现在完成时的被动语态概念：

现在完成时被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合，即“have+been+动词过去分词”。

现在完成时态的被动语态的构成：

1、现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式为：have/has+been+done。
如：The new schools have been set up. 新学校都已经建成了。
        The experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。
2、现在完成时的被动语态的否定式为：have/has+not+been+done。
如：The books have not been borrowed by the teacher. 那些书还没有被老师借走了。
        Tom's novel has not been published. 汤姆的小说还没有被出版。
3、现在完成时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将have/has提到主语的前面。
如：—Have the letters been posted? 信已经寄出去了吗？
        —Yes, they have. 是的，已寄出了。
        —Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行车修好了吗？
        —No, it hasn't. 不，还没有被修好。
 4、现在完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词+have/has+been+done。
如：How long have the machine been repaired？这些机器已被修好多长时间了？
        Who has been invited? 谁受到了邀请？

现在完成时态的被动语态的用法：

1、现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与 already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。
如：The room has already been cleaned. 房间已经被清扫干净了。（含现在已不用清扫房间了）  
        The doctor hasn't been sent for yet. 还没有派人去请医生。（含现在应派人去请医生） 
        The office looks nice. It has just been cleaned. 办公室看起来很干净。它刚被打扫过。（含现在已不用清扫房间了） 
        Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事以前从未听说过。（含现在才听说过）
        Recently the price of TV sets has been cut. 近来电视机降价了. （含电视机的价格现在比以前低了）
2、表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since等引导的时间状语连用，或用与How long…?的句型中。
如：The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已修了两小时了。
        They have been helped by us for two weeks. 他们得到我们帮助有两周了。 
        How long has the project been carried out? 这项工程已被实施多长时间了？

现在进行时的被动语态：

现在进行时的被动语态表示现在进行时态和被动语态的叠合，由am/is/are+being+done构成。

现在进行时态的被动语态的基本结构的构成：

1、现在进行时态的被动语态的肯定式为：am/is/are+being+done。
如：The question is being discussed at the meeting now. 这个问题现在正在会上被讨论。 
        Another bridge is being built over the Changjiang River at present. 目前长江上正在建造另一座大桥。
2、现在进行时态的被动语态的否定式为：am/is/are+not+being+done。
如：The baby isn't being taken good care of. 这婴儿没在得到很好的照顾。
        The animals are not being set free at present.目前这些动物还不能被放出。
3、现在进行时态的被动语态的一般疑问句需将am/is/are提到主语的前面。（回答用yes或no）
如：—Is a new library being put up in their school now？他们学校现在正在建一座新图书馆吗？
        —Yes, it is. 是，正在建一座新图书馆 
        —Are a number of Dongfeng trucks being shipped abroad? 一批东风卡车正被运往国外吗？
        —No, they aren't. 不，没有。
4、现在进行时态的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词+am/is/are+(主语)+being+done。
如：What is being done to the machine? 现在对这台机器要采取什么措施？
        How many houses are being built in the village? 村里正在建造多少房屋？ 
        When is the sports meeting being held in our school. 我校将在什么时候举行运动会？

现在进行时态的被动语态的用法：

1、现在进行时态的被动语态的同它的主动语态一样，表示现在正在进行的被动动作。
如：He is being interviewed by our headmaster now. 他正在接受我们校长的采访。
        This film is being shown now. 这部电影正在被放映。
2、现在进行时态的被动语态的同它的主动语态一样，表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作。
如：The disease is being studied by scientists. 科学家们正在研究这种疾病。 
        These animals are being hunted at such a speed that they will disappear soon.
        以如此速度捕杀动物，他们很快就会消失。
3、现在进行时态的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，这时需要用完成时态的被动语态。
例如：The watch is being repaired twice.
改成：The watch has been reparied twice.
            The house over there is being built for two months.
改成：The house over there has been built for two months.
4、少数及物动词的的进行时表示按计划、安排将要承受某个动作。
如：Some rock music is being played by the mnext. 下面将由他们演奏一些摇滚音乐。
        A party is being held tonight. 今晚将举办一场晚会。
5、典型错误：
1）遗漏助动词：
【误】The birds being set free at present.
【正】The birds are being set free at present.
2）遗漏介词：
【误】The children are being taken care by their aunt.
【正】The children are being taken care of by their aunt.
3）忽略动词的性质：
【误】The kind of cloth is being washed well.
【正】The kind of cloth washes well.
注：表示某种情况，状态或特点的动词，一般不用于被动语态。

