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初中二年级英语

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  • 句型转换
    按要求改写下列句子。
    1. We go to work by busevery day.(就画线部分提问)
    _____ _____ you go to work every day?
    2. I know how to say those things in a report.(改为同义句)
    I know how _____ _____ say those things in a report.
    3. We bought her some presents.(改为否定句)
    We didn't _____ _____ presents for her.
    4. Why don't you put on your hat?(改为同义句)
    _____ _____ put on your hat?
    5. Don't leave anything behind.(改为反意疑问句)
    Don't leave anything behind, _____ _____ ?
    6. Tom will returnin an hour.(就画线部分提问)
    _____ _____ will Tom return?
    7. He is young. He can't go to school.(改为同义句)
    He is _____ young _____ go to school.
    8. Can I help you? (改为同义句)
    _____ _____ I _____ for you?
    本题信息:2012年同步题英语句型转换难度一般 来源:解桂莲
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本试题 “按要求改写下列句子。1. We go to workby busevery day.(就画线部分提问)_____ _____ you go to work every day?2. I know how to say those things in a rep...” 主要考查您对

不定代词

实义动词

特殊疑问句

反意疑问句

宾语从句

固定搭配

疑问词组

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 不定代词
  • 实义动词
  • 特殊疑问句
  • 反意疑问句
  • 宾语从句
  • 固定搭配
  • 疑问词组
不定代词
即不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。
初中常用不定代词有:
some(something,somebody,someone),any(anything,anybody,anyone), no(nothing,nobody,no one),
every(everything,everybody,everyone,),all,each,both,much,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s),
another,none,one,either, neither等。一般来讲,修饰不定代词的词要置于其后。

不定代词用法例举:
①一般用于肯定句中的不定代词:some, someone, somebody, something
例如:They can speak some Japanese.
②一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中的不定代词:any, anyone, anybody, anything
例如:Is there anyone at home?
③一般用于句中表示否定意义的不定代词:no, no one, nobody, nothing
例如:I have no watch.
There is nothing wrong with the machine.
④不定代词one指代可数名词,既可指人,亦可指物,它可以代替上文中出现的单数可数
名词,指代复数名词时可以用ones。
例如:I do not have a pen, can you lend me one?
I like small cars better than large ones.
⑤none通常只用作名词,在句中作主语、宾语等。意为“没有任何(人或物)”,既可指人,亦可指物。
none后常跟of短语,其后用复数可数名词或不可数名词。
例如:None of them knows the answer to the question.
⑥both, all
both指两个人、物或群体;
all指三个以上的人、物或群体或泛指一切事物。
例如:My parents are both teachers.
           All of my friends are football fans.
⑦every, each
each一般用于指两个或两个以上的人或物,侧重个别;
every用于指三个或三个以上的人或物,侧重全体。而且each所指对象在上下文中已十分明确。
例如:Each student went to see that films. (学生至少二人)
            Every student went to the park.(学生至少三人)        
⑧other, the other, others, the others, another
other具有名词和形容词性质,既可指人,亦可指物。other常与定冠词the连用。
不定冠词an与other连用则组成another。other只作形容词或代词,表示“其他的,别的”,不可单独使用。
例如:Do you have any other questions?
the other作形容词或代词,特指两者中或两部分的另一个或另一部分。
例如:The bookshop is on the other side of the street.
 others相当于“other+名词”,泛指“别的人或物”,只有名词性用法。
例如:Some are planting trees, others are watering them.
the others相当于“the other+名词”,表示“剩下的,其余的”,特指除此之外的全部 人或物。
例如:There are forty-six students in our class. Two of them are foreign, the others are all Chinese.
another作形容词或代词,泛指三个或三个以上不定数目中的“另一个”。
例如:This pen is too expensive, please show me another.
⑨either, neither
either指“两者中的任何一个”;neither指“两者中无一”,具有否定意义。
例如:You can take either half.
Neither of the books is good.
⑩many, much, most
many和much具有名词和形容词的性质,都表示“许多、大量”。
Much一般只能指代或修饰不可数名词,many只能指代或修饰复数可数名词。Most指“大部分、大多数”。
例如:Many boys like playing soccer.
We have much homework to do every day.
Most students think so.
(11)few, a few, little, a little
a few 和a little 意为“少数、少量”,其意义是肯定的。
A few指代或修饰复数形式的可数名词,a little指代或修饰不可数名词。
Few 和little意为“几乎一点没有”,具有否定意义。
例如:He has a few friends here.
Hurry up! There is little time left.


