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Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labour
and to explain part of its advantages. He gives us an example the process by which pins were made in
England. "One man draws out the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth
grinds(磨光滑) it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three
distinct operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important
business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen distinct operations, which in some
factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them. "
"Ten men, " Smith said, "in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800 pins a
piece. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labour, they certainly could not turn out any pin, each of them would have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even
one."
There can be no doubt that division of labour is a way of organising work. Fewer people can make
more pins. Adam Smith saw this but it's a pity he also took it for granted that division of labour is in itself
responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between
expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labour adds nothing new；it only enables
people to produce more of what they already have.

1. According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to ________.
A. take advantage of the division of labour
B. understand the effects of the division of labour
C. explain the causes of the division of labour
D. introduce the division of labour into England

2. Adam Smith saw that the division of labour ________.
A. enabled each worker to make pins more quickly and more cheaply
B. increased the number of people employed in factories
C. increased the possible output per worker
D. improved the quality of pins produced

3. Adam Smith mentioned the number 4,800 in order to ________.
A. show the advantages of the division of labour
B. emphasize how powerful the individual worker was
C. show the advantages of the old craft system
D. emphasize the importance of increased production

4. According to the writer, Adam Smith's mistake was in believing that division of  labour ________.
A. certainly led to economic development
B. was a good way of organising work
C. increased the production of existing goods
D. was an important development in methods of production

5. Which of the following could serve as an appropriate title for the passage?
A. The Theory of Division of Labour
B. Adam Smith as the Discoverer of Division of Labour
C. Adam Smith, the English Economist
D. Division of Labour, a Good Way of Organizing Work

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