本试题 “Change the forms of the following sentences. 句型转换。1. I can go to the park with you this afternoon.(改为否定句) 2. Danny ismaking a call.(对...” 主要考查您对情态动词
现在进行时,现在分词
助动词
一般疑问句
特殊疑问句
日常用语、谚语
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
情态动词:
是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。
情态动词后面加动词原形。情态动词词义不完全,不能单独作谓语,只能与动词原形一起构成谓语。
情态动词有四类:
①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might)……
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,will
③具有情态动词特征:have(had,has) to,used to,ought to
④情态动词表猜测:一肯一否三不定(must一肯,can not一否,may,might,could,三不定。)
注:mustn't代表强烈禁止 must表示主观,have to表示客观。
常用的有:can may could must have use .(can,may,must,should,need)
例:Kate can swim. 凯特会游泳。
May I borrow your dictionary, Ann? 安,我可以借用你的字典吗?
Shall we meet at seven o’clock tomorrow? 我们明天七点见面怎么样?
比较can 和be able to:
1.can/could 表示能力;可能 (过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。
be able to可以用于各种时态。例如:
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2.只用be able to的情况:
a.位于助动词后。
b.情态动词后。
c.表示过去某时刻动作时。
d.用于句首表示条件。
e.表示成功地做了某事时,用was/were able to,不能用could。例如:
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。
注意:could有时不表示时态
1.提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。例如:
Could I have the television on? 我能看电视吗?
Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 可以/不可以。
2.在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如:
He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。
比较may和might:
1.表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。例如:
May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你!
He might be at home. 他可能在家。
注意:might 表示推测时,不表示时态,只是可能性比may 小。
2.成语:may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为"不妨"。例如:
If that is the case, we may as well try.如果情况确实如此,我们不妨试一试。
比较have to和must:
1.两词都是“必须”的意思,have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。例如:
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard.
他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)
2.have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。例如:
He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。
3.否定结构中:don't have to表示"不必",mustn't表示"禁止"。例如:
You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it.你不得把这件事告诉他。
比较shall和should:
1).shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。
What shall we do this evening?
2).shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
①. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)
②. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)
③. He shall be punished.(威胁)
will和would的用法:
1.表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。如:
Would you pass me the book?
2.表示意志、愿望和决心。如:
I will never do that again.
They asked if we would do that again.
3.用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测,主要用于第二、三人称。
前者表示对目前情况的推测,后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。如:
This will be the book you want.
He will have arrived by now.
The guests would have arrived by that time.
I thought you would have finished this by now.
4.will表示习惯、请求,固有性质等。
Everyday he will sit here hour after hour doing nothing.(习惯)
Will you help me with my English?(请求)
The door won't open. (固有性质)
5.Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
Would表过去习惯时比used to正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如:
The wound would not heal.
During the vacation he would visit me every week。
6.表料想或猜想。如:
It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there?
I thought he would have told you all about it.
情态动词用法口诀:
情态动词两特点,动词原形接后面,说话语气较委婉。
can"能力"may"许可",must"责任"或"义务"。
否定回答needn’t换,"需要"need,dare"敢"。
should"应该",would"愿",haveto"被迫"表客观。
现在进行时:
表示动作发生的时间是“现在”,动作目前的状态是“正在进行中”。所谓“正在进行中”,是指在谈到这件事的时候,这个动作还在进行中。
现在进行时由“系动词am/ is/ are+动词-ing形式”构成。
例:We are reading the text. 我们正在读课文。
My sister is working in a hospital. 我的妹妹在医院工作。
They are watching TV now. 他们正在看电视。
What are you doing, Li Lei? 你现在正在干什么,李雷?
一般现在时与现在进行时的区别:
一、准确理解两种时态的主要含义:
(一)一般现在时:
1.表示事物的本质特性或客观存在,没有时限性。
The table ____ soft。(feels) 表特性特征。
Japan ___ in the east of China。 (lives) 表客观事实
2.现阶段经常性、习惯性的行为,可带频率时间。
The shop closes at 7:30 p.m.
Father doesn’t smoke. (习惯)
3.表说话时的状态,感觉或结果,一般用状态动词,如:It doesn’t matter. Does it hurt? (感觉结果)
4.特殊用法:
-在条件、时间、让步从句中用现在时代替将来。
-If you go there,I’ll help you.
—用在begin,come,go,leave,return,open,close 等短暂谓语动词表规定计划。
The plane takes off at 11:30. (不受主观支配的计划)
-在剧本、解说、标题或there(here)开头的句中表进行
There goes the bell/Here comes Mr.Wang.
