本试题 “用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Our plane _____________ (leave) at ten o'clock.2. Simon goes to the reading room after school _____________ (two) a week...” 主要考查您对可数名词(单数名词,复数名词)
反身代词
形容词的比较级,形容词的最高级
形容词
频度副词
副词
实义动词的单数第三人称形式
不定式
分词
现在进行时
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
情况 | 构成方法 | 例词 | 读音 |
一般情况 | 在词尾加-s | desk→desks map→maps |
-s在清辅音后发/s/ |
day→days girl→girls |
-s在元音和浊辅音后发/z/ | ||
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词 | 在词尾加-es | bus→buses box→boxes watch→watches fish→fishes | -es发/iz/音 |
以辅音字母加-y结尾的词 | 变y为i再加-es | family→families factory→factories party→patries |
-ies发/iz/音 |
以元音字母加-y结尾的词 | 在词尾加-s | day→days boy→boys key→keys |
-s发/z/音 |
以f或fe结尾的词 | 变f或fe为v再加-es | knife→knives life→lives wife→wives half→halves |
-ves发/vz/音 |
以辅音字母加-o结尾的词 | 在词尾加-es | potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes hero→heroes |
-es发/z/音 |
以元音字母加-o结尾的词 | 在词尾加-s | radio→radios zoo→zoos |
-s发/z/音 |
反身代词:
是一种表示反身或强调的代词。它的基本含义是:通过反身代词指代主语,使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。
因此,反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性质、数上保持一致。
它由第一人称、第二人称的形容词性物主代词和第三人称代词宾格,加上self或selves构成。
变为反身代词构成:
1、第一、二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加上-self或-selves构成的。如:
I--myself we--ourselves you(单数)
-- yourself you(复数)-- yourselves
2、第三人称的反身代词是由人称代词的宾格加上-self或-selves构成的。如:
she--herself
he --himself
it--itself
they--themselves
one--oneself
例句:
In his twenties, Charles began to write and soon became famous.查尔斯二十多岁的时候开始写作,很快就出名了
It is myself that solved all the problems.是我自己解决了所有的问题。
I want to dress myself warmly.我要穿暖和一点。
变化歌诀:
反身代词代自己,懂得规律很好记
单数人称加self,复数人称selves
一二人称都一样,所有格后加“自己”
第三人称不一样,要用宾格加“自己”
反身代词用法口诀:
反身代词表自身,句中可作三成分
动介后面用作宾,表示动作回自身
句中强调同位语,主语宾语后变跟
系动be后作表语,这个用法要牢记
反身代词有的用法:
1、作宾语,此时的宾语指的就是主语。
A.非强调用法
这种用法通常表示反身代词与句中的主语是同一人。
它在句中作宾语,不能省略,否则该句是一个意义不完整的错句。例如:
(1)Jane is too young to look after herself.(简年纪太小,以至于不能照看自己)
(2)I teach myself English.(我自学英语)
(3)He didn't hurt himself, thank goodness.(他未伤了他自己,谢天谢地。)
B.强调用法
反身代词在强调用法中表示强调,即用来加强某个名词或者代词的语气,可译成“亲自”、“本人”。
此时,它在句中作同位语。即使去掉,也不影响句子的完整性。例如:
(1)You must do it yourself.(你必须自己做)
(2)I myself did the homework last night。(昨晚是我自己做了家庭作业)
C.与by搭配
当反身代词与by搭配时,意为:单独地,没有人帮助的。例如:
(1)We must finish it all by ourselves.(我们必须全靠自己去完成。)
(2)He can swim all by himself.(他能独自一个人游泳。)
D.宾语转换为主语一定要记牢有些形容词需有反身代词
Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。
We enjoyed ourselves last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。
E.用于及物动词+宾语+介词
take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.
I could not dress (myself) up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己。
F.注意:有些动词后不跟反身代词,get up,sit down ,wake up等。
注:反身代词和人称代词作宾语时具有不同的含义。如:
He saw himself in the mirror.他在镜子里看见了他自己。(himself 和 he 为同一人)
He saw him in the mirror.他在镜子里看见了他。(him 显然指另外一人)
2、作表语,此时的表语指的就是主语。可用在be,feel,seem,look等系动词之后,通常描述身体、精神等方面的感觉或状态。例如:
After a few days of rest,he was more himself again.
