本试题 “It is not such the language_________the cultural background ___________ makes the bookdifficult to understand.[ ]A. but; thatB. nor; whichC. as ; t...” 主要考查您对并列连词
强调句
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
并列连词的概念：
连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both...and, notonly...butalso, either...or, neither...nor, (and)then 等等。
并列连词与并列结构：
并列连词引导两个并列的句子。
1）and与or：
判断改错：
(错) They sat down and talk about something.
(错) They started to dance and sang.
(错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.
(对) They sat down and talked about something.
(对) They started to dance and sing.
(对) I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
解析：第一句：and连接两个并列的谓语，所以talk应改为talked。
第二句：and连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang应改为sing。
第三句：and连接感观动词saw后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。
注意：and还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法）
如：Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.=If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance.
One more effort, and you'll succeed.=If you make one more effort, you'll succeed.
2）both...and 两者都
如：She plays(both) the piano and the guitar.
3）not only...but(also), as well as 不但…而且
如：She plays not only the piano, but(also) the guitar.
注意：not only…but also关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。
如：Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.
4）neither...nor 意思为“既不……也不……”谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。
如：Neither you nor he is to blame.
比较so和such ：
so与such的用法由不同词性决定。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much，little连用，形成固定搭配。
构成：so+adj.
such+a(n)+n.
so+adj.+a(n)+n.
such+n.(pl.)
so+adj.+n.(pl.)
such+n.(pl.)
so+adj.+n.[不可数]
such+n.[不可数]
如：so foolish
such a fool
so nice a flower
such a nice flower
so many/few flowers
such nice flowers
so much/ little money.
such rapid progress
so many people
such a lot of people
注：so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于many，但a lot of为名词性的，只能用such搭配。 so...that与such...that之间的转换既为so与such之间的转换。
并列连词用法点拨：
1、表示并列关系：
1）or意思为“否则”。
如：I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.
2）either...or意思为“或者……或者……”。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。
如：Either you or I am right.
2、表示转折或对比关系：
1）but表示转折，while表示对比。
如：Some people love cats, while others hate them.
典型例题：
—Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
—I'd like to, ___ I'm too busy.
A. and
B. so
C. as
D. but
答案：D。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而表并列的and，结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。
2）not...but...意思为“不是……而是……” not和but后面的用词要遵循一致原则。
如：They were not the bones of an animal, but(the bones) of a human being.
3、表示原因关系：
1）for 判断改错：
（错）For he is ill, he is absent today.
（对）He is absent today, for he is ill. for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。
并列连词知识体系：
| 种类 | 用法 | 举例 |
| 并列连词 | 表示转折关系 | yet, but等 |
| 表示并列关系 | and, or, either...or..., as welll as等 | |
| 表示因果关系 | for, so等 |
比较and和or的用法：
1）并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。
2）但有时and也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：
如：There is no air or water in the moon.
There is no air and no water on the moon.
在否定中并列结构用or连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。
典型例题：
—I don't like chicken___fish.
—I don't like chicken, ___I like fish very much.
A. and；and
B. and；but
C. or；but
D. or；and
答案：C。否定句中表并列用or,but表转折。
判断改错：
（错）We will die without air and water.
（错）We can't live without air or water.
（对）We will die without air or water.
（对）We can't live without air and water.
强调句的概念：
强调句 (The Emphatic Pattern) 是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。英语常用的强调结构有：It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+that/who...；what…be…句型；
强调句的使用:
一、强调句句型：
1、用It is／was...that／who...句型表示强调。
（1）陈述句的强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其它部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
（2）一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
（3）特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？
e.g. When and where was it that you were born?
注：被强调的部分（通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语）放在is／was的后面，如被强调的是人，则后面可用who，whom等代替。
如：原句：He met an old friend in the park yesterday.
强调主语：It was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday.
强调宾语：It was an old friend that/who he met in the park yesterday.
强调地点状语：It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park.
2、用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词。
如：Do come early.
He did send you a letter last week.
We're pleased that she does intend to come.
3、用主语从句+be+被强调部分，主语从句常用what引导。
如：What John wants is a ball.
What Mary does every day is(to) give piano lessons.
二、not...until...句型的强调句：
1、句型为：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其它部分：
e.g. 普通句：He didn't go to bed until/till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；
因为句型中It is/was not...已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
三、谓语动词的强调：
1、It is/was...that...结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does或did。
e.g. Do sit down.务必请坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！
2、注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。
使用强调句型有以下几点请注意：
①强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数。
如：It was yesterday that I met your father in the street.
②不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使用where、when等连词。
如：It was in the street that I met your father yesterday.
③被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。
如：It was your father that/whom/who I met in the street yesterday.
It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday.
④强调句中也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。
如：It is they who are our friends.
It was not until ten o'clock that we got home last night.
⑤注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。It is/was...that...为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调，而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。
比较：1）It was ten o'clock when we got home last night. 我们昨晚到家时已十点了。
2）It was at ten o'clock that we got home last night. 我们昨晚是在十点到家的。
第一句不是强调句，when不可改为that，因为去掉it was和that后，只能组成“We got home ten o'clock last night.”这样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when。
强调句型用法拓展：
1、句首词用“It”，不能用“This”，“That”等。
2、be动词的形式是is或was，不能用复数形式are或were。若原句的谓语动词用了现在时或将来时，则用is；
若原句的谓语动词用了过去时或过去完成时，则用was。
如：It___the Chinese women that___a great role in the socialist construction.
A. is; plays
B. are; play
C .is; play
D. are; plays
答案：C
3、被强调的部分如果是代词，强调主语用主格，强调宾语用宾格。
如：It is him that/who/whom I met in the street yesterday.
It is I who/that am wrong.
4、连接词一般用that，当强调部分是人时，既可用that也可用who。特别注意当强调部分是时间状语或地点状语时，不能用when或where。
如：It was on Oct1st, 1949 that People's Republic of China was founded.
It was at the gate____he told me the news.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. when
答案：A
5、主谓一致问题被强调的主语要和that后面的谓语动词在数上保持一致。
如：It is Mary who often _____(help) me with my English. （helps）
It is I that ____(be) against you. （am）
6、not...until结构的强调。
强调“not...until”引导的时间状语时，要用“it is/was not until...that...”结构，that后面的句子要用肯定式，且须用陈述句语序。
如：We did not get off the bus until it stopped. ?
It was not until it stopped that we got off the bus. (注意：强调该结构时not until不能分开)
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