I declare the meeting opens.(正在宣布)
He meets the ball and hits back to No.2 (正在发生)
(二)现在进行时:
1.说话时正在发生,进行的动作
Look! Dark clouds are gathering . (正在发生)
2.表现阶段正在进行,但此刻不一定正在进行的事。
He usually gets up at 6:00,but this week he is getting up at 7:00. (现阶段正在进行,但说话时不一定在起床)
3.现在进行时的特殊意义
-表示主观打算常用于 go,come,leave,start,begin 等,位移、趋向动词。
How long are you staying here (准备停留)
-表示眼前刚过去的语意即“话音刚落”,适用于tell,say,talk,discuss ….
You don’t believe it You know I’m telling the truth.
-表示安慰、关心、喜欢、讨厌等感情色彩。
He is always making noises in class. (讨厌)
-在条件、时间、让步状语从句中表示将来正在进行。
Don’t bother him if he is reading this time tomorrow.
二、严格区分进行时与一般时的语义
1.持续动词的一般时表持续情况,经常性,习惯性行为或客观存在的事实,进行时表暂时性或有限时刻的持续。
2.短暂动词的一般时叙述事实,特征,能力而短暂动作进行时描述反复发生,即将发生或刚开始行为。
3.短暂动词和静态动词一般时表示实际情况客观状态、结果、特征、特性,进行时表未完成含开始或渐进之意。
The bus stops. (车停了-事实)
The bus is stopping. (渐渐停下来)
I love the job. (静态事实)
I am loving the job. ( 渐渐爱上了)
4.come,go,leave,start,return,move,reach,sail,fall 等一般时态表客观规定计划,进行时表主观打算推测。
Flight 254 leaves at 5:30. (表客观规定计划)
The plane is taking off an hour later.(主观判断)
5.现在进行时带always,continually, constantly, for ever等频率副词表感情色彩,一般现在时则没有此用法。
现在进行时的构成是:
主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式
人称 |
构成形式 |
第一人称单数 |
I+am+ing. |
第一人称复数 |
We+are+ing. |
第二人称单(复)数 |
You+are+ing |
第三人称单数 |
He(She,it)+is+ing |
第三人称复数 |
They+are+ing |
句式 |
|
肯定句 |
主语+be(is/am/are)+现在分词 |
否定句 |
主语+be(is/am/are)+not+现在分词 |
一般疑问句 |
(is/am/are)+主语+现在分词 |
be特殊疑问句 |
特殊疑问词+相应be动词+主语+现在分词+Sth? |
词 |
构成 |
举例 | |
一般情况 |
词尾+ing |
动词原形 |
现在分词 |
go |
going | ||
以不发音字母e结尾 |
去e,再加ing |
write |
writing |
以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅以字母 |
双写词尾+ing |
run |
running |
以ie结尾的重读闭音节 |
变ie为y+ing |
die lie |
dying lying |
结尾为c且c读作/k/时 |
在结尾加k再加ing |
picnic | picnicking |
助动词:
协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词,被协助的动词称作主要动词。
构成时态和语态:助动词是语法功能词,自身没有词义,不可单独使用,它没有对应的汉译,
例如:Hedoesn'tlikeEnglish.他不喜欢英语。(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
一般疑问句的改写:
一、含有be动词的一般疑问句,通常把be动词调到句首。例如:
陈述句:They are in the swimming pool.
一般疑问句:Are they in the swimming pool?
注意:一般疑问句句末要用“?”。
二、含有情态动词的一般疑问句(can, may...),把情态动词调到句首。例如:
陈述句:He can drive a car.
一般疑问句: Can he drive a car?
三、含有have的一般疑问句,have译为“有”。一般疑问句式有两种形式:
1.把have/has调到句首。例如:
陈述句:Tommy has a computer.
一般疑问句:Has Tommy/he a computer?
2.加助动词do/does,第三人称单数用does,其他人称用do。其句型为:Do/Does + 主语 + have...?
例如上句可变为: Does Tommy have a computer?
四、一般动词的一般疑问句,也要借助助动词do/does,第三人称单数用does,其余人称用do。
其句型为:Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形+其它?
陈述句:Amy speaks English.
一般疑问句:Does Amy speak English?
一般疑问句的回答:
首先要有人称的改变。当主语为名词时,在答语中要改成其相应的代词。
另外,答语有两种,肯定的回答(用yes)和否定的回答(用no),否定式常用缩写形式。
现在还是让我们分句型一一说明。
一、一般疑问句含be动词时,用be动词回答,句末用句号。例如:
-Is Mary your sister?
-Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.(缩写)
二、一般疑问句含有情态动词(can, may, should等)时,用情态动词回答。例如:
-May I come in?
-Yes, you may. / No, you can’t.
三、一般疑问句含有have(译为“有”)时,有两种回答方式。
1.直接用have/has回答。
例如:
-Have they any pictures?
-Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
2.用助动词do/does回答。
例如:
-Does Millie smoke?
-Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
四、一般动词的一般疑问句回答时也用助动词。
例如:
-Do the workers live in London?
-Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.
特殊疑问句的构成:
一、 特殊的疑问词。
特殊疑问句要由疑问代词或疑问副词开头,询问的内容不同, 使用的疑问词也不同。
我们学过的疑问词有:
what(询问事物), how much(询问价格),what time (询问时间,尤其是点钟), what kind of(询问种类),why(询问原因),who(询问人), where(询问地点) 等等。如:
—What is this? 这是什么?
—It's a key. 这是一把钥匙。
—How much is it? 这个多少钱?
—It's twenty dollars. 二十美元。
—What kind of movies do you like? 你喜欢哪一类型的电影?
—I like action movies. 我喜欢动作片。
二、特殊的语序。
特殊疑问句由疑问词开头,其构成是“疑问词 + 一般疑问句”。如:
What time is it? 现在几点钟?
Who is your teacher? 谁是你的老师?
三、特殊的答语。
特殊疑问句不能用yes, no来回答,而应根据它所询问的内容直接做出回答才行。如:
— What time is it, please? 请问几点了?
— It's 7:30. 七点半了。
— Where are they? 他们在哪儿?
—They're in the playground. 他们在操场上。
—What's your favorite subject? 你最喜爱的科目是什么?
—English. 英语。
四、 特殊的语调。
一般情况下,特殊疑问句要用降调(↘)来读。如:
Who's ↘that?
How old is↘Jack?
特殊疑问句有两种语序:
1.如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序:
Who is singing in the room﹖
whose bike is broken﹖
2.如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句【特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语】
What does she like?
What class are you in﹖
Where are you from﹖
What time does he get up every morning﹖
How do you know﹖
英语常用语和谚语举例:
常用谚语:
1.A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。
2.A bad thing never dies. 遗臭万年。
3.A bad workman always blames his tools.不会撑船怪河弯。
4.A bird in the hand is worth than two in the bush.一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。
5.A boaster and a liar are cousins-german.吹牛与说谎本是同宗。
6.A bully is always a coward. 色厉内荏。
7.A burden of one's choice is not felt. 爱挑的担子不嫌重。
8.A candle lights others and consumes itself. 蜡烛照亮别人,却毁灭了自己。
9.A cat has 9 lives. 猫有九条命。
10.A cat may look at a king. 人人平等。
11.A close mouth catches no flies. 病从口入。
12.A constant guest is never welcome. 常客令人厌。
13.Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。
14.Adversity leads to prosperity. 穷则思变。
15.Adversity makes a man wise, not rich. 逆境出人才。
16.A fair death honors the whole life. 死得其所,流芳百世。
17.A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。
18.A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑,长一智。
19.A fox may grow gray, but never good. 江山易改,本性难移。
20.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
常用语:
1.All right.
2.May I speak to Betty?
3.I'm Betty.
4.That's Betty.
5.She's speaking.
6.Would you like something to drink?
7.Yes,I'd like some coffee.
8. Yes,I'd like some cakes.
9.Yes, I do.
10.Yes, I can.
11.Would you like some fish?
12.No,of course not.
13.No,thanks.
14.No,I don't
15.Please don't
16.What can I do for you?
17.I can do it.
18.I'd like some oranges.
19.You can do it.
20.Yes,you do.
21.How much is the sweater?
22.There are many.
23.It's two kilos.
24.Thirty yuan.
25.There is much.
26.Excuse me ,Can you tell me the way to the No.1 People's Hospital,Pleace?
27.No, uou can't go there.
28.Yes,please.
29.Yes,it's next to that park.
30.How do you say that in English?
31.It's a picture.
32. It's "图画"
33.You can speak English.
34.You can say it in English.
35.Take good care of the books.
36.All right.Thank you.
37.Yes,I am.Thank you.
38.Yes, I do. 39.Yes, let's.
40.Don't read in the sun.It 's bad for your eyes.
41.Please do.
42.You're welcome.
43.Let's go to school.
44.Yes, please go there.
45.OK,Let's
46.Yes,I can.
47.Yes,you do.
与“Change the forms of the following sentences. 句型转换。1....”考查相似的试题有: