本试题 “The first edition ____ in 1955 and ____ a best seller ever since.A. was published; had beenB. had been published; had beenC. has been published; ha...” 主要考查您对现在完成时的被动语态
一般过去时的被动语态
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
现在完成时的被动语态概念:
现在完成时被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合,即“have+been+动词过去分词”。
现在完成时态的被动语态的构成:
1、现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式为:have/has+been+done。
如:The new schools have been set up. 新学校都已经建成了。
The experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。
2、现在完成时的被动语态的否定式为:have/has+not+been+done。
如:The books have not been borrowed by the teacher. 那些书还没有被老师借走了。
Tom's novel has not been published. 汤姆的小说还没有被出版。
3、现在完成时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将have/has提到主语的前面。
如:—Have the letters been posted? 信已经寄出去了吗?
—Yes, they have. 是的,已寄出了。
—Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行车修好了吗?
—No, it hasn't. 不,还没有被修好。
4、现在完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问句为:疑问词+have/has+been+done。
如:How long have the machine been repaired?这些机器已被修好多长时间了?
Who has been invited? 谁受到了邀请?
现在完成时态的被动语态的用法:
1、现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,通常与 already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。
如:The room has already been cleaned. 房间已经被清扫干净了。(含现在已不用清扫房间了)
The doctor hasn't been sent for yet. 还没有派人去请医生。(含现在应派人去请医生)
The office looks nice. It has just been cleaned. 办公室看起来很干净。它刚被打扫过。(含现在已不用清扫房间了)
Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事以前从未听说过。(含现在才听说过)
Recently the price of TV sets has been cut. 近来电视机降价了. (含电视机的价格现在比以前低了)
2、表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去,常与for或since等引导的时间状语连用,或用与How long…?的句型中。
如:The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已修了两小时了。
They have been helped by us for two weeks. 他们得到我们帮助有两周了。
How long has the project been carried out? 这项工程已被实施多长时间了?
一般过去时被动语态的概念:
表示过去经常性、习惯性被动动作或过去某一时刻发生的被动性动作。主语(动作承受者)+was/were+过去分词(+by+施动者)构成。
一般过去时被动语态与现在完成时被动语态用法区别:
现在完成时与一般过去时被动语态均指某一被动性动作发生在过去,但现在完成时被动语态强调发生在过去的被动性动作对现在造成影响,或发生在过去的被动性动作一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去。一般过去时被动语态表示过去经常性、习惯性被动动作或过去某一时刻发生的被动性动作。
例如:This machine has been repaired. 这台机器已被修好。
析:这台机器在过去某一时刻被修,并对现在造成影响,说明这台机器现在已无毛病,可以投入使用。
例如:This building has been built for a month. 这幢楼房已被建一个月。
析:这幢楼房一个月之前开始被建,一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去。
例如:This bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建的。
析:该句仅强调这座桥是去年被建造的。
例如:Volleyball was often played in this playground. 这个操场上过去经常有人打排球。
析:该句强调在这个操场打排球是过去经常性、习惯性动作。
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