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小学六年级英语

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  • 句型转换
    句型转换。
    1. Lily often does some reading in the morning. (改为否定句)
    Lily _______ often _______ some reading in the morning.
    2. Sometimes Igo to the cinemawith Nick on Saturday. (就画线部分提问)
    _______ _______ _______ sometimes ________ with Nick on Saturday?
    3. We go to school from Monday to Friday. (同义句改写)
    We go to school ________ ________ ________ _______.
    4. What does Kate do? (同义句改写)
    ________ Kate's ________ ?
    5. He goes to school by bus. (同义旬)
    He _______ ________ _______ _______ school.
    本题信息:2012年模拟题英语句型转换难度一般 来源:张雪
  • 本题答案
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本试题 “句型转换。1. Lily often does some reading in the morning. (改为否定句)Lily _______ often _______ some reading in the morning.2. Sometimes Igo to th...” 主要考查您对

疑问代词

时间副词

实义动词

否定句

特殊疑问句

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 疑问代词
  • 时间副词
  • 实义动词
  • 否定句
  • 特殊疑问句
疑问代词:
在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句,主要用于询问“何人”、“何事”、“什么”。
常见的疑问代词如下表所示:

疑问代词

替代范围

who

whom

whose

which

人、事、物

what

事、物


时间副词:
常见时间副词的有now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early, today tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just 等。

 时间副词在句中的位置:
 (1) 表确定时间的副词(如today, yesterday等)通常位于句末,强调时可以放在句首,但不位于句中:
 He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home. 他昨天回家了。
 而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如 soon, recently, suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外,还可位于句中(通常位于实意动词之前,动词be、助动词、情态动词之后):
 He went to Paris recently. / He recently went to Paris. / Recently he went to Paris. 最近他去了巴黎。

(2)如果句子中有两个或两个以上的时间副词,一般小时间在前,大时间在后。例如:
   An earthquake took place in the downtown at around 8 p. m. last night. 昨晚大概8点市中心发生了地震。

(3) still, already, just 等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前,动词be、助动词、情态动词之后):
 He’s just left for school. 他刚刚去学校。
 I have already finished my work. 我已经做完了工作。
 当要表示强调时,still和already也可位于动词be、助动词等之前:
 She was still [still was] beautiful at the age of forty. 她到了40岁仍然很美。
 I already have told him about it. 我已经把情况告诉他了。
 still若用于否定句,则总是位于助动词之前:
 I still don’t understand what you mean. 我还是不明白你的意思。
 另外,still 和already 还可位于句末,表示惊奇:
 Are you on page one still? 你还在看第1页?
Is your mother back already? 你妈妈就已经回来了?
表示时间的名词和副词作状语的区分:
1.名词能同介词组合成介词短语,副词不能。
比如,能同介词“在、到、从”组合的就是名词,否则就是副词。
例如:“最近、立刻、马上、现在、正在、目前、今天、早已、早就、早上、过去、然后、向来、将来、即将、午前、平素、平时”等,
其中的“最近、现在、目前、今天、早上、过去、将来、午前、平时”能跟介词“在、到、从”组合成介词短语,是表示时间的名词,其余的不能组合,是表示时间的副词。

2.时间名词可以作主语、宾语,时间副词不能。
如可以说“现在是休息时间。”“噩梦醒来是早晨。”其中的“现在、早晨”分别是句子的主语和宾语,都是时间名词。   
   

实义动词:
与系动词是相对的,系动词亦称连系动词,作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
实义动词意思完全,能独立用作谓语。
实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词(及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词;
不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词)即行为动词,表示动作的动词。
实义动词(又称行为动词):表示行为或状态,有完全的词义,能独立作谓语。
如:I go to school by bus. 我乘公交车去上学。
        The students clean their classroom every day. 学生每天打扫教室。


及物动词:
后面必须跟宾语,意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。
英语中的及物动词有:interest,worry,guss,please,surprise,love等
例如:I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
“How long can I keep the book ”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”
Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。
Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。

不及物动词:

本身意义完整,后面不用跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。
Birds fly.鸟会飞。
It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。
My watch stopped.我的表停了。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。

兼作及物动词和不及物动词:
英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。
这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:
a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)
When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)
They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)
b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:
Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。
Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?