休息几天之后,他的身体好多了。
She does't look herself today.
她今天看上去神色不正常。
I am not myself today.
我今天不舒服。
3、作同位语,用来加强语气或表示强调,可译为“亲自”,“本人”。如果省去反身代词,句子含义也不会有实质性的改变。
这样用时,反身代词在句中的位置比较灵活,如果是做主语的同位语,可以紧跟在该名词或代词的后面,也可置于句末。
The thing itself is not important. 翻译:事情本身并不重要。
4、在不强调的情况下,but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如:
No one but myself (me) is hurt.
5、作主语
反身代词本身不能单独作主语。
(错)Myself drove the car.
(对)I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。
但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself 作主语。
例如:Charles and myself saw it.
反身代词不能做主语,但可以放在主语后或句末。
例如:I did it by myself.
单数 |
复数 | |
第一人称 |
myself |
ourselves |
第二人称 |
yourself |
yourselves |
第三人称 |
himself |
themselves |
形容词的比较级和最高级的特殊变化规则:
一、少数单音节词前面加 more-, most- 构成比较级和最高级
tired ---- more tired , most tired
fond ----- more fond , most fond
glad ----- more glad , most glad
bored ---- more bored , most bored
pleased---- more pleased , most pleased
二、不规则变化
good /well------- better ,best
bad/badly/ill------ worse , worst
many/much-------more , most
little ------ less , least
far ---- farther, farthes / firther , furthest
old ---- older , oldest (GA)
---- older , oldest / elder , eldest (GB)
三、下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种形式
cruel----- crueler, cruelest /more cruel , most cruel
strict---- stricter , strictest /more strict , most strict
often----- oftener , oftenest / more often , most often
friendly------ friendlier , friendliest / more friendly , most friendly
clever----- cleverer, cleverest / more clever , most clever
四、下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高(即表示”最高程度”或”绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级)
empty , wrong , perfect , unique , extreme , excellent , favourite (GB)/ favorite (GA) , true , right , correct , extremely ...
构成 |
原级 |
比较级 |
最高级 |
一般加er,est |
tall |
taller |
tallest |
以字母e结尾只 |
large |
larger |
largest |
以一个辅音字母结尾的 |
red |
redder |
reddest |
hot |
hotter |
hottest | |
thin |
thinner |
thinnest | |
|
easy |
easier |
easiest |
happy |
happier |
happiest | |
ugly |
uglier |
ugliest | |
early |
earlier |
earliest | |
其他双音节词和多 |
interesting |
more interesting |
most interesting |
形容词的几个特殊用法:
most 同形容词连用而不用 the, 表示 " 极,很,非常, 十分"。
It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。
I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了这件事,太难了。
"The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..." 表示 " 越... 就越..."。
The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。
The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。
The more, the better. 越多越好。
" 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。
It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了.
It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。
The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。
The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。
主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。
This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。
This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。
I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。
the + 形容词 表示某种人。
He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。
I like to have a talk with the young. 我喜欢同年轻人谈话。
The rich sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。
The police led the old man across the street. 警察领老人横过马路。
以-ly结尾的形容词
1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,brotherly,仍为形容词。
改错:(错) She sang lovely. (错) He spoke to me very friendly.
(对) Her singing was lovely. (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2)有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词,也为副词。
daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early
The Times is a daily paper.
The Times is published daily.
too+adj.+to句型 “太…而不能”
He is too young to go to school.
=He isn’t old enough to go to school.
=He is so young that he can’t go to school.
形容词的位置:
1.形容词一般放在名词前作定语
单个形容词修饰名词时,一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。例如:
a red flower一朵红花
an interesting story一个有趣的故事
six blind men 六个盲人
my own house我自己的房子
如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定,越密切的形容词越靠近名词。
如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面,音节多的形容词放在后面。
2.当形容词所修饰的词是由some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时,形容词必须置于名词之后。例如:
She has something new to tell me.她有一些新的情况告诉我。
I have nothing important to do today.今天我没有重要的工作要做。
Do you know anybody else here?这儿你还有认识的人吗?
