本试题 “— Was it two months ago _____ you luckily got an opportunity to spend your holidays in Spain?— _____. John was the lucky dog.A. that, Not IB. when,...” 主要考查您对一般疑问句
强调句
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
一般疑问句的概念:
就全句提出问题,希望对方给予肯定或否定答复的问句,叫做一般疑问句。回答时要用Yes或No来开头,句末用问号,朗读时用升调。其结构是:系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分?
一般疑问句用法要点:
一、一般疑问句的基本结构:
1、如果谓语中有情态动词、助动词或be,将这些词移到主语之前。
如:Can you dance? 你会跳舞吗?
Will he go there tomorrow? 他明天去那里?
Are you a student? 你是学生吗?
2、如果谓语中没有情态动词、助动词或be,就在主语前加助动词do(does、did),原来的动词都用原形。
如:Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?
Does your brother like English? 你的兄弟喜欢英语吗?
Did you sleep well last night? 你昨晚睡得好吗?
注:have做助动词时,将其移至主语前;作“有”解时也可以将其移至主语前;不是作“有”解的为行为动词时,其疑问式和其他行为动词一样要在主语前加do(does、did)。
如:Has he gone to England? 他到英国去了?
Have you(=Do you have)a car? 你有汽车吗?
Do you have lunch at school? 你是在学校吃中饭的吗?
二、一般疑问句的简略回答:
如:—Can you swim? 你会游泳吗?
—Yes, I can.(No, I can't)会。(不会)
—Have you finished your work? 你工作做完了吗?
—Yes, I have.(No, I haven't.)做完了。(还没有。)
—Is this your pen? 这是你的钢笔吗??
—Yes, it is. (No, it isn't)是的。(不是。)
三、一般疑问句的否定形式:
当说话人或是期待肯定的回答或是不期待对方的回答时用否定式。其结构,在口语里,总是把not与情态动词、助动词或be缩略成一个词;有时也将not放在主语后。
如:Can't you see the kite? 难道你看不到那个风筝?
Don't you like playing football? 难道你不喜欢踢足球?
Aren't you(=Are you not)aYoung Pioneer?难道你不是少先队员?
四、注意否定疑问句的回答:
英语的yes和no是对答语的肯定或否定,而不是对问句的肯定或否定,所以只要答语是肯定的,就用“Yes+肯定结构”,答语是否定的,就用“No+否定结构”。这与汉语的习惯不同。
如:—Won't he go to the hospital? 难道他不去医院了?
—Yes, he will. (No, he won't.)不,他去。(是的,他不去。)
—Can't you speak English? 你难道不会讲英语吗?
—Yes, I can. (No, I can't.)不,我会。(是的,我不会)
五、陈述句语序的一般问句:
这种疑问句指望对方作出肯定的答复,其疑问意思由句末的升调来表达。
如:You want to see him? 你想见他?
I think they have asked for better pay again? 我想他们又要求加工资了吧?
不用yes或者no回答的一般疑问句:
用yes或no回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。但一般疑问句并不一定都用yes或no来回答,请看下面几种情况。
一、对别人的问话表示同意时,用yes回答固然可以,但如果更直截了当地回答时,可以不用yes。
1:Jim:Do you want a go?
Ling:OK, thanks.
2:Teacher:Could you take it to the classroom?
Liu Ming:Certainly.
3:Meimei:May I come then?
Ann:Sure!Work must come first!
注:ctrtainly多用于英国英语,而sure多用于美国英语。
如:Ann:May I go with you?
WeiHua:Why not?His home isn't far from here. Let's go.
二、对于别人提问的情况似乎知道,但回答时又没有多大把握时,可以用提问的方式、商量的口气或其他方式回答对方。
1、Meimei:Where's Wuhan?Do you know?
Lily:Er, is it in Hebei?
2、A:Is it in the box?
B:Let me have a look. Oh, here it is.
3、WeiHua:Is it ready now?
UncleWant:Come and look.
三、有些问题的答语不宜模棱两可,需要准确具体,否则,可能会引起别人的误解。
如:Wang:Can you speak Chinese?
Jim:Only a little.
注:若用yes回答,别人会认为你的汉语不错。
四、为了使回答显得委婉、客气、往往不采用yes来十分肯定自己的看法,也不用no来断然否定别人的意见,说话往往留有余地而礼貌谦恭。
1、A:Can you mend it?
B:I think so. Let me see.
2、A:Do you have a big piece, please?
B:Sorry, I don't.
3、Kate:Isthekitebroken?
Jim:I don't think so.