一般现在时的被动语态的概念：

表示的是一般现在时态和被动语态的叠合。构成：（am/is/are +done）
如：This shirt is washed once a week. 这件T恤一周洗一次。

主动语态变被动语态的方法：

1、把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。　　
2、把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)，根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。　　
3、把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
例如：All the people laughed at him.=He was laughed at by all people. 　　
            They make the bikes in the factory.=The bikes are made by them in the factory. 　　
记忆歌诀：
宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。　　

含有情态动词的被动语态：

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。　　
记忆歌诀：
情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。
例如：We can repair this watch in two days.=This watch can be repaired in two days. 　　
            You ought to take it away.=It ought to be taken away. 　　
            They should do it at once.=It should be done at once.

被动语态的用法：
　　
1、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) 　　
            This book was published in1981.这 本书出版于1981年。　　
2、强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。　　
            Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。　　
记忆歌诀：
谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。

一般现在时的被动语态：

一、被动语态的结构：
主语(动作接受者)+is/am/are+动词的过去分词+(by+动作执行者)
如：Football is played in most countries in the world.
被动语态的句型总结如下：
1、肯定句：主语+be+过去分词+(by~~).
如：The boy is called Jack.
2、否定句：主语+be not+过去分词+(by~~).
如：The baby is not looked after by his father.
3、一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+(by~~)?
如：Is KingLear written by Shakespeare?
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑词+be+过去分词+(by~~)?
如：What is this kind of sweater made of?

二、被动语态的用法：
1、要表达“被…”、“受…”、“让…”、“遭…”之类的语义。
如：The teachers are well respected. 
        The child is well loved by people.
2、强调动作承受者。
如：He is known far and wide. 他远近闻名。
3、不知道式没有必要指出动作的执行者。
如： The room is cleaned every day. 房子每天都有人打扫。
4、为礼貌起见避免提及动作执行者。
如：I wonder if I was allowed to introduce myself? 我是否可以做自我介绍?

过去进行时的被动语态的概念：

表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动性的动作。过去进行时的被动语态构成：Was / were + being +动词的过去分词
如：They were planting trees at this time yesterday. （主动语态）
        Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday. （过去进行时被动语态）

过去进行时态的被动语态的基本结构的构成：

1、过去进行时态的被动语态的肯定式为：was/were+being+done。
如：Computer was being majored by him during his college. 他那时正在大学学计算机专业。
        Another bridge was being built over the Changjiang River then. 那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。
2、过去进行时态的被动语态的否定式为：was/were+not+being+done。
如： The movie star wasn't being stalked by a fan. 那个电影明星正在被一个粉丝跟踪.
3、过去进行时态的被动语态的一般疑问句需将was/were提到主语的前面。（回答用yes或no）
如：Was a new library being put up in their school just then？他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗。
4、过去进行时态的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词+was/were+(主语)+being+done。
如：What was being done to the machine? 对这台机器要采取了什么措施？

过去进行时态的被动语态的用法：

1、过去进行时态的被动语态的同它的主动语态一样，表示过去正在进行的被动动作。
He is be inginter viewed by our head master now.他正在接受我们校长的采访。
This film is being shown now.这部电影正在被放映。
2、过去进行时态的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，这时需要用完成时态的被动语态。
如：The watch is being repaired twice. 改成 The watch has been reparied twice.
The house over there is being built for two months. 改成The house over there has been built for two months.
4、少数及物动词的的进行时表示按计划、安排将要承受某个动作。
如：Some rock music is being played by them next.下面将由他们演奏一些摇滚音乐。
A party is being held tonight.今晚将举办一场晚会。