副词：
用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
分 类:1) 时间和频度副词:
now,then,often,always,usually,early,today, lately, next,last,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday.
2) 地点副词:
here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.
3) 方式副词:
carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly
4) 程度副词:
much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly.
5) 疑问副词:
how, when, where, why.
6) 关系副词:
when, where, why.
7) 连接副词:
how, when, where, why, whether.
副词的位置：
A、副词修饰动词（包括动名词和分词）时，通常位于被修饰动词的后面。
例：Shestudieshard.她学习努力。
B、副词修饰形容词是，通常放在该形容词的前面。
例：LiMingistooyoung.Hecan’tcarrytheheavybox. 李明太小，他搬不动这个重箱子。
C、副词修饰其他副词时，通常放在被修饰副词的前面。
例：Thegirlsingsverywell.这个女孩歌唱得非常好。
副词用法:
副词在句中可作状语,表语,补语。
He works hard.
他工作努力。
You speak English quite well.
你英语讲的很好。
Is she in ?
她在家吗?
Let's be out.
让我们出去吧。
Food here is hard to get.
这儿很难弄到食物。
不定式定义：
由to+动词原形构成。不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，可分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。
“动词不定式”由动词+不定式构成。动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
常见的有：like / love，want，need，ask，help等。
例：I like to play with Tom. 我喜欢和汤姆玩。
I want to play with Tom. 我想和汤姆玩。
I like to eat dumplings. 我喜欢吃饺子。
动词不定式一般结构:
疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如：
①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. （不定式在句子中做主语）
②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. （不定式在句子中做宾语）
③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. （不定式在句子中做直接宾语）
④The question was where to get the medicine needed. （不定式在句子中表语）
以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如：
①When we shall leave…
③…how I could learn…
经常在这种结构中使用的动词有：
consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。
动名词与不定式的区别:
1 动名词与不定式的区别：
动名词表达的是：状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的
不定式表达的是：目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的
2 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。
3在下列情况下，一般要用不定式：
①hate,like,love前有would(should)时，
如：I'd like to have a cup of coffee.
②当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时，
如：Thestudents are starting to work on the di fficult maths problem.
③begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时，
如：I soon began to understand what was happening.
④.advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语，或带不定式作宾语补足语。如：
Our teachers don't permit our/us swimming in the lake.
Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.
4 部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用。
forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示现在或未来的动作，接动名词表示动作已经发生。如：
Don't forget to post the letter for me.
Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?
Remember to close the windows before you leave.
I remember writing him a letter a year ago.
We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting.
They regretted ordering these books from abroad.
省to的动词不定式:
（1）情态动词( 除ought 外，ought to意思是“应该”，是情态动词，只有一种形式，后边接动词不定式，to不能省略。
ought to没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形可以表示现在、将来或过去将来，由时间状语或上下文决定。例如：
They ought to come tomorrow.他们明天应当来)：
（2）使役动词 let,have,make：
（3）感官动词see,watch,look at,notice,observe,hear,listen to,smell,feel,find 等后作宾补，省略to。
注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
在使役动词中get除外(get sb. to do sth.)
I saw him dance.
=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
（4）表示个人意愿或倾向的would rather，had better，might(just) as well：rather than置于句首时。
Rather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride a bike.
（5）Why… / why not…：
（6）help 可带to，也可不带to,help sb (to) do sth：
（7）but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。
（8）由and,or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：
（9）通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等词后，可以省去to be：
He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。
（10）but作介词，后接不定式结构时，前面谓语动词部分若含有do的形式时，but后的不定式要省去to，否则要带to。
He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
（11）当两个或多个不定时短语由连词and，but或or连接时，后一个或几个不定式符号to常省略。但若表示对比、对照关系时，则不能省略。
He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more difficult.
（12）不定式做表语时，一般要带to，但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时，符号to可省去。
We've missed the last bus.All we could do now is walk home.