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初中二年级英语

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  • 句型转换
    句型转换。
    1. They have never been to an English-speaking country. (变为一般疑问句)
                they            been to an English-speaking country?
    2. She has been a flight attendantfor two years.(对画线部分提问)
                             has she been a flight attendant?
    3. His father has been to Americatwice. (对画线部分提问)
                has his father been to America?
    4. Linda is taller than any other girl in her class.(改为同义句)
    Linda is                       girl in her class.
    5. I prefer tea to coffee.(改为同义句)
    I prefer to have tea            have coffee.
    本题信息:2012年同步题英语句型转换难度一般 来源:孔建伟
  • 本题答案
    查看答案
本试题 “句型转换。1. They have never been to an English-speaking country. (变为一般疑问句) they been to an English-speaking country?2. She has been a fligh...” 主要考查您对

形容词的比较级,形容词的最高级

现在完成时

从属连词

疑问词组

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 形容词的比较级,形容词的最高级
  • 现在完成时
  • 从属连词
  • 疑问词组
形容词的比较级:
当两种物体之间相互比较时,我们要用形容词或副词的比较级;
当相互比较的物体是三个或三个以上时,我们就要用形容词或副词的最高级。

形容词的比较级和最高级的特殊变化规则:
一、少数单音节词前面加 more-, most- 构成比较级和最高级
tired ---- more tired , most tired
fond ----- more fond , most fond
glad ----- more glad , most glad
bored ---- more bored , most bored
pleased---- more pleased , most pleased

二、不规则变化
good /well------- better ,best
bad/badly/ill------ worse , worst
many/much-------more , most
little ------ less , least
far ---- farther, farthes / firther , furthest
old ---- older , oldest (GA)
    ---- older , oldest / elder , eldest (GB)

三、下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种形式
cruel----- crueler,  cruelest /more cruel , most cruel
strict---- stricter , strictest /more strict , most strict
often----- oftener , oftenest / more often , most often
friendly------ friendlier , friendliest / more friendly , most friendly
clever----- cleverer, cleverest /  more clever , most clever

四、下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高(即表示”最高程度”或”绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级)
empty , wrong , perfect , unique , extreme , excellent , favourite (GB)/ favorite (GA) , true , right , correct , extremely ...


形容词的比较级和最高级用法:
形容词比较等级用法:
 1.没有比较对象时,用原级。
 I have a new computer.
 2.两者比较,程度相同。
 A+系动词+as+adj.+as+B.
 Our school is as beautiful as theirs.
 3.两者比较,程度不同。
 A+系动词+not as+adj.+as+B.
 The weather here is not as hot as that in the south.
 4.A比B更…
 The earth is bigger than the moon.
 5.比较级前可以用much,even,still,far,a lot,a little,a bit,any等修饰。
 Your room is much bigger than mine.
 I’m a little shorter than her.
 6.用比较级可以表示最高级含义:
 John is stronger than any other boy in his class.=John is stronger than any of the other boys.
 两者不属于同一范畴,不能用other.
 Chongqing is bigger than any city in Sichuang.
 7.“比较级+and+比较级”   表示“越来越…”
 China is becoming more and more beautiful.
 Days are getting longer and longer.
 8.用the+比较级,the+比较级  表示”越…就越…”.
 The busier he is, the happier he feels.
 9. Which/Who+is+比较级     A或B?
 A和B哪一个/谁更…?
 Which is better,this one or that one?

 最高级用法:
 表示三者或三者以上的人或物的比较,一个在某方面超过其他两个或多个时,用最高级,结构是
 主语+系动词+the+形容词最高级+of/in短语。
 This story is the most interesting of the three.
 1. one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数
 它的意思是最…之一。
 English is one of the most important languages in the world.
 2. which/who…+is+形容词最高级
 “…最...”
 Which is the heaviest,the horse,the sheep or the elephant?
3.最高级前可以用序数词
 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
形容词的比较级和最高级的变化规则:

构成 

 原级

比较级 

最高级 

一般加er,est

 tall

taller 

tallest 

以字母e结尾只
加 r,st

 large

larger 

largest 

以一个辅音字母结尾的
重读闭音节,双写这一辅
音字母后再加er,est

 red

redder 

reddest 

 hot

 hotter

hottest 

 thin

 thinner

thinnest 


以辅音字母+y结尾的词,
将y变为i再加er,est

easy 

 easier

easiest

happy

 happier

happiest 

 ugly

 uglier

ugliest 

 early

 earlier

earliest 

其他双音节词和多
音节词,在词前
加more或most

 interesting

more interesting 

most interesting 


现在完成时:
过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
句式:
1. 否定句式:现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't (hasn't)+过去分词...”。
如:I have not seen the movie yet. 我还没看这部电影。
2. 一般疑问句:Have(Has)+主语+过去分词...? 如:
—Have you finished the work?你已经做完这项工作了吗?
—Yes, I have. 是的,我已经做完了。(No, I haven't. 不,我还没有做完。)
3. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have(has)+主语+过去分词...?如:
How many times have you been to the Great Wall?你去过长城几次?
提示:肯定句中有some, already时,改为否定句或疑问句时通常要分别改为any, yet。如:
I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。
→ I haven't finished my homework yet. (否定句)
→ Have you finished your homework yet? (一般疑问句)
现在完成时常见两种句型:
①for短语
②It is+一段时间+ since从句
现在完成时特点:
1. 非持续性动词的完成时的肯定式不能与时间段连用,若要用时间段状语,则应换成相应的持续性动词或状态动词。
例如:
He has left.
He has been away for an hour.
2. have/has been to 表示曾经去过某地,但现在不在那;have/has gone to表示现在已去某地,现在不在这。
例如:
He has been to Canada, but now he is working in our company.
Mr. Li in not at home. He has gone to Shanghai.
3. 完成时的肯定式常用already,而否定式和疑问式常用yet,但若already用于疑问句时,表示一种出乎意外的惊讶。
例如:Have you read it already?
现在完成时和一般过去时区别:
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。
但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等,
而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系。
比较:
I have lost my new book.  我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到)
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的,现在找到与否没说明)

have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别:
have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;
have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,
前者可与once ,never,several times等连用,后者则不能。
如:
They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。
He has gone to Beijing .  他去北京了。

现在完成时注意事项:
1.如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。如:
It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。

2.终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。

3..现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语)
如:yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for,since连用.

4.不能与when连用.

现在完成时的用法:
1.表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如:
-Have you had lunch yet?    
-Yes,I have. I've just had it.
2.表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。
常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如:
He has taught here since 1981
他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教)
I have't seen her for four years.
我有四年没见到她了。
3.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”。
常与twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。 如:
I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京

4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如:
now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,just,today,up to present,so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.

5.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如:
already(肯定),yet(否定,疑问),just,before,recently,still,lately,never等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet?

6.现在完成时的"完成用法"
现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如:
He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)
现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此:
该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning / month /year...,today等)连用。
例如:Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?
7.现在完成时的"未完成用法"
现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。
例如:
He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。
(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now,so far)等。
例如:
I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
注意:现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。
如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。
8.一段时间+has passed+since从句
主语+have / has been+since短语
例如:He has been in the League for three years.
或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了  
9. 现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now","so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在)连用。  
Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。
I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。
has gone (to),has been (to),has been (in) 的区别
has gone to:去了没回
has been to :去过
has been in:呆了很久


从属连词:
这种连词是用以引导名词性从句定语从句和状语从句的,由从属连词所引导的句子叫从句,而含有从句的句子叫作复合句。

从属连词可分为三大类:
1、that (无词义,不做成分)
if,whether (表达是否的意义,但不做句子成分)
2、连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever, whoever, whichever(有词义,在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语)
3、连接副词:when,where,why,how,how many,how long,how far,however,whenever,wherever (有词义,作从句的状语)

用法:
从结构上说,英语连接词分两大类:并列连词和从属连词。

并列连词连接两个或两个以上地位平等的字、词组或分句。例如:
(1) Air and water are indispensable to me.   
(2) She likes going out with friends or playing outdoor games.   
(3) Most workers have a good income, so they look very happy.   

从属连词连接两个或两个以上的分句,形成复杂句中的从属分句。例如:   
(4) He said that he did not want to go .   
(5) Many things have happened since I last saw him.   
(6) You may come if you want to.   

