本试题 “be sent to work there?[ ]A. Who do you suggestB. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who shouldD. Do you suggest who should” 主要考查您对虚拟语气
插入语
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
虚拟语气的概念：
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气在条件句中的应用：
一、真实条件句：
真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是如果的意思。
时态关系句型：条件从句：一般现在时；主句：shall/will+动词原形
如：If he comes, he will bring his violin.
典型例题：
The volleyball match will be put off if it___.
A. will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. is rained
答案：B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will。
如： （错） If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
（对） If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
二、非真实条件句：
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a. 同现在事实相反的假设。
句型：从句：一般过去时；主句：should(would)+动词原形
如：If they were here, they would help you.
b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型：条件从句：过去完成时；主句：should(would)have+过去分词
如：If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
c.表示对将来的假想句型：
条件从句：一般过去时；主句：should+动词原形
从句： were+不定式；主句：would+动词原形 should+动词原形
如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
三、混合条件句：
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
如：If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
比较if only与only if：
only if表示“只有”；if only则表示“如果……就好了”。If only也可用于陈述语气。
如：I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。
If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
It is(high) time that It is(high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。
如：It is time that the children went to bed.
It is high time that the children should go to bed.
need“不必做”和“本不该做"”
didn't need to do表示：过去不必做某事，事实上也没做。
needn'thavedone表示：过去不必做某事，但事实上做了。
如：John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。)
典型例题：
There was plenty o ftime. She___.
A. mustn't have hurried
B. couldn't have hurried
C. must not hurry
D. needn't have hurried
答案：D。needn't havedone. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。 Mustn't have done用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done,“不可能已经”。must not do不可以（用于一般现在时）
特殊的虚拟语气词should 的用法：
1）It is demanded/necessary/a pity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形，should可省略。
句型：
如：It is suggested that we(should) hold a meeting next week.
It is necessary that he(should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist+(should)do
如：I suggest that we(should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he(should) be sent there.
注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
如：The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
判断改错：（错）You pale face suggests that you(should) be ill.
（对）Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
（错）I insisted that you(should) be wrong.
（对）I insisted that you were wrong.
3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。
如：My idea is that we(should) get more people to attend the conference.
I make a proposal that we(should) hold a meeting next week.
虚拟语气知识体系：
| 条件从句中的谓语动词形式 | 主句中的谓语动词形式 | |
| 与过去事实相反 | had+过去分词 | should/would+have+过去分词 |
| 与现在事实相反 | 过去式 | should/would+动词原形 |
| 与将来事实相反 | 1、过去式 | should/would+动词原形 |
| 2、should+动词原形 | should/would+动词原形 | |
| 3、were to+动词原形 | should/would+动词原形 |
虚拟条件句的倒装：
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。
如：Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词“be”的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。
如：If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题：_____to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I
B. I were
C. Were I
D. Was I
答案：C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前，变成were, should, had+主语的形式。
但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说Were I not to do.，而不能说Weren't I to do。
插入语的概念：
所谓插入语，就是指插在句子中间，对句子起补充或附加的说明的成分。一般说来，插入语与句中其他部分没有语法上的联系，若将其去掉，句子结构仍然完整。插入语在句中主要起解释、说明、总结等作用，此外还可用于表示说话者的态度和看法、起强调作用、引起别方的注意、转移话题、承上启下等。
插入语的几种类型：
一、形容词（短语）作插入语
如：Sure enough, she was there. 果然她在那里。
Strange to say, he is still ignorant of it.说也奇怪，他还不知道这件事。
Mostimportantofall,theseactivitieshavestrengthenedtheirtieswiththeworkingpeople.最重要的是，这些活动加强了他们和劳动人民的联系。
二、副词（短语）作插入语
如：I'm seeing him in May一or rather early June. 我5月份见他——更确切地说是在6月初。
We must be back be foremidnight；otherwisewe’llbelockedout.我们必须在午夜之前赶回去，否则我们就会被锁在门外。
三、介词短语作插入语
Hedoesn’tmind.Infact,heisverypleased.他不介意，实际上他很高兴。
Bytheway,doyouknowwhereMarylives?顺便问一下，你知道玛丽住在哪里吗？
Theboyisnotfoolish.Onthecontrary,Ithinkheisveryclever.这孩子不愚蠢，相反我认为他很聪明。
Alotofuswanttoleavenow—Bill,forexample[=forexample,Bill].我们很多人现在都想走——比如，比尔就是一例。
四、v-ing分词（短语）作插入语
Generallyspeakingchildrenliketowatchtelevision.一般说来，小孩子喜欢看电视。
Judgingfrom[by]hisaccent,hemaybefromthesouth.听他的口音，他可能是南方人。
五、不定式短语作插入语
Tobeginwith,Idonotlikeitscolour.首先，我不喜欢它的颜色。
Totellthetruth,thefilmwasagreatdisappointmenttome.说实在的，那部影片使我大为失望。
Tomakealongstoryshort,weagreedtodisagree.长话短说，我们同意各自保留不同的看法。
六、句子（陈述句和一般疑问句等）作插入语
Believeitornot,theygotmarriedsoon.信不信由你，他们不久就结婚了。
Helearnseasily,andwhat’smore,herememberswhathehaslearnt.他学习起来很容易，而且他所学习过的都记得住。
Hedidn’tgo,that’stosay,it’snotrecordedthathedid.他没去，换句话说，他去了这个事实无案可查。
插入语用法例题解析：
插入语是一种独立成分，通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系，插入语大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释，通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成，常置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。下面举例归纳插入语的几种用法。
例1：____the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A. General speaking
B. Speaking general
C. Generally speaking
D. Speaking generally
解析：本题答案为C. generally speaking为分词短语，意思是“一般来说”，在句中用作插入语。
小结：许多分词短语可以用作插入语，这样的分词短语有：strictly speaking（严格地说），generally considering（一般认为），judging from……（根据……判断）等。
例2：Two middle-aged passengers fellin to the sea.____, neither of them could swim.