3.形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时,形容词必须置于名词之后。例如:
It is a problem difficult to work out.这是一道难以解决的问题。
Edison is a student difficult to teach.爱迪生是个很难教的学生。
This is a kind of flowers easy to grow.这是一种易栽的花。
4.用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。例如:
All people,young or old,should be strict with themselves.
所有的人,无论老少,都应该严格要求自己。
We are building a new school, modern and super.
我们正在建一所现代化的高档次的新型学校。
All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的国家,无论穷富都应该互相帮助。
5.有少数形容词,如enough和possible,既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如:
Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare?你有足够的时间做准备吗?
Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或许它将成为一次可能的机遇。
6.有些形容词,置于名词之前与之后,含义不尽相同。例如:
the writer present 出席的作者
the present writer 现在的作者
7.表示长,宽,高,深,及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。
This river is about 100 metres wide.
The building is more than 50 metres tall.
He is less than 40 years old.
8. enough修饰名词时,在名词前后都可以。
They said that they had enough food.= They said that they had food enough.
enough 修饰形容词和副词,位于其后。
He is old enough to join the army.
He isn’t old enough to go to school.
9.形容词else通常放在疑问代词,疑问副词或不定代词后
what/who/where/when/when else
something/anything/nothing…else
What else did you do?
Do you have anything else to say?
10.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。
This is the book easy to read.
这是一本容易读的书。
频度副词:
是表示动作发生频率的词。
常见的有:
ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually,continually, always 等。
例如:He often came to see us.
She always was late.
常见频度副词在表示程度上有别,按频率大小排列如下:
always(100%)>usually(80%)>often(60%)>sometimes(40%)>seldom(20%)>hardly (10%)>never(0%)
频度副词在句中不同位置的用法比较:
一、频度副词在否定句中的用法
在否定句中,有的频度副词位于否定词之前或之后均可,而有的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后,而还有的频度副词却必须要位于否定词。
大致情况如下:
1. 频度副词usually和often可位于否定词not之前或之后。
他们不常开这样的晚会。
正:They don’t often hold such parties.
正:They often don’t hold such parties.
星期日我们一般不在9点以前起床。
正:We don’t usually get up before nine on Sundays.
正:We usually don’t get up before nine on Sundays.
在否定句中,频度副词用于句中或句首,有时但会导致意思不同。
He doesn’t usually sleep for two days at a time. 他很少一连睡两天。
Usually he doesn’t sleep for two days at a time. 他连续两天不睡觉是常事。
2. 频度副词always总是位于否定词之后,不可位于否定句之前。
Things are not always what they seem to be. 外表往往是靠不住的。
Silence must not always be read as consent. 沉默并不见得一定意味着同意。
3. 频度副词sometimes总是位于否定词之前,不可位于否定词之后。
Jim is sometimes not very punctual. 吉姆有时不太准时。
Debbie is sometimes not responsible for what she does. 黛比有时对她所做的事不负责任。
二、频度副词位于句末的用法
1.sometimes常可用于句末。 如:
We all get into trouble sometimes. 我们有时都会遇到麻烦。
You can’t work all the time,it does you good to go out and enjoy yourself sometimes.
你不能总是工作,有时出去放松一下会对你有好处。
2. often有时可置于句末,但通常会带有very, quite, fairly, more, so等修饰语。如:
We’ve been there quite often. 经常去那里。
When I was young, I used to play tennis very often. 我年轻时经常打网球。
Diana used to travel a lot. These days she doesn’t go away so often.
娜过去经常旅游。最近她不常出门了。
We're not exactly on intimate terms, but we see each other fairly often.
虽算不上关系密切,但还常见面。
注:有时也可不带修饰语,但主要见于否定句或疑问句。 如:
He writes to me often. 他经常给我写信。
Do you come here often? 你常来这儿吗?
