本试题 “It was not until the subprime loan crisis (次贷危机) ____ great damage to the American financialsystem that Americans ____ the severity of the situ...” 主要考查您对一般过去时
过去完成时
强调句
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
一般过去时的概念：
一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
一般过去时的用法：
1、表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去时间的副词如：yesterday，last week，two hours ago等连用。
如：My family moved here five years ago. 我家五年前搬到了这里。
I was born in 1973. 我生于1973年。
2、表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作。这时可与频度副词如：often，usually，always等连用。
如：He always worked in tonight those days. 那些日子他总是工作到深夜。
I often left on business in 1987. 1987年我经常出差。
注：表示“过去经常，而今不再”时，要用usedto.
如：I used to read newspaper after breakfast. 我过去经常早饭后看报纸。（意指现在已不是这样）
The children often swam in this river. 孩子们过去经常在这条河里游泳。
3、表示过去发生的一连串动作。
如：He put down the heavy box, took out the keys, and opened the door. 他放下这沉重的箱子，掏出钥匙开了房门。
注：过去发生的一连串动作，若用and，or，but等并列连词连接，则一律用过去式。
如：They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper. 他们把椅子搬到桌边，坐下开始吃饭。
4、在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
如：He said that he would let me know as soon as he got the information. 他说他一得到消息就立即让我知道。
Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained. 玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。
一般过去时的特别用法：
1、句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。
例如：It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb.did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"。
例如：It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
2、would（had）rather sb.did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。
例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow. 还是明天来吧。
3、wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）
注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend等。
例如：Did you want any thing else? 您还要些什么吗？
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2）情态动词could, would。
例如：Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？
过去完成时的概念：
过去完成时既可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的事情，也可表示过去某个时间或动作之 前所发生的动作一直持续到过去某个时间。过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成。
如：She had leant 2000 English words by the end of last month.
过去完成时的应用：
（1）与过去完成时连用的时间状语可以多种多样，使用它的主要依据是看其是否发生在“过去的过去”。
如：He had learnt some English before I went here. 在来这儿之前我学过一些英语。
He had written three stories by last year.到去年他已经写了三篇故事。
We had cleaned the room when he got there. 当他到那儿时，我们已经把房子弄干净了。
He went there after he had finished his work. 他把事做完之后，就去哪儿了。
注意：当主句跟由before, after, as soon as所引导的时间从句的动作连接很紧密时，从句也可用一般过去时。
如：He went there after he read the letter. 他看了那封信后就去那儿了。
（2）过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。
如：He said he had been a soldier. 他说他当过兵。
They said they had seen the film. 他们说这幕电影他们看过。
（3）在hardly/scarcely…when…,nosooner…than…两个结构中的主句通常要用过去完成时。
如：Hardly had I told her the news when she began to cry out. 她一听到这一消息就大哭了起来。
Scarcely had he finished his supper when he went out. 他已吃完晚饭就出去了。
No sooner had he fallen asleep than he lay down on the bed. 他一躺倒床上就睡着了。
（4）动词expect, hope, suppose, think, want等的过去完成时可用来表示未实现的计划、打算或希望。
如：I had hoped to see you. 我本希望来看你。
He had wanted to buy a house in Beijing. 他本想在北京买栋房子。
过去完成时与一般过去时：
（1）过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态，即：过去完成时强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态。
如：He studied there two years ago. 他在那儿学习了两年。(离现在两年)
He said he had studied there two years ago. 他说他在那儿学习了两年。(离他说话时两年)
（2）表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and, then, but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。
如：He said he went the shop and bought some food. 他说他去商店买了一些食品。
（3）两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。
如：When I heard the news, I was very excited.
（4）叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。
如：Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in1492.
强调句的概念：
强调句 (The Emphatic Pattern) 是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。英语常用的强调结构有：It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+that/who...；what…be…句型；
强调句的使用:
一、强调句句型：
1、用It is／was...that／who...句型表示强调。
（1）陈述句的强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其它部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
（2）一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
（3）特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？
e.g. When and where was it that you were born?
注：被强调的部分（通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语）放在is／was的后面，如被强调的是人，则后面可用who，whom等代替。
如：原句：He met an old friend in the park yesterday.
强调主语：It was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday.
强调宾语：It was an old friend that/who he met in the park yesterday.
强调地点状语：It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park.
2、用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词。
如：Do come early.
He did send you a letter last week.
We're pleased that she does intend to come.
3、用主语从句+be+被强调部分，主语从句常用what引导。
如：What John wants is a ball.
What Mary does every day is(to) give piano lessons.
二、not...until...句型的强调句：
1、句型为：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其它部分：
e.g. 普通句：He didn't go to bed until/till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；
因为句型中It is/was not...已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
三、谓语动词的强调：
1、It is/was...that...结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does或did。
e.g. Do sit down.务必请坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！
2、注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。
使用强调句型有以下几点请注意：
①强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数。
如：It was yesterday that I met your father in the street.
②不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使用where、when等连词。
如：It was in the street that I met your father yesterday.
③被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。
如：It was your father that/whom/who I met in the street yesterday.
It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday.
④强调句中也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。
如：It is they who are our friends.
It was not until ten o'clock that we got home last night.
⑤注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。It is/was...that...为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调，而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。
比较：1）It was ten o'clock when we got home last night. 我们昨晚到家时已十点了。
2）It was at ten o'clock that we got home last night. 我们昨晚是在十点到家的。
第一句不是强调句，when不可改为that，因为去掉it was和that后，只能组成“We got home ten o'clock last night.”这样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when。
强调句型用法拓展：
1、句首词用“It”，不能用“This”，“That”等。
2、be动词的形式是is或was，不能用复数形式are或were。若原句的谓语动词用了现在时或将来时，则用is；
若原句的谓语动词用了过去时或过去完成时，则用was。
如：It___the Chinese women that___a great role in the socialist construction.
A. is; plays
B. are; play
C .is; play
D. are; plays
答案：C
3、被强调的部分如果是代词，强调主语用主格，强调宾语用宾格。
如：It is him that/who/whom I met in the street yesterday.
It is I who/that am wrong.
4、连接词一般用that，当强调部分是人时，既可用that也可用who。特别注意当强调部分是时间状语或地点状语时，不能用when或where。
如：It was on Oct1st, 1949 that People's Republic of China was founded.
It was at the gate____he told me the news.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. when
答案：A
5、主谓一致问题被强调的主语要和that后面的谓语动词在数上保持一致。
如：It is Mary who often _____(help) me with my English. （helps）
It is I that ____(be) against you. （am）
6、not...until结构的强调。
强调“not...until”引导的时间状语时，要用“it is/was not until...that...”结构，that后面的句子要用肯定式，且须用陈述句语序。
如：We did not get off the bus until it stopped. ?
It was not until it stopped that we got off the bus. (注意：强调该结构时not until不能分开)
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