从属连词用来连接各种从句。
until(till)直到,在用until表达时间状语的句子中,主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择的。
如动词是持续行动词,它要用肯定句,如:
I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night.
如果动词是瞬间截止性动词,则要用否定句,如:
He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.
由since,for,by,before, 来引导的时间状语从句。
since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间,如:
I have studied English since 1990.
而by引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间,如:
I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term.


从属连词语法分类:
种类 语法作用 连词举例 
从属连词 引导原因状语从句 Because, since
引导条件状语从句 If, unless, as long as
引导目的状语从句 So that
引导结果状语从句 So…that
引导方式状语从句 As, just as, as if
引导让步状语从句 Though, although, even
though, no matter what,
however, no matter how,
whoever, no matter who,
wherever, no matter where
引导比较状语从句 As…as, not so…as, than,
less…than, the more…the
more
引导名词性从句 Who, whom, whose, which,
that, when, where, why

疑问词组:
即使由疑问词和一些词一起构成的表示疑问的词组。由how/what与另外一个词组成的词组。
例如:
how many (后接可数名词,多少), how much (后接不可数名词,多少), 
how often (表示频率), what if (如果…将会怎么样), 
what about (…怎么样), what time (几点)

与how搭配的疑问词组:
How在英语中通常用作副词,是特殊疑问句中本领最大的疑问词。他与其它形容词或副词搭配组成疑问词组
1.How old问年龄、年代。
How old is your friend? 你朋友多大了?
How old is the bridge? 这座桥有多少年代了?
2.How many问可数名词数量。常将可数名词复数紧随其后。如:
How many pictures are there on the wall? 墙上有多少幅画?
How many glasses of milk would you like? 你们想要几杯牛奶?
3.How much询问不可数名词的数量、物品的价格。
How much money is there in the purse? 钱包里有多少钱?
How much are the apples at the moment? 目前苹果什么价钱?
4.How long提问物体的长度、时间的长短。
How long is the Changjia River? 长江有多长?
How long does it take you to do your homework every day?
你每天花多长时间做作业?
5.How soon 对 “in+一段时间 ”提问, 表示“多久之后”。
How soon will you be back? 你多久后回来?
6.How often对表示频率的副词或短语提问。
How often does Mrs. Green go shopping? 格林夫人多久去购一次物?
7.How about用来征求对方意见。
Your father is a worker, how about your mother? 你父亲是工人,你母亲呢?
How about playing games after school this afternoon? 下午放学后做游戏怎么样?
8.How far 问两地间的距离How tall问人(树)的高度;how heavy问重量;how wide问宽;how high可以询问建筑物、山峰高度。
How far is it from the earth to the moon? 从地球到月球有多远?
How tall is Yao Ming? 姚明身高多少?
How heavy is that big box? 那只大箱子有多重?
How wide is the new street? 这条新街有多宽?
How high is the tower in Paris? 巴黎的那座塔有多高?

与what搭配的疑问词组:

疑问词 意思 用法 例句
what 什么 用来问是什么,叫什么,做什么等 1. What’s your name?
你叫什么名字?
2.What’s your father?
你爸爸是干什么的?
3.what is in your box?
你的盒子里是什么?
what
time
什么时间 用来问时间 1.What time is it?  几点了?
2.What time is it now?
现在几点了?
what
colour
什么颜色 用来问颜色 1.waht colour is your bag?
你的书包是什么颜色?
2.what colour is your book?
你的书本是什么颜色?
what
about
怎么样 用来征求意见或询问感受等,
大多用于承接上面的同样问题

1.what bout this pair of shoes?这双鞋子怎么样?
2.what about you? 你呢?
3.what about your dad?
你爸爸呢?

what
day
星期几 用来问星期几 1.what day is it today?
今天星期几?
2. what day was yesterday?
昨天星期几?
what
date
什么日期 问具体的日期 1.What’s the date today?
今天是几号?
2. what date is tomorrow?
明天是几号?
what...for... 为何目的 用来问目的,在一定情况下只可以与why互换 What did you buy that for?
你为什么要买那个?