I don’t come here often. 我不常来这儿。
3. usually有时也用于句末,其前不用修饰语。
I’m not late, usually. 我通常不迟到。
I get paid on Fridays usually. 我通常在星期五领工资。
4.seldom 一般不用于句末,除非其前带有only,very等修饰。
We go out very seldom. 我们绝少外出。
I play basketball very seldom indeed. 我很少打篮球。
5. always一般不用于句末,偶尔用于句末,此时它不表法“总是”,而表示“永远”。
I’ll love you always. 我将永远爱你。
另外,有时用于句末是因为句子有所省略的缘故。
Generally they walked together on Sunday, but not always.
他们一般在星期日一起散步,但并不总是如此。
句中的but not always=but they didn’t always walk together on Sunday。
三、频度副词位于句首的用法
1. sometimes常可用于句首。
Sometimes she comes late. 有时她来得晚。
Sometimes she didn’t agree with me. 有时她和我意见不一致。
Sometimes we get a lot of rain in August. 有时在8月份雨水很大。
2. often用于句首时,通常表示强调,且其前一般有quite, very修饰。
Very often he comes in late. 他常常迟到。
Quite often the phone rings when I’m in the bath. 电话经常在我洗澡时响。
3.usually有时也用于句首,其前不用修饰语。
Usually I get up early. 我平时起得早。
Sometimes he comes by bus, but usually he comes by taxi.
有时他坐公共汽车来,不过他通常还是打的来。
Usually cooking pots have two small handles but pans have one long handle.
通常地深底煮锅有两只把手而平底锅只有一个长长的把手。
4.always一般不用于句首,除非是用在祈使句中。
Always remember this. 请时刻记住这一点。
Always look in the mirror before starting to drive. 一定要先看看反光镜再开车。
另外,never也可用于祈使句的句首。
Never tell him the news. 千万不要告诉他这消息。
Never ask her about her marriage. 决不要问她结婚的事。
5.在正式文体中,表示否定意义的副词seldom, never可位于句首,但此时其后要用倒装语序。
Seldom has there been such a happy meeting. 过去很少有过这样愉快的会议。
Never did he think the book would be finished so soon. 他可没想到这本书会这么快看完
另外,once a year (每年一次), twice a week (每周两次), three times a day (一天三次), every Saturday afternoon(每星期六下午)等,
这些时间状语也表示频率,它们可以和频度副词用在同一个句子中,表达上没有重复。如:
We usually go to the cinema four times a month. 我们通常一个月看四次电影。
频度副词的用法:
频度副词是副词的一种,在初中阶段常用的有四个,即always, usually,often,sometimes。它们的用法如下:
一、频度副词在句中的位置。
1.频度副词在句中习惯上位于be动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前。如:
She is often late for school.她上学经常迟到。
He usually goes to bed at about 12.他通常(午夜)十二点钟睡觉。
When do you usually get up in the morning?早上你通常什么时候起床?
2.sometimes是个特殊的频度副词,既可以放在be动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前,也可以放在句首,还可以放在句尾。如:
I sometimes think that it is a great mistake.我有时想这是一个大错。
Sometimes I help my mother in the house.有时候我帮助妈妈做家务。
3.often可以放在句中,也可放在句尾,习惯上不放在句首。如:
We have been there quite often.我们经常到那儿去。
She writes to me often. 她经常给我写信。
4.如果有两个助动词,频度副词通常放在第一个助动词后面。如:
We have never been invited to one of their parties. 他们聚会,一次也没邀请过我们。
She must sometimes have wanted to run away. 她有时候一定想到过要逃走。
5.这些频度副词的位置与句中谓语动词有无助动词有关。句中没有助动词时,副词置于动词be之后,其它动词之前。
频度副词位于助动词之前两种情况:
①为了表示强调,频度副词有时也可位于动词be、助动词、情态动词之前,此时助动词等应重读。如:
She always was late. 她老是迟到。
I never can remember. 我永远也记不住。
②在简略答语中,当频度副词与动词be、助动词或情态动词位于句末时,频度副词必须前置。
—“Philip is late again.”
—“Yes, he always is.”
—“菲利普又迟到了。”
—“是的,他总是迟到。”
— “Can you park your car near the shops?”
—“Yes. I usually can.”
— “你可以在商店附近停车吗?”
—“是的,通常可以。”
6.频度副词后的动词可以是动词的任何形式,具体什么形式和频度副词本身没有关系。
如:
I have never been to the moon.
He sometimes goes to school by bike.
二、表示频度方面的区别:
1.always是频度最大的词,意为"总是;永远"。如:
I shall always remember my first day at school.我将永远记住我上学的第一天。
2.usually意为"通常",即很少例外,频度仅次于always。如:
What do you usually have for breakfast?你通常早餐吃什么?
3.often意为"经常",在频度上不如usually那么频繁。如:
Li Ping often does his homework in the afternoon.李平经常在下午做作业。
4.sometimes意为"有时候",频度比often小,表示动作偶尔发生,间断较大。如:
1.I sometimes go to the library.我有时去图书馆。
2.Sometimes I read a book in the evening.我有时在晚上看书。
三、频度副词与not连用时,表示部分否定;对频度副词进行提问时,要用how often。如:
1.A great scholar is not always a very wise man.大学者未必一定是极聪明的人。
2.We go to the cinema sometimes.(对划线部分提问)
How often do you go to the cinema?
副词分类:
1、时间副词有三类:always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实之前义动词
1)表示发生时间的副词:
It’s beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了!
2)表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实之前义动词:
She often changes her mind. 她常改变主意。
3)还有一些其他表示时间的副词:
He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。
2、地点副词:
1)有不少表示地点的副词:
She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。
2)还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形,跟宾语的是介词,否则是副词:
①用作介词:Stand up! 起立!
②用作副词:A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。
3)以where 构成的副词也是地点副词:
It’s the same everywhere. 到处都一样。
3、方式副词:
carefully, properly(适当地), anxiously(焦虑地), suddenly, normally(正常地), fast, well, calmly(冷静地), politely(有礼貌地), proudly(自豪地), softly, warmly ,slowly
4、程度副词:
much,little, very,rather(相当),so,too,still, quite, perfectly(完美地), enough, extremely(非常), entirely(整个),almost, slightly(细小地), hardly.
5、疑问副词:
how, when, where, why.
6、关系副词:
when, where, why.等。
7、 连接副词:
therefore(因此),moreover(此外),however,otherwise(另外的),then,when ,where,how,why等。
副词的语法作用:
副词在句中可作状语,表语,补语,定语。
He works hard. (作状语)
他工作努力。
You speak English very well. (作状语)
你英语讲的相当好。
Is she in ? (作表语)
她在家吗?
Let's be out. (作表语)
让我们出去吧。
Food here is hardly to get. (here作定语,hardly作状语)
这儿很难弄到食物。
Let him out!(作补语)
让他出去!
修饰名词的副词放在被修饰词之后
a. The villagers there are busy getting in wheat.
不同类型副词的用法比较:
方式副词:
1)英语中有大量方式副词,说明行为方式(回答how的问题):
How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳的真美。
2)还有相当多的副词,表示某些情绪:
She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。
3)还有一些以-ly结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况:
He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。
程度副词和强调副词 :
1)程度副词可修饰动词,表示“到某种程度”: Is she badly hurt? 她伤得重吗?
[说明] 这类副词除修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词(a)或另一副词(b):
a. fairly simple 相当简单 quite correct 完全正确
b. wonderfully well 好极了 do it very quickly 干得很快
2)much 是一个特殊的程度副词,它可以:
a. 修饰形容词等:
I’m not much good at singing. 我唱歌不太好。
b. 修饰比较级:
You sing much better than me. 你比我唱的好多了。
Their house is much nicer than ours. 他们的房子比我们的好多了。
疑问副词和连接副词:
1)疑问副词:疑问副词用来引导特殊问句:
how: How is your grandmother? 你奶奶身体好吗?
where: Where does she come from? 她是哪儿人?
when: When can you come? 你什么时候能来?
why: Why was he so late? 他为什么来得这么晚?
