Cloze
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as "a bodily exercise precious to health."
Laughter does _
1_ short-term changes in cardiovascular(心血管的) function and respiration, boosting
heart rate, respiratory rate and depth, as well as oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is
difficult to last, a good guffaw(loud laugh)is unlikely to have _
2 cardiovascular benefits the way walking
or jogging does.
_
3_
,instead of building up muscles, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the _
4_.
Studies _
5_ back to the 1930s indicate that laughter _
6_ muscles, decreasing muscle tone(肌肉紧张度)
for up to 45 minutes after the guffaw subsides.
Such physical relaxation might help _
7_ psychological stress. After all, the act of laughing probably
does produce other types of physical feedback that _
8_ an individual's emotional state. _
9_ one classical
theory , our feelings are partially rooted in physical reactions. American psychologist William James and
Danish physiologist Carl Lange argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry _
10 they
are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
Although sadness also goes before tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow from muscular
responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of W?
rzburg in Germany and his colleagues asked volunteers to _
11_ a pen either with their teeth-thereby
creating an artificial smile-or with their lips, which would produce a _
12_ expression. Those forced to
exercise their smiling muscles _
13_ more energetically to funny cartoons than those whose mouths were
contracted in a frown(皱眉)did, suggesting that expressions may influence _
14_ rather than just the other
way around. _
15_, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.
( )1. A. reflect
( )2. A. measurable
( )3. A. In turn
( )4. A. opposite
( )5. A. dating
( )6. A. hardens
( )7. A. cause
( )8. A. improve
( )9. A. Except for
( )10. A. unless
( )11. A. fetch
( )12. A. disappointed
( )13. A. adapted
( )14. A. emotions
( )15. A. Eventually |
B. demand
B. manageable
B. In fact
B. impossible
B. dated
B. weakens
B. generate
B. decrease
B. According to
B. until
B. bite
B. excited
B. adjust
B. motions
B. Consequently |
C. indicate
C. affordable
C. In addition
C. average
C. to date
C. tightens
C. relieve
C. relax
C. Due to
C. if
C. pick
C. joyful
C. turned
C. movement
C. Similarly |
D. produce
D. renewable
D. In brief
D. expected
D. date
D. relaxes
D. produce
D. increase
D. As for
D. because
D. hold
D. indifferent
D. reacted
D. motive
D. Comparatively |