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Compared to people with bad attitudes , people who are cheerful and relaxed are less
likely to suffer from colds, according to a new study. " It'spossiblethatbeingupbeathelpsthe
bodyfight illnesses", says Sheldon Cohen, the study's lead researcher from Camegie Mellon
University( CMU) in Pittsburgh.
In a previous study,Cohen and his colleagues put cold-causing viruses into the noses
of 334 healthy adults. People who tended to be cheerful and lively were least likely to
develop sniffles, coughs , and other cold symptoms. People who showed positive feelings
were also less likely to mention symptoms to their doctors , even whenmedical tests
detected thosesymptoms.
Those findings were interesting, but they didn't prove that a person's attitude affects
whether he or she gets sick. Instead,it was still possible that a person's underlying
personality is what matters.Evidence suggests, for instance, that certain people are
naturally more likely to be outgoing and optimistic , with high self-esteem and a sense
of control over life. This would mean that who we are, not how we feel, ultimately
decides our chances of catching colds.
To figure out which mattered more ( personality or emotions) , the CMU team
interviewed 193 healthy adults. The researchers talked to each person over the phone
every evening for 2 weeks. At the end of the interviewing period, people got nose drops
that contained either cold or flu viruses. Then, each person stayed in an isolated room
for 5 0r 6 days. The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get
infected. Their symptoms, however, differed depending on the types of emotions that
they had reported over the previous 2 weeks. Among those who reported good moods
and had been infected with the flu virus, for example,28 percent developed coughs and
stuffy noses. On the other hand, those symptoms struck 41 percent of people who had
been less upbeat.
1. What would be the best title for the passage?_____
A. Smiles Turn Away Colds
B. An Interesting Way to Beat Colds
C. Be Outgoing and Optimistic to Fight Colds
D. What Matters More, Personality or Emotions?
2. In the previous study, people who showed positive feelings______
A. didn't catch colds as often
B. developed cold symptoms more slowly
C. were less likely to have cold symptoms detected
D. were less likely to feel cold symptoms
3. What mainly decides our chances of catching colds according to the new study?______
A. Personality. B. Self-esteem.
C. Emotions.D. Attitudes.
4. The underlined word " symptoms"probably means _________ .
A. something that causes cold
B. something that results in cold
C. signs that something exists , especially something bad
D. changes in your body or mind that show that you are not healthy

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