不定代词的用法:
不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
位置
不定代词+形容词
不定代词+to do
作主语
Both of them are teachers.他们两人都是教师。
作宾语
I know nothing about this person.我对这个人一无所知。
作表语
This book is too much for a child.这本书对一个小孩来说太难了。
作定语
There is a little water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一些水。
作状语
I can't find my book anywhere.我在任何地方都不能找到我的书。
修饰不定代词的词,一般情况下要后置。
实意动词:
即行为动词,表示动作的动词。实义动词与系动词是相对的,能独立用作谓语。
它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种:
及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词;
不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词。

实意动词使用方法:
及物动词
后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如:
I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”
Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。
Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。

不及物动词
本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:
Birds fly.鸟会飞。
It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。
My watch stopped.我的表停了。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。

兼作及物动词和不及物动词
英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况
a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)
When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)
They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)
b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:
Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。
Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?


英汉实意动词用法比较:
与汉语的比较,有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:
a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,listen听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:
We arrived at the railway station at noon.
我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)
(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)
Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.
每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)
(比较:We all heard the lecture.)
Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)

b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。
Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.
我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务
用于be动词之后,实义动词之前。

 实意动词的用法:
肯定句:
主语+动词过去式+其它
否定句:
主语+助动词didn‘t+动词原型+其他
一般过去式:
Did+主语+动词原型+其他


特殊疑问句:
以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。
常用的疑问词有:what、who、whose、which、when、where、how、why等。
特殊疑问句的基本结构是“疑问词+一般疑问句”。
其回答应当是具体的。特殊疑问句句末一般用降调。 
例如:How do I get there? 
            Why not? 
            What about the sports news?
常用疑问词可先分为3种:
疑问代词:
what(什么)
who(谁,作主语)
which(哪个,在一定范围内选择)
whose(谁的,指附属关系)
whom(谁,作宾语)

疑问副词:
when(何时,询问时间)
where(何地,询问地点)
why(为什么,询问原因)
how(如何,询问手段,方式,工具以及程度)

疑问形容词:
what(which,whose)+名词
例词:
what time(什么时候) what colour(什么颜色)... ...
how much(多少) how long(多长)...

特殊疑问句的特点:
一、 特殊的疑问词:
特殊疑问句要由疑问代词或疑问副词开头,询问的内容不同, 使用的疑问词也不同。
我们学过的疑问词有what(询问事物), how much(询问价格), what time (询问时间,尤其是点钟), what kind of(询问种类), why(询问原因),who(询问人), where(询问地点) 等等。如:
—What is this? 这是什么?
—It's a key. 这是一把钥匙。
—How much is it? 这个多少钱?
—It's twenty dollars. 二十美元。
—What kind of movies do you like? 你喜欢哪一类型的电影?
—I like action movies. 我喜欢动作片。

二、特殊的语序:
特殊疑问句由疑问词开头,其构成是“疑问词 + 一般疑问句”。如:
What time is it? 现在几点钟?
Who is your teacher? 谁是你的老师?
特殊疑问句有两种语序:
1.如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序:
Who is singing in the room﹖
whose bike is broken﹖
2.如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语)
What does she like?
What class are you in﹖
Where are you from﹖
What time does he get up every morning﹖
How do you know﹖
 
三、特殊的答语:
特殊疑问句不能用yes, no来回答,而应根据它所询问的内容直接做出回答才行。如:
— What time is it, please? 请问几点了?
— It's 7:30. 七点半了。
— Where are they? 他们在哪儿?
—They're in the playground. 他们在操场上。
—What's your favorite subject? 你最喜爱的科目是什么?
—English. 英语。

四、 特殊的语调:
一般情况下,特殊疑问句要用降调(↘)来读。如:
Who's ↘that?
How old is↘Jack?
反义疑问句:
表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。
反意疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
1. 陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式可记为前肯后否。 
2. 陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式可记为前否后肯。
例如:This pencil is red, isn’t it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. 
               This pencil isn’t red, is it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
速记:
前肯后否,前否后肯,前be后be,前无be后加助,时态一致。

反意疑问句的回答
前肯后否,前否后肯,根据事实从后往前翻译。如:
(1)They work hard,don’t they?他们努力工作,不是吗?
Yes, they do.对,他们工作努力。/No, they don't.不,他们工作不努力
(2)They don’t work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作,是吗?
Yes, they do. 不,他们工作努力。/No, they don't. 是的, 他们工作不努力