A. In fact
B. Luckily
C. Unfortunately
D. Naturally
解析：本题答案为C. unfortunately为副词，意思是“令人遗憾地，不巧，可惜”，在句中用作插入语。
小结：常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有：indeed（的确），surely（无疑），however（然而），frankly（坦率地说），obviously（显然），naturally（天然地），luckily（happily）forsb.（算某人幸运），fortunately（幸好），strangely（奇怪），briefly（简单地说）等。
例3：Your performance in the driving test didn't reach the required standard, ____, you failed.
A. in the end
B. after all
C. in other words
D. at the same time
解析：本题答案为C. in other words为介词短语，意思是“换句话说”，在句中用作插入语。
小结：常用作插入语的介词短语有：in conclusion（总之），in a word（简而言之），in short（简而言之），in general（一般说来），in a sense（在某种意义上），in my view（在我看来），in his opinion（按照他的看法），in fact（事实上），at first（首先），in addition（此外），of course（当然），to my surprise（使我惊奇的），to her regret（使她遗憾的），for example（例如）等。
例4：It is so nice to hear from her.____, we last met more than thirty years ago.
A.What's more
B. That is to say
C. In other words
D. Believe it or not
解析：本题答案为D. believe it or not为一分句，意思是“信不信由你”，在句中作插入语。
小结：用简短的句子结构作插入语，它们常置于句中或句末。这类简短的句子有：I am sure（我可以肯定地说），I believe（我相信），do you know（你知道吗），you see（你明白），I'm afraid（恐怕），it is said（据说），I suppose（我想），what's more（而且），what's worse（更糟糕的是），that is（也就是说），what is important（重要的是）等。
例5：____with you, I have no money to spare.
A. To be frank
B. What's more
C. In addition
D. However
解析：本题答案为A. to be frank为不定式短语，意思是“坦率地说”，在句中用作插入语。
小结：常用作插入语的不定式短语有：to be sure（无疑地），to sumup（概括地说），to tell the truth（老实说）等。
例6_____, he should have done such a thing.
A. Speakinggeneral
B. Strangetosay
C. Luckily
D. Ofcourse
解析：本题答案为B. strange to say为形容词短语，意思是“说也奇怪”，在句中用作插入语。
小结：常用作插入语的形容词或其短语有：true（真的），funny（真可笑），needless to say（不用说），mos timportant of all（最为重要），worse still（更糟糕的），even better（更好）等。
插入语的几种类型：
1）形容词（短语）作插入语：
能用作插入语的形容词（短语）常见的有：true，wonderful，excellent，strangetosay， mostimportantofall，sureenough等。
如：True, it would be too bad. 真的，太糟了。
Wonderful, we have won again. 太好了，我们又赢了。
2）副词（短语）作插入语：
能用作插入语的副词（短语）有：indeed，surely，still，otherwise，certainly，however， generally，personally，honestly，fortunately，luckily，though，besides，exactly， perhaps，maybe，probably，frankly，orrather等。
如：When he got there, he found, however, that the weather was too bad. 可是到了那儿之后他发现，那儿的天气太坏了。
Otherwise, he would still be at home. 不然的话，他还会在家的。
3）介词短语作插入语：
能用作插入语的介词短语有：in fact，in one's opinion，in general，in a word，in other words，in a few words，of course，by the way，as a result，for example，on the contrary，on the other hand，to one's surprise，in short，as a matter of fact， in conclusion，in brief等。
如：You can't wait any more-in other words, you should start at once. 你不能再等了—换言之，你得立即出发。
On the contrary, we should streng then our cooperation with them. 相反，我们应该加强和他们的合作。
4）V-ing（短语）作插入语：
能用作插入语的V-ing（短语）常见的有：generally speaking，strictly speaking，judging from by，talking of，considering等。
如：Generally speaking, the weather there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. 一般来说，那儿的气候冬天不太冷，夏天不太热。
Judging by his clothes, he may be an artist. 从衣着来判断，他可能是个艺术家。
5）不定式短语作插入语：
能用作插入语的不定式短语有：to be frank，to be honest，to be sure，to tell you the truth，to make matters worse，to sumup，to start with，to begin with等。
如：To be frank, I don't quite agree with you. 坦率地说，我不太同意你的意见。
To tell you the truth, I'm not so interested in the matter. 跟你说实话，我对这件事情的兴趣不大。
To sumup, success results from hard work. 总而言之，成功是艰苦努力的结果。
6）句子（陈述句和一般疑问句）作插入语：
能用作插入语的句子有：I am sure，I believe，I think，I know，I suppose，I hope，I'm afraid，you see，what's more，that is to say，as we know，as I see，believe it or not等。
如：Some animals only half-hibernate, that is to say, their sleep is not such a deep one. 有些动物只是半冬眠，就是说，它们的睡眠并不是深度睡眠。
I believe, China will catch up with the developed countries sooner or later. 我确信，中国迟早会赶上发达国家。
He can't pass the exam, because he doesn't study hard.
What's more, he isn't so clever. 他不能通过这次考试，因为他学习不认真，更何况他又不太聪明。
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