五、乐意或拒绝接受对方的邀请或要求时,不用yes或no,当拒绝或有不同的看法时,要婉言谢绝或提出自己的看法。
1、Ann:Would you like to come to supper?
Meimei:Oh, thank you!I would love to!But I must ask my parents first.
2、Jim:Shall we go to the park?
LinTao:Good idea!When shall we meet?
3、LiLei:Could I speak to Jim, please?
Kate:I'm afraid he's out at the moment.
4、LiLei:Oh!Is that a ball?Aren't all balls round?
Sam:Not in the USA.
5、A:Shall we meet at half past two?
B:All right.
六、在回答有些问题时,若回答者不愿或不便表明自己的态度,也往往不用yes或no作正面的回答。
1、A:Do you like doing housework?
B:I don't know.
2、A:Where're Lucy's pencils?Are they on her desk?
B:I can't see.
强调句的概念:
强调句 (The Emphatic Pattern) 是一种修辞,是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调,从而起到修辞的作用。英语常用的强调结构有:It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+that/who...;what…be…句型;
强调句的使用:
一、强调句句型:
1、用It is/was...that/who...句型表示强调。
(1)陈述句的强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其它部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
(2)一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只是把is/was提到it前面。
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
(3)特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分?
e.g. When and where was it that you were born?
注:被强调的部分(通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语)放在is/was的后面,如被强调的是人,则后面可用who,whom等代替。
如:原句:He met an old friend in the park yesterday.
强调主语:It was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday.
强调宾语:It was an old friend that/who he met in the park yesterday.
强调地点状语:It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.
强调时间状语:It was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park.
2、用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词。
如:Do come early.
He did send you a letter last week.
We're pleased that she does intend to come.
3、用主语从句+be+被强调部分,主语从句常用what引导。
如:What John wants is a ball.
What Mary does every day is(to) give piano lessons.
二、not...until...句型的强调句:
1、句型为:It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其它部分:
e.g. 普通句:He didn't go to bed until/till his wife came back.
强调句:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
2、注意:此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是强调句型,till, until可通用;
因为句型中It is/was not...已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。
三、谓语动词的强调:
1、It is/was...that...结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do/does或did。
e.g. Do sit down.务必请坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时,务必(千万)要小心啊!
2、注意:此种强调只用do/does和did,没有别的形式;过去时用did,后面的谓语动词用原形。
使用强调句型有以下几点请注意:
①强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数。
如:It was yesterday that I met your father in the street.
②不管被强调部分是哪种状语,只能用that连接,不得使用where、when等连词。
如:It was in the street that I met your father yesterday.
③被强调部分为人时,可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that,用that也行。
如:It was your father that/whom/who I met in the street yesterday.
It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday.
④强调句中也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。
如:It is they who are our friends.
It was not until ten o'clock that we got home last night.
⑤注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。It is/was...that...为强调句标志,去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子,只是没被强调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。
比较:1)It was ten o'clock when we got home last night. 我们昨晚到家时已十点了。
2)It was at ten o'clock that we got home last night. 我们昨晚是在十点到家的。
第一句不是强调句,when不可改为that,因为去掉it was和that后,只能组成“We got home ten o'clock last night.”这样一个不完整的句子;第二句是强调句,that不可改为when。
强调句型用法拓展:
1、句首词用“It”,不能用“This”,“That”等。
2、be动词的形式是is或was,不能用复数形式are或were。若原句的谓语动词用了现在时或将来时,则用is;
若原句的谓语动词用了过去时或过去完成时,则用was。
如:It___the Chinese women that___a great role in the socialist construction.
A. is; plays
B. are; play
C .is; play
D. are; plays
答案:C
3、被强调的部分如果是代词,强调主语用主格,强调宾语用宾格。
如:It is him that/who/whom I met in the street yesterday.
It is I who/that am wrong.
4、连接词一般用that,当强调部分是人时,既可用that也可用who。特别注意当强调部分是时间状语或地点状语时,不能用when或where。
如:It was on Oct1st, 1949 that People's Republic of China was founded.
It was at the gate____he told me the news.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. when
答案:A
5、主谓一致问题被强调的主语要和that后面的谓语动词在数上保持一致。
如:It is Mary who often _____(help) me with my English. (helps)
It is I that ____(be) against you. (am)
6、not...until结构的强调。
强调“not...until”引导的时间状语时,要用“it is/was not until...that...”结构,that后面的句子要用肯定式,且须用陈述句语序。
如:We did not get off the bus until it stopped. ?
It was not until it stopped that we got off the bus. (注意:强调该结构时not until不能分开)
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