否定反义疑问句的回答
当陈述部分为肯定式,反义疑问句为否定式时,其回答一般不会造成困难,一般只需照情况回答即可:
"It’s new, isn’t it?" "Yes, it is." “是新的,不是吗?”“是,是新的。”
"He wants to go, doesn’t he?" "No, he doesn’t." “他想去,不是吗?”“不,他不想去。”
此时,"Yes"即是,对前面"It's new."的肯定。

回答反义疑问句的原则
回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定,
如有人问你You are asleep, aren’t you? 你应回答No, I’m not. 因为既然你能回答,肯定你还没有asleep。
但如果别人问你 You aren’t asleep, are you?(你还没有睡着,对吗),你也只能回答No, I’m not.(是的,还没有睡着),而不能回答为Yes, I’m not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am.
“It is a beautiful flower,isn't it?” “It isn't a beautiful flower,is it?”
上述两句句子的回答肯定均为“Yes,it is."否定为“No,it isn't."
由上述例子可知,反义疑问句回答与句子本身所包含的中文肯定与否的含义并无太大关联,只需注意事实,肯定即用yes,否定用no,无需考虑句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否。

口诀:
反意疑问并不难,陈述疑问句中含。
前后肯否恰相反,否定词缀不能算。
主谓时态要一致,特殊情况记心田。
实际情况来回答,再把yes和no拣。
综上所述,反义疑问句回答就是按实际情况回答。
对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。
要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。
例:
—He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球,不是吗?
—Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是。
—His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?
—Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不,她参加了。/ 是的,她没参加。


快速记忆表:
陈述部分的谓语   疑问部分
I/主语   aren't I / are I
no,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little等否定含义的词   肯定含义
含有un-,in-.dis-,im-等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,视为肯定含义   否定含义
ought to(肯定的)   shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语
have to+v.(had to+v.)   don't +主语(didn't +主语)
used to+v.   didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语
had better + v.   hadn't you
would rather + v.   wouldn't +主语
you'd like to + v.   wouldn't +主语
must   根据实际情况而定
感叹句   be +主语
指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this   主语用it
并列复合句   谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
定语从句,宾语从句主从复合句   根据主句的谓语而定
think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导   与宾语从句相对应的从句
everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one   复数they, 单数he
情态动词dare或need   need/needn't (dare/daren't ) +主语
dare, need 为实义动词   do/don't +主语
省去主语的祈使句   will/won't you?
Let's 开头的祈使句   Shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句   Will you?
there be   相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词)
否定前缀不能视为否定词   仍用否定形式.
反意疑问句19条:
1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
11) 感叹句中,疑问部分用用否定的助动词加sb/sth?如:
1)What a fine day it is today!
What a fine day it is today,isn“t it?
2)How fast he runs!
How fast he runs,doesn”t he?
3)What a long time we have been waiting!
What a long time we have been waiting ,haven“t we?
12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:
a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注意: Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
有些动词如:cost hurt hit put 等,它们的过去时与原型相同,在肯定句中一定要先弄清楚它们是什么时态.
英语18种特殊的反意疑问句:
1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句,用will you 多表
示“请求”,用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如:    
Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板,好吗?   
Let 引导的祈使句有两种情况:   
1) Let's...后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如:   
Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧,好吗?    
还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。   
2) Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如:    
Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试,行吗?   
2. 感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。 例如:   
What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊,是吧?    
3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to,且这些词被用作实义动词时,其反意疑问 句需用do的适当形式。例如:   
He needs help, doesn't he? 他需要帮助,是吗?    
4. 陈述部分主、谓语是I am...时,反意疑问句用aren't I 或am't I ,而不是am not I (可 用a m I not)。例如:   
I'm working now, am't I? 我在工作,是吗?   
5. 陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如:    
Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音机出毛病了,是吧?   
6. 陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。 例如:   
Everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了,是吗?   
No one knows about it, do they? 没有人知道这件事,对吗?   
7. 陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it,当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时,其反意疑问句的主语用they。 例如:   
This is a plane, isn't it? 这是一架飞机,是吗?   
These are grapes,aren't they? 这些是葡萄,是吗?   
8. 陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句的主语可以用one,也可用you(美式英语用he)。例如:   
One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one? 每个人都应该乐于助人,是吧?   
9. 当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:few, little, seldom,hardly, never, not,  no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。 例如:    
He is never late for school, is he? 他上学从不迟到,是吗?   
10. 当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,其后的反意疑问句依然用否定结构。例如:   
   It is unfair, isn't it? 这不公平,是吧?   
11.含有否定含义的词在陈述部分作动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句用肯定结构,也可以用否定结构。例如:   
You got nothing from him, did you? 你从他那儿什么也没得到,是吗?   
12. 当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it。  例如:   
What you need is more important, isn't it?你需要的东西更重要,是吧?   
13. 当陈述部分含I think (believe, suppose...)that... 结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。例如:   
I don't think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来,对吗?   
14.have(has)不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做谓语时,其反意疑问句的助动词要用do, does, did。例如:   
They had a meeting just now,didn't they? 他们刚才开了个会,是吗?   
15. 陈述部分有have to 时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。例如:   
You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?你每天都要浇菜,对吧?   
16. 陈述部分是there be句型时,其反意疑问句中要用there。例如:   
There was a hospital here, wasn't there? 过去这儿有家医院,是吗?   
17. 陈述部分有had better时,反意疑问句中要用hadn't。 例如:   
We had better go to school at once, hadn't we? 我们现在最好马上去上学,好吗?
18. 当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,我们便要分析一下must的含义。如果must 作“一定;要;必须”讲,反意疑问句须用mustn't或needn't;
而当must作推测意义“一定 是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式。例如:    
He must work hard at physics, mustn't he? 他必须努力学物理,是吧?   
Tom must be at home,isn't he? 汤姆一定在家,是吧?
宾语从句:
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
宾语从句连接代词主要有:
who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever 等。