2)连接副词:连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样,但都引导从句或与不定式连用:
how: Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗?
where: I don’t know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。(引导宾语从句)
when: Tell me when you’ll be ready. 告诉我你什么时候准备好。(引导宾语从句)
why: That’s why I came round. 这就是我来的原因。(引导表语从句)
一些其它类型的副词,如表示方向的副词:
Let’s go inside. 咱们到里面去。
Take two steps forward. 向前走两步。
在一般现在时的肯定句中,当主语为非第三人称单数时,谓语动词用原形;
当主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词用单数第三人称形式。
规则 | 动词原形 | 第三人称 单数形式 | |
s | 一般在词尾加s(读音规则: 清清浊浊元浊, 在清辅音后读清辅音/s/, 在浊辅音和元音后读/z/) |
stop take clean play grow |
stops/s/ takes/s/ cleans/z/ plays/z/ grows/z/ |
es | 以,x,ch,sh,或o结尾的动词 加-es(读/iz/) |
pass fix wash watch do |
passes fixes washes watches does |
ies | 以辅音字母 加y结尾的动词,变y为ies(读/iz/) |
fly carry hurry |
flies carries hurries |
一般现在时,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式
主语是第三人称单数有以下几种情况:
(1) 不可数名词做主语:
Some water is in the glass
(2) 单个的可数名词做主语:
The girl is Chinese. My watch is on the dresser.
(3) He ,she , it 等代词单个做主语:
He is in the tree. She likes her family very much.
(4) 单个的人名,地名或称呼作主语:
Mary is a doctor. Uncle Li speaks a little English.
Changchun is a beautiful city.
(5) 指示代词this, that 等作主语:
This is a pear. That is an apple .
(6) Everyone, everything ,something, nobody, nothing.等不定代词作主语时
Is everyone here today? Everything is ok .
(7)单个数字作主语时:
”8” is a good number in China.
动词单数第三人称形式的一般现在时的句子的否定句、疑问句及特殊疑问句。
否定句:
在主语的后面实义动词前加doesn’t(注意实义动词应恢复原形。)
主语(单三)+doesn’ + 动词原形+其他
Jim likes football变否定: Jim doesn’t like football
He has lunch at school. 变否定:He doesn’t have lunch at school.
一般疑问句及答语,在句子前面加助动词does. 实义动词恢复原形
Does +主语(单三)+ 动词原形+其他
Does your father work ? Yes, he does. /No, he doesn’t
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
特殊疑问词+ does +主语(单三)+ 动词原形+其他
Where does a bird live ?
How does she go to school?
时态 | 主动形式 | 被动形式 |
一般式 | (not) to do | (not) to be done |
完成式 | (not) to have done | (not) to have been done |
进行式 | (not) to be doing | |
完成进行式 | (not) to have been doing |
现在分词构成形式:
①一般在动词原形末尾加ing,如do→doing、sing→singing、comfort→comforting
②以不发音的e、ue结尾的动词,先去e,再加ing,如dance→dancing、hike→hiking、write→writing、make→ making,take→taking
③以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词加ing,如see→seeing、toe→toeing、dye→dyeing
④以重读闭音节结尾的动词,并且末尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这一字母,再加ing,如cut→cutting、swim→swimming
注:结尾是x则不必双写,如relax→relaxing
⑤以ie结尾的动词,要把ie变成y再加ing,如die→dying,lie→lying.
⑥以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ing,如picnic→picnicking,traffic→trafficking
过去分词构成形式:
1.规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:
(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。(然而要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式)
work---worked---worked , visit---visited---visited
(2)、以不发音的“ e ” 结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived
(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,try---tried---tried,fry---fried---fried.[1]
(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
(5)、以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ed,
picnic→picnicked ,traffic→trafficked
2 、不规则动词:见不规则动词表
分词用法:
1、分词作状语
分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。
分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。
当现在分词表示的动作发 生在谓语动词之前时, 则用现在分词的完成式,且所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生, 则用现在分词的一般式。
完成或被动关系用过去分词。
①现在分词:
The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
②过去分词:
Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.
Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
2、“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)+分词”结构
现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when, once, although, until, if等连词。
①现在分词:
When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……
②过去分词:
Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
3、分词作定语
分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。
现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries
4、分词作宾语补足语
现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及
have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补语的成分。
例:I see him passing my house every day.
I caught him stealing things in that shop.
I smelt something burning.
5、分词作表语
分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。
过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,主语多为人。现在分词表示主语的性质,而且主语多为物;
①过去分词:
We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.