与汉语的比较
有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法完全不一样,请注意下列两种情况:
a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,listen听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:
We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)
Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)
Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可以省去)
b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。
Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务
特殊实义动词:
英语动词很多既是及物动词又是不及物动词,如
close, begin, study, leave, work等。
①The post office closes at 9:00 p. m.邮局晚上9点关门。
②Close the window,please.请关窗。
③Shall we begin now?我们现在开始吗?
④ Bill began working as a sailor after he left school.比尔毕业后当水手。
⑤They left yesterday.他们昨天离开的。
⑥When did you leave Washington?你什么时候离开华盛顿的?
⑦The students study hard.这些学生学习努力。
⑧The students study English and German.这些学生学习英语和德语。
⑨He works in a supermarket.他在一家超市工作。
⑩He works the machine on Mondays.他星期一操作这台机器。

否定句:
表示否定的句子。必须有否定词。
否定句的构成形式:
a. 谓语为be动词时,“be+not "一名学生。
b. 谓语为实义动词而且没有情态动词和助动词时,“do/ does/ did+not"构成否定。 
例:I do not like dancing. 我不喜欢跳舞。 
      He does not want to go to school. 他不想去上学。
c. 谓语为“情态动词+实义动词”时,“情态动词+not”构成否定。 
例:You must not smoke. 你千万不要吸烟。 
       I can not catch it. 我抓不住它。
否定句在英语语法中可以分为九类:
(1)一般否定句
I don't know this. No news is good news.
There is no person(smoking)/not a person/not any person(smoking)in the house.
(2)特指否定
He went to his office, not to see him.
I am sorry for not coming on time.
I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.
(3)部分否定
All the answers are not right
All is not gold that glitters
I don't know all of them.
I can't see everybody/everything.
Both of them are not right.
(4)全体否定
None of my friends smoke.
I can see nothing/nobody.
Neither of them is right.
Nothing can be so simple as this.
(5)延续否定
You didn't see him, neither/nor did I.
You don't know, I don't know either.
He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of(更不用说)French.
(6)半否定句
We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.
I know little English. I saw few people.
(7)双重否定
You can't make something out of nothing.
What's done cannot be undone.
There is no sweet without sweat.
No gain without pains.
I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.
No man is so old but(that)he can learn.
(8)排除否定
Everyone is ready except you.
He did nothing but play.
But for your help, I couldn't do it.
(9)加强否定
I won't do it at all.
I can't see it any more.
He is no longer a boy.

否定转移的形式与用法:
一、动词的否定转移
1.形式上否定主句的谓语,实际上是否定从句的谓语
当动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”的主语是第一人称,谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时,它们的否定式实际上是对宾语从句的否定。
表示说话者提出一种委婉的看法或主张。如:
I think that he will help us.——I don’t think that he will help us. 我认为它不会帮助我们。
I believe that he is right.——I don’t believe that he is right. 我认为他不对。
I suppose that he likes it.——I don’t suppose that he likes it. 我想他不喜欢它。

2. 形式上否定谓语动词,实际上否定复合宾语
当动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”、“find”的主语是第一人称,谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时,它们前面的否定式实际上是对复合宾语的否定。表示说话者所提出的一种委婉的看法或主张。如:
I think math difficult. — I don’t think math difficult. 我认为数学不难。
I find the story interesting. — I don’t find the story interesting. 我认为这个故事没有趣。
I expect so. —I don’t expect so. 我认为不会。

二、动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”在下列情况下,否定不转移:
1.这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时,否定不转移。如:
I believe and hope he won’t do that. 我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。
I feel and admit that we are not foolish. 我觉得并且也承认我们并不愚蠢。

2.用于疑问句时,否定不转移。如:
Do you think it is not going to rain? 你认为天不会下雨吗?
Don’t you believe that he has done a good thing? 难道你不相信他做了一件好事?

3.用作插入语时,否定不转移。如:
Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you. 我想李蕾不会生你的气。
Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it. 我猜想汤姆不会反对。
Mike, I believe, hasn’t seen the film. 我认为迈克没有看这场电影。

4.动词前有其他副词修饰时,否定不转移。如:
I really don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now. 我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。
I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing. 我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。

5.动词为非一般现在时或主语不是第一人称时,否定不转移。
I thought that he wouldn’t come back soon. 我原以为他不会回来得这么快。
She didn’t believe that he became a good boy. 她不相信它变成了一个好孩子。
He thinks that he isn’t fit for the job. 他认为他不适合这件工作。
He doesn’t believe that what we told him is true. 他不相信我们告诉他的事是真的。

6.当宾语从句中含的否定为“not……at all”、“not a little”、“not a few”、“not enough”、“can’t help”等固定搭配时,否定不转移。如:
I think that he doesn’t know it at all. 我想他对那一点也不知道。
I suppose that it is not enough to remember the words if you want to learn the language well. 我认为如果你想把这门语言学好,那么只记单词是不够的。
I believe that you can’t help singing our national anthem when you win the first place in the Olympic Games. 我相信当你在奥运会上获得第一名时你会情不自禁地唱起国歌来。

7.当宾语从句中含“no”、“nothing”、“nobody”、“nowhere”、“hardly”、“seldom”、“little”、“few”等否定词或半否词时,否定不转移。如:
I believe that nothing can make me give it up. 我想任何事情也不能使我放弃。
I think that no one can escape if the ship sinks in the sea. 我认为如果这艘船沉入海底的话,那么谁也逃不掉。
I suppose that he is a man of few words. 我猜想他是一个言语不多的人。


特殊疑问句:
以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。
常用的疑问词有:what、who、whose、which、when、where、how、why等。
特殊疑问句往往是就其中的某一成分,进行提问,而且根据情况直接回答,不能用yes或no简单回答。
常见的疑问代词有who, whose, which, what;疑问副词有when, where, why, how。
例:What do you do on Sunday? 你周日的时候干什么? 
    Which class are you in? 你在哪个班? 
    Where does Mr. Li live? 李先生住在哪? 
    Why are you late? 你为什么迟到?

特殊疑问句的构成:
一、 特殊的疑问词。
特殊疑问句要由疑问代词或疑问副词开头,询问的内容不同, 使用的疑问词也不同。
我们学过的疑问词有:
what(询问事物), how much(询问价格),what time (询问时间,尤其是点钟), what kind of(询问种类),why(询问原因),who(询问人), where(询问地点) 等等。如:
—What is this? 这是什么?
—It's a key. 这是一把钥匙。
—How much is it? 这个多少钱?
—It's twenty dollars. 二十美元。
—What kind of movies do you like? 你喜欢哪一类型的电影?
—I like action movies. 我喜欢动作片。

二、特殊的语序。
特殊疑问句由疑问词开头,其构成是“疑问词 + 一般疑问句”。如:
What time is it? 现在几点钟?
Who is your teacher? 谁是你的老师?

三、特殊的答语。
特殊疑问句不能用yes, no来回答,而应根据它所询问的内容直接做出回答才行。如:
— What time is it, please? 请问几点了?
— It's 7:30. 七点半了。
— Where are they? 他们在哪儿?
—They're in the playground. 他们在操场上。
—What's your favorite subject? 你最喜爱的科目是什么?
—English. 英语。

四、 特殊的语调。
一般情况下,特殊疑问句要用降调(↘)来读。如:
Who's ↘that?
How old is↘Jack?

特殊疑问句有两种语序:
1.如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序:
Who is singing in the room﹖
whose bike is broken﹖
2.如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句【特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语】
What does she like?
What class are you in﹖
Where are you from﹖
What time does he get up every morning﹖
How do you know﹖


就划线部分提问的基本方法:
小学对特殊疑问句的考查主要采取对划线句子提问的方式,那么在句型转换就划线部分提问的基本方法是:
先根据划线部分词语的意思和句法功能确定用什么疑问词;
然后将原句变为一般疑问句跟在疑问词的后面即可(注意去掉划线部分)。
基本构成:疑问词+一般疑问句
A、对“物”划线用What。 
  This is an orange. → What is this?
  We can see a cat under the desk. → What can you see under the desk?
B、对“地点”划线用Where,如果“地点”作定语时,用Which后跟被修饰的那个名词。 
  He is under the tree. → Where is he? 
  Jenny is in the classroom. → Where is Jenny? 
C、对“年龄”划线用How old。 
  Miss Li is twenty-three. → How old is Miss Li? 
  My sister is five years old. → How old is your sister?
D、对“颜色”划线,用What colour。 
  Her sweater is red. → What colour is her sweater? 
E、对“可数名词的数量”划线用How many +复数名词。
  She has one red coat. → How many red coats does she have?
  I have six books. → How many books do you have?
F、对“不可数名词的数量”划线用How much+不可数名词。
 I want to buy three kilos of meat. →How much meat do you want to buy?
G、对“职业”划线用What。 
  She is a driver. → What is she?
  My father is a farmer. → What is your father?
H、对“星期几”划线用What day。
 It's Sunday today. → What day is it today?
I、对“时间”划线用What time。
 We go to school at seven in the morning. → What time do you go to school in the morning?
  It is five o’clock now. → What time is it?