宾语从句的特点:
1.宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
2.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
3.连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成份,多数情况下可以省略。
4.whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句,但 whether后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。
5.如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it.

宾语从句的时态:
1.主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2.主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句:She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
4. 如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。 

宾语从句的语序:
A. 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。   
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.   
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B. 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。    
Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.   
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.  
C. 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.   
Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher. 
D.  主句一般过去时态,从句也要用过去时态。
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.   
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner

宾语从句的否定转移:
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等。
并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式。
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?


宾语从句中引导词的用法比较
在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:
连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代词:who, whose, what ,which
副词:when ,where, how, why 等。

(一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)
1.可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事项:当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句:I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.

2.在以下情况中that不能省略
a.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。
例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
b.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。
例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
c.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。
例句:I can’t tell him that his mother died.
d.注:许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。
例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.

(二)由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
1.由whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。
例句:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.

2.只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句
a.在带to的不定式前
例句:We decided whether to walk there.
b.在介词的后面
例句:I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
c.在动词后面的宾语从句时
例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
d.直接与or not连用时
例句:I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.

3.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
a.if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”
例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
b.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
例句:He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
c.引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时
例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.

if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
a.if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if
b.少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether. 
c. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
d.在不定式前只能用whether.
(如:I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。)
e.避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.

(三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
用于这种结构的动词常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
1.英语中的连接代词有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
例句:Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
2.英语中的连接副词有:when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分。
例句:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.


简化宾语从句常用六法:
方法一:
当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise等,
且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。
例如:
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.
→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him.
→We decided to help him.

方法二:当主句谓语动词是know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词,
且主句主语与从句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如:
She has forgotten how she can open the window.
→She has forgotten how to open the window.
注:当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词,
且后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如:
Could you tell me how I can get to the station?
→Could you tell me how to get to the station?

方法三:当主句的谓语动词是order(命令),require(需要)等时,
如果主句和从句的主语不一致,宾语从句可简化为“名词(代词)+不定式”结构。例如:
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.
→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

方法四:某些动词后的宾语从句,可以用介词加动名词(短语)等其他形式简化。例如:
He insisted that he should go with us.
→He insisted on going with us.
The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.
→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

方法五:某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式(作宾语补足语)”结构。例如:
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.
→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

方法六:动词seem后的宾语从句,也可以用不定式(短语)来简化,但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如:
It seemed that the boys were going to win.
→The boys seemed to win.
除上述方法外,还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如:
I found that it was difficult to learn English well.
→I found it difficult to learn English well.
Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.
→Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.
They found that the box was very heavy.
→They found the box very heavy



固定搭配:
英语中的固定搭配主要是指英语中的习惯用法,如有固定用法的一些动词短语、介词短语、名词词组及形容词词组。
例如:
take part in (参加) 
by accident (偶然地) 
lucky dog (幸运儿)
be interested in (对…感兴趣)

初中英语常见固定搭配:
(一)加-ing
enjoy / like doing sth 喜欢做----    
spend....(in) doing sth 在做---花费---  
try doing 试着做------                
be busy doing sth 忙于做------
finish doing sth 完成做----           
look forward to + doing sth 期待做----(现在进行时)
be doing 正在做---     
Thank you for (doing) sth 为了--感谢你

(二)加-to
decide to do sth 决定去做-----             
ask (sb)to do 要求(某人)去做----      
It’s+adj +to do sth . 做---(怎么样)        
would like / want to do 想要做-----    
It takes sb sometime to do sth在做----花费----

(三)加原形
let / make sb do sth 让某人做某事   
be going to / will do sth (一般将来时态)

(四)加-to 或-ing意思不同
forget doing 忘记做过了-----(已做)    
forget to do 忘记去做------(还没做)   
remember doing记得做过了-----(已做)
remember to do记得去做------(还没做)

(五)加-to 或-ing意思相同
begin / start to do sth = begin / start doing sth开始做------

(六)
A)动词+ 介词
agree with同意....的意见(想法);符合    
help ... with ...帮助(某人)做(某事)  listen to听...              
..get to到达....       
fall off (从......)掉下base on以....(为)根据     
knock at /on敲(门、窗)        
laugh at嘲笑
learn.. from 向...学习     
live on继续存在;靠...生活 
look after照顾,照看look at看;观看           
look for寻找             
look like看起来像
pay for (sth.)付钱;支付 
point at指示;指向          
point to指向....prefer to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢           
quarrel with (和某人)吵架
regard...as ...把....当作....;当作                 
stop...from阻止.....做.....
talk about说话;谈话;谈论                        
talk with与......交谈think about考虑                                  
think of认为;想起
B)动词+ 副词                                                     
ask for请求;询问       
carry on坚持下去;继续下去     
cut down砍倒 
clean up清除;收拾干净  
come down下来;落    
come along来;随同
come in进来            
come on来吧;跟着来;赶快 
come over过来;顺便来访           
come out出来;出现;(花)开;发(芽)      
drop off放下(某物);下车                              
eat up吃光;吃完
fall behind落在......后面;输给别人            
fall down跌倒;从......落下
find out查出(真相)                                
get back回来;取回
get down下来;落下;把......取下来             
get off下来;从......下来get on上(车)               
get up起床                
give up放弃go on继续               
go out出去     
go over过一遍;仔细检查
grow up长大;成长      
hand in交上来                
hurry up赶快
hold on (口语)等一等;(打电话时)不挂断             
look out留神;注意
look over (仔细)检查                            
look up向上看;抬头看  
pass on传递;转移到....                          
pick up拾起;捡起
put away放好;把....收起来  
put on穿上;戴上;(戏剧等)上演;放(唱片等
put down把(某物)放下来                             
put up挂起;举起
run away流失;逃跑;逃走 
rush out冲出去 
set off出发;动身;
启程send up发射;把......往上送  
shut down把......关上      
sit down坐下
slow down减缓;减速      
take off脱掉(衣服)          
take out取出
throw about乱丢;抛撒                          
trip over (被......)绊倒
try on试穿(衣服、鞋等);试戴(帽子等)                
try out试验;尝试
turn down关小;调低        
turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等
turn off关(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等)           
turn over (使)翻过来
wake up醒来                               
wear out把......穿旧;磨坏
work out算出;制订出                               
write down写下....
C) be + 形容词+ 介词                                              
be angry with对(某人)发脾气              
 be interested in对......感兴趣 
be able to能;会                                   
 be afraid of害怕
be amazed at对......感到惊讶            
be excited about对......感到兴奋
be filled with用......充满                            
be full of充满......的
be good at =do well in在....方面做得好;善于             
be late for迟到
be made in在......生产或制造            
be made of由....组成;由....
be pleased with对......感到满意              
be proud of以......自豪/高兴
be used for用于
D)动词+ 名词/ 代词                                               
beg one′s pardon请原谅;对不起         
do morning exercises做早操
do one′s homework做作业                                           
enjoy oneself =have a good time过得快乐;玩得愉快                   
give a concert开音乐会     
go boating去划船      
go fishing去钓鱼go hiking去徒步旅行     
go skating去滑冰     
go shopping (去)买东西
have a cold (患)感冒    
have a cough (患)咳嗽  
have a headache (患)头痛  
have a try尝试;努力    
have a look看一看         
have a rest休息 
have a seat (= take a seat ) 就坐;坐下        
have sports进行体育活动  
have supper吃晚餐   
hear of听说   
hold a sports meeting举行运动会
make a decision作出决定  
make a mistake犯错误  
make a noise吵闹
make faces做鬼脸      
make friends交朋友       
make money赚钱
take one′s place坐某人的座位;代替某人的职务                       
teach oneself (=learn by oneself ) 自学                  
watch TV看电视 
take photos照相       
take time花费(时间)         
take turns轮流
E)动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词                                  
catch up with赶上           
come up with找到;提出(答案、解决办法等)
get on well with与......相处融洽                   
give birth to生(孩子) 
help yourself / yourselves to自取;随便吃   
make room for给.....腾出地方
play a joke on戏弄人;对人恶作剧              
speak highly of称赞   
say good bye to告别;告辞               
take an active part in积极参加
take care of照顾;照料;注意
F)其他类型                                                        
be awake醒着的          
be born出生         
be busy doing忙着做
come true实现     
do one′s best尽最大努力     
fall asleep睡觉;入睡  
go home回家    
go on doing (sth.)继续做某事;尽力   
get married结婚
get together相聚                  
go straight along  沿着...一直往前走
had better (do)最好(做...)                    
keep doing sth.一直做某事        
make sure确保;确认;查明               
make up one′s mind下决心