She felt confused, and even frightened.
②现在分词:
He was very amusing.
That book was rather boring.
很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语:
exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.
现在进行时的构成:
主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式
第一人称单数I+am+ing.
第一人称复数We+are+ing.
第二人称单(复)数 You+are+ing
第三人称单数 He(She,it)+is+ing
第三人称复数 They+are+ing
肯定句:主语+be(is/am/are)+现在分词
否定句:主语+be(is/am/are)+not+现在分词
一般疑问句:be(is/am/are)+主语+现在分词
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+相应be动词+主语+现在分词+Sth?
间接引语中改为过去进行时。
变化规则:
1.直接+ ing(例:sleep+ing 变sleeping)
2.去掉不发音的e+ing(例:bite-e+ing 变biting)
3.重读闭音节,以辅音字母加元音字母加辅音字母结尾的词,要双写尾字母再加ing(例:swim+m+ing=swimming)
4.以ie结尾的重读闭音节,变ie为y+ing (例:die-dying lie-lying)
5结尾为c且c读作/k/时,在结尾加k再加ing,如picnic-picnicking
现在进行时与一般现在时的区别:
(一)现在进行时表示动作的暂时性,而一般现在时表示动作的习惯性和经常性
I am watching TV now. (暂时性)
I watch TV every day. (经常性)
(二)现在进行时可表示短暂性动作,而一般现在时表示长久性动作。
Lucy is living in Beijing.(短时间居住)
Lucy lives in Beijing. (长久性居住)
(三)现在进行时表示的动作可带有感情色彩,而一般现在时所表述的动作通常是事实。
You’re always forgetting the most important things. (责备)
He is always helping others. (赞扬)
He often helps others. (事实)
(四)有些动词不能用进行时,know, understand, love, like, hate, wish, want, think, hope, have, believe, agree, hear, see, notice,等等。
这些动词通常用一般现在时表示说话时发生的动作。
I have a lot of friends here.
She wants to buy a new bike.
现在进行时用法注意:
1.进行时中,并不是所有的动词都要使用正在进行时。
例如一些表示状态和感觉的动词,一般不用进行时态,而是用现在一般时表示。
这些动词往往是等表示情感状态、知觉认识、愿望或短暂性的动词。
例如:see(明白),know, want, like, hear, have(有), think, hope, hate等。
I hear someone singing. 我正听见有人唱歌。
Do you see anyone over there? 你看到那里有什么人吗?
What does he think of it? 他觉得这怎么样?
如果这些词使用正在进行时态,句子带有某种感情色彩。例如:
Are you seeing someone off? 你在给谁送行吗?
They are hearing an English talk. 他们在听一个英语报告。
2.现在进行时还有另外一种含义,即它们能表达即将发生的事情,相当于一般将来时。
有些动词从结构来看是现在进行时,但却是表示将要发生的事,而不表示动作现在正在进行。
这些动词往往是一些表示位置移动变化的动词:arrive, come, do, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, return, see, spend, start, stay, wear, work等。
We are leaving on Friday。我们星期五出发。
Are you going anywhere tomorrow?你明天准备去哪儿?
A foreign guest is giving a lecture this afternoon。今天下午一个外国客人将给我们作报告。
Are you staying here till next week? 你打算在这里呆到下个星期吗?
在表示将来的情况下,特别是be going to do sth. 这种结构,已经没有多少“去”的意思了,几乎就是用来表达“将要、打算”做什么事情。例如:
It is going to be rather cold tomorrow。明天很可能非常冷。
She is not going to speak at the meeting。她不打算在那个会上发言。
3.当其与always、forever、continually、constantly 等副词连用时表示重复的动作,而这种动作可能使人不满,厌倦或满意。例如:
①She is perpetually interfering in my affairs.她老是干预我的事。 (不满)
②The students are making progress constantly.学生们在不断进步。 (满意)
4.在时间、条件状语从句中,有时可用现在进行时代替一般将来时。
When you are passing my way,please drop in.
你什么时候路过我家,请进来坐。
与“用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Our plane _____________ (leave...”考查相似的试题有: