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  • 阅读理解

    III. 阅读理解（16分）
    Every city in the world has taxis to take tourists to interesting places. London is the only city in the world where taking a taxi is an interesting experience for tourists. This is partly because of the special black cabs（出租车）, which are found in no other country. But it is also because of the drivers themselves. While British people are famous for being polite and reserved, London taxi drivers are well known of their willingness to talk.
    Some customers say that once the door shuts and the cab moves off they are captive audience. It is impossible to get the taxi drivers to stop talking.
    “They’re self-confident and free thinking,” says Malcolm Linskey, the author of a history of taxi drivers in London. “They answer to nobody but themselves and that comes across in their conversation.”
    They are also expensive. London has the most expensive taxis of any city in the world except Tokyo. That’s why Ken Living-stone, the mayor of London, is planning to make taxi drivers discuss their fares with customers before they take a ride.
    Drivers agree that their fares are expensive. That’s because their black taxis cost more than other cars, they say. And the customer is also paying for a more driving expertise than anywhere else in the world.
    Before someone can qualify as a London taxi driver, that person has to pass a test known as “The Knowledge”. This involves memorizing the name and location of every street within six miles of a point in the exact center of London. The trainee must also learn the exact location of every important building within these streets. Finally he or she must be able to use this knowledge to work out the shortest distance between any two destinations within this area.
    It can take up the three years to pass “The knowledge”. Every day it is possible to see trainee taxi drivers on the streets of London, taking careful notes of popular destinations before finding the route to their next stop. Cab driving is a job often handed down in families. Many taxi drivers take their children out in their spare time to memorize routes they will need to know when it is their turn to do “The Knowledge”.
    The effect of this is to make London taxi drivers experts at their job. They also have bigger brains. Recent research by scientists at the Institute of Neurology in London found that the hippocampus—the part of the brain that remembers things—was larger and more developed in cab drivers. They have to fit the whole of London into their heads, so their brains grow bigger.
    1．Taking a taxi in London is an interesting experience for tourists because of the following statements except that _______.
    A．the special black cabs can’t be found in other countries
    B．the drivers are polite and reserved
    C．the drivers are talkative
    D．the drivers are self-confident and free thinking
    2．Taking a taxi in London is very expensive because _________.
    A．the drivers answer to nobody but themselves
    B．the drivers can discuss their fares with customers before the ride
    C．the drivers are the most qualified
    D．the black cabs are the safest
    3．It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
    A．London has the most expensive taxis in the world
    B．“The Knowledge”is a test that can be done easily
    C．trainee taxi drivers are not often seen on the streets
    D．many taxi drivers tend to make their children taxi drivers
    4．London cab drivers have bigger brains because _______
    A．they are experts at their job
    B．they have many streets and routes in their minds
    C．their hippocampus is larger and more developed
    D．their heads are bigger 

    本题信息：英语阅读理解难度一般 来源:未知
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本试题 “III. 阅读理解（16分）Every city in the world has taxis to take tourists to interesting places. London is the only city in the world where taking a ...” 主要考查您对

政治经济类阅读

历史文化类阅读

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 政治经济类阅读
  • 历史文化类阅读

政治经济类文章的概念：

要做好这类阅读，平时就要注意了解国内外发生的政治经济大事，掌握一定背景知识，对这类文章的叙述特点及内容安排有一定了解，还要扩展这方面的词汇。阅读这类文章，要抓住文章的核心，即文章整体和各段主要在说什么，也要注意段落之间的逻辑关系。


如何备考政治经济类阅读理解题：

【题型说明】政治经济类阅读文章是高考常选材料之一。该类文章时代气息浓郁，语言鲜活，但熟字新义词、超纲词及专业词语多，长句、难句多。政治类文章大多数是同学们感性趣的内容，读起来倒有似曾相识的感觉，经济类文章读起来就像是雾里看花，文章看完，一头雾水。再加之这类文章的命题侧重于词义猜测、推理判断和文章主旨，同学们对这类题材是望而生畏。
【备考策略】建立心理优势。针对不同体裁的文章，我们要采取相应的阅读方法和技巧。政治类文章多采用记叙文形式，我们可采取“顺读法”，以便抓关键语句，领会文章主旨；而经济类文章则多采用说明文形式，我们则可以采取“逆读法”，先读试题，再从文章中查找有用信息。若遇到的确难读的材料。千万不用着急，因为你觉得难，其他人也一定是同感。在高考前，我们就要有这种心理准备，高考试卷肯定有一、两篇难以阅读的材料。不过，我们平时可以有意识地从报刊杂志上找一些较难的阅读材料来阅读，以培养自己迎难而上的心理素质。
【答题方法】
1、寻找主干：
根据英语中五种基本句型结构，把句子中的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等主要成分找出来，其他成分如定语、状语、补语等则易于理解。找到了句子主干，句子的意思至少明白了一半。
2、剔除从句：
在一个长句中可能会出现若干个从句，在理解时，如果把各个从句剔除出来单独理解，然后把大意拼凑起来，整个长句的意思就会明白六、七分。
3、辨别分句：
一个长句如果是由几个并列、转折、递进、对比关系的分句组成，句中往往有表示这些分句关系的连接词，只要能弄清楚分句和分句之间的逻辑关系，再把各层分句的意思加以连贯，整个长句的句意基本上能跃然脑中。
4、寻找关键词：
如果一个句子看完，一点句意的感觉也没有，下下策就是抓住句中的关键词，通过关键词大体弄懂这个长句的意思。


什么是历史文化类阅读：

本类题型常用的方式是夹叙夹议。叙述的目的是为了议，所以要把握其议才是主要方面。阅读这类文章，先弄清其引入的话题，再弄清里面人物对其不同的看法，然后理解作者本身对话题的观点看法或思考。


历史文化类阅读技巧：

【题型说明】历史文化类阅读理解文章属高考常选材料之一。这类文章常涉及历史、文化、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、等等。这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。
【答题方法】在做这类阅读理解题时，我们应注意以下几个方面：
1、采用先题后文：先读题目，再带着问题读文章。这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一点，如果带着问题读文章，有利于我们抓细节。
2、先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后，自然会加深我们对文章的理解，这样更有利于做主旨大意题。
3、重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类：一类是Main idea型；一类是Topic或Title型。
在解答这类试题时应注意以下几点：
a．读首句抓大意。
文化教育类阅读理解文章多采用说明文、议论文体裁，而这类文章大都采用文章段落的中心，即主题句在文章开头。因此，要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。
b．读尾句抓大意。
有时这类文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾，作为对全篇的总结。
c．读首段抓大意。
有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句。这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用两次点题的写作方法。这两个主题句在句子结构和用词上有所不同，而且在内容上前句和后句也不重复。
d．从段落中抓大意。
有些文章或段落的主题句在文章中，这种文章或段落往往以一句话或几句话引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。
e．归纳要点抓大意。
有些文章或段落无明显的主题句，只是暗示性地体现主题。这就要求同学们在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或线索来概括总结主旨大意。


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