疑问词组:
即使由疑问词和一些词一起构成的表示疑问的词组。由how/what与另外一个词组成的词组。
例如:
how many (后接可数名词,多少), how much (后接不可数名词,多少), 
how often (表示频率), what if (如果…将会怎么样), 
what about (…怎么样), what time (几点)

与how搭配的疑问词组:
How在英语中通常用作副词,是特殊疑问句中本领最大的疑问词。他与其它形容词或副词搭配组成疑问词组
1.How old问年龄、年代。
How old is your friend? 你朋友多大了?
How old is the bridge? 这座桥有多少年代了?
2.How many问可数名词数量。常将可数名词复数紧随其后。如:
How many pictures are there on the wall? 墙上有多少幅画?
How many glasses of milk would you like? 你们想要几杯牛奶?
3.How much询问不可数名词的数量、物品的价格。
How much money is there in the purse? 钱包里有多少钱?
How much are the apples at the moment? 目前苹果什么价钱?
4.How long提问物体的长度、时间的长短。
How long is the Changjia River? 长江有多长?
How long does it take you to do your homework every day?
你每天花多长时间做作业?
5.How soon 对 “in+一段时间 ”提问, 表示“多久之后”。
How soon will you be back? 你多久后回来?
6.How often对表示频率的副词或短语提问。
How often does Mrs. Green go shopping? 格林夫人多久去购一次物?
7.How about用来征求对方意见。
Your father is a worker, how about your mother? 你父亲是工人,你母亲呢?
How about playing games after school this afternoon? 下午放学后做游戏怎么样?
8.How far 问两地间的距离How tall问人(树)的高度;how heavy问重量;how wide问宽;how high可以询问建筑物、山峰高度。
How far is it from the earth to the moon? 从地球到月球有多远?
How tall is Yao Ming? 姚明身高多少?
How heavy is that big box? 那只大箱子有多重?
How wide is the new street? 这条新街有多宽?
How high is the tower in Paris? 巴黎的那座塔有多高?

与what搭配的疑问词组:

疑问词 意思 用法 例句
what 什么 用来问是什么,叫什么,做什么等 1. What’s your name?
你叫什么名字?
2.What’s your father?
你爸爸是干什么的?
3.what is in your box?
你的盒子里是什么?
what
time
什么时间 用来问时间 1.What time is it?  几点了?
2.What time is it now?
现在几点了?
what
colour
什么颜色 用来问颜色 1.waht colour is your bag?
你的书包是什么颜色?
2.what colour is your book?
你的书本是什么颜色?
what
about
怎么样 用来征求意见或询问感受等,
大多用于承接上面的同样问题

1.what bout this pair of shoes?这双鞋子怎么样?
2.what about you? 你呢?
3.what about your dad?
你爸爸呢?

what
day
星期几 用来问星期几 1.what day is it today?
今天星期几?
2. what day was yesterday?
昨天星期几?
what
date
什么日期 问具体的日期 1.What’s the date today?
今天是几号?
2. what date is tomorrow?
明天是几号?
what...for... 为何目的 用来问目的,在一定情况下只可以与why互换 What did you buy that for?
你为什么要买那个?