我没有早点给你回信。
有些不强调动作先后关系或句子本身已表明了先后关系的场合,通常用动名词的一般式:
如:Thank you for telling me the news. 谢谢你告诉我这消息。
        He has worked hard since leaving school. 自从离开学校以来他工作一直很努力。


动名词的完成式的理解:

动名词的完成式与英语的完成时态有些关联。大家知道,英语的现在完成时态由“have+过去分词”构成,而动名词的完成式就是将“have+过去分词”中的助动词have改为动名词即可。如:having been, having come, having gone, having left等。

动名词的完成式用法说明:

动名词的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作或状态。
如:He admitted to having taken the money. 他承认拿了那笔钱。
        I'm sorry for having wasted your time. 浪费了你的时间我很抱歉。
        She's angry about not having been invited. 她对没有受到邀请感到生气。
第一句的动名词用完成式表示“拿好笔钱”在先,“承认”在后;
第二句的动名词用完成式表示“浪费你的时间”在先,“感到抱歉”在后;
第三句的动名词用完成式表示“没有被邀请”在先,“感到生气”在后。
有时,动名词的一般式也可表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作,与动名词的完成式用法相似,可以互换。具有类似特点的动词不多,常见的有remember, forget, regret, deny等。
如:Remember paying[having paid] him. 记住已经付给他钱了。 
        I regret not coming[having come] earlier. 我后悔没有来早点。
        I forgot telling[having told] her the news. 我忘了曾告诉过她这个消息。
        He denied telling[having told] me. 他否认告诉过我。