本试题 “____ occurred to me that the murder happened ___ a rainy day.[ ]A. What; inB. What; onC. It; inD. It; on” 主要考查您对介词和介词短语
it的用法
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
介词和介词短语的概念：
介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词和其他介词。
误用介词的三种情况：
1、多用介词：
多用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将及物动词误用作不及物动词，也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错：
误：We discussed about the plan.
正：We discussed the plan. 我们讨论了计划。
误：Did he mention about the accident?
正：Did he mention the accident? 他提到那次事故了吗?
误：I saw her enter into the bank.
正：I saw her enter the bank. 我看见她进了银行。
误：He married with[to] a nurse.
正：He married a nurse. 他同一位护士结了婚。
误：How can contact with you?
正：How can contact you? 我怎么与你联系?
误：We should serve for the people heart and soul.
正：We should serve the people heart and soul. 我们应该全心全意地为人民服务。
误：Who controls over the factory? (但名词control可接over)
正：Who controls the factory? 谁管理这个工厂?
误：He has a great many of friends here. (比较a great number of)
正：He has a great many friends here. 他在这儿有很多朋友。
2、漏用介词：
漏用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将不及物动词误用作及物动词，或是受相关结构的影响的影响而用错等：
误：This matter is difficult to deal. (deal with=处理)
正：This matter is difficult to deal with. 这事很难处理。
误：He is not a man to be depended.
正：He is not a man to be depended on. 他不是个可靠的人。
误：He took a cup of tea, and went on the story.
正：He took a cup of tea, and wentonwiththestory.他喝了一口茶，又接着讲故事。
误：My mother still regards me a child. (比较consider…as中的as可省略)
正：My mother still regards me as a child. 我母亲还把我当小孩看。
误：They insisted sending a car over to fetch us.
正：They insisted on sending a car over to fetch us.他们坚持要派车来接我们。
误：What he says is worth listening.
正：What he said is worth listening to.他的话值得一听。
3、错用介词：
错用介词的情况比较复杂，可能是因受汉语意思的而错，也可能是因弄不清搭配关系而错，可能是混淆用法而错，也可能是受相关结构的影响而错，可能是忽略语境而错，也可能是想当然的用错：
误：She called on his office yesterday. (call on+人，call at+地点)
正：She called at his office yesterday. 她昨天去了他办公室拜访。
误：He is engaged with a nurse.
正：He is engaged to a nurse.他与一位护士订了婚。
误：The sun rises from the east.
正：The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
误：Under his help, I finished it in time.
正：With his help, I finished it in time. 在他的帮助下，我及时做完了。
误：During he was in Japan, he visited many places.
正：During his stay in Japan, he visited many places.他在日本期间,参观过许多地方。
误：We are familiar to his character.
正：We are familiar with his character.我们了解他的性格。
误：Help yourself with the fruit.
正：Help yourself to the fruit.吃点水果吧。
介词的宾语：
1、名词或代词作介词宾语：
如：Are you interested in history? 你对历史感兴趣吗？
Don't worry about it. 别为它担心。
注：若是人称代词用作介词宾语，要注意用宾格。
如：No one can sing like her. 没有人能像她那样唱歌。(不能用like she)
2、动名词作介词宾语：
如：He is good at telling stories. 他善于讲故事。
In crossing the street he was run over. 他在穿过马路时被汽车撞倒。
3、过去分词作介词宾语：
如：We can't regard the matter as settled. 我们不能认为这事已经解决。
I take it for granted you have read the book. 我以为你读过这本书。
注：过去分词用作介词宾语通常只见于某些固定结构中，如上面第1句涉及regard…as(认为…是)结构，第2句涉及take sth for granted(认为某事属实)。在其他情况下，介词后通常不直接跟过去分词作宾语，若语义上需要接过去分词(表被动)，可换用“being+过去分词”：
如：He went out without being seen by the others.他出去了，没有被其他人看见。
4、从句作介词宾语：
如：He was not satisfied with what she said. 他对她说的不满意。
I'm worried about where he is. 我担心他上哪儿去了。
注：介词后通常不接that从句，遇此情况需考虑用其他结构：
误：He paid no attention to that she was poor.
正：He paid no attention to the fact that she was poor. 他根本不注意她很穷这一事实。
但有个别介词(如except)可接that从句。
比较：I know nothing about him except that he lives next door./I know nothing about him except for the fact that he lives next door. 我只知道他住在隔壁,其它的就不知道了。
5、不定式作介词宾语：
如：I had no choice but to wait. 除了等，我没有别的选择。
He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只想留在那儿。
They did nothing but complain. 他们老是一个劲地抱怨。
He never did anything but watch TV. 除了看电视，他从不干任何事。
注：(1)介词后接不定式的情形通常只见于but, except等极个别个词。该不定式有时带to，有时不带to，其区别是：若其前出现了动词do，其后的不定式通常不带to；
若其前没有出现动词do，则其后的不定式通常带to。
(2)介词后虽然通常不直接跟不定式作宾语，但却可接“连接代词(副词)+不定式”结构：
如：He gave me some advice on how to do it. 对于如何做这事他给我提了些建议。
6、形容词作介词宾语：
如：Her pronunciation is far from perfect. 她的语音远不是完美的。
In short, we must be prepared. 总而言之，我们要有准备。
Things have gone from bad to worse. 事情越来越糟。
注：(1)有些形容词用作介词宾语可视为其前省略了动名词being：
如：He regarded the situationas(being) serious. 他认为形势严重。
His work is far from(being) satisfactory. 他的工作丝毫不令人满意。
(2)有些“介词+形容词”的结构已构成固定搭配：in full全部地，全面地，无省略地； in private私下地，秘密地； in particular特别地；in general一般地，通常地，概括地； in brief 简言之；in short总之，简言之； in vain徒然地，徒劳无益地；for fee免费地，无偿地； for certain肯定地，确切地；for sure肯定地，确切地； for short为了简短，简称；atl arge自由自在地，逍遥法外； by far…得多
7、副词作介词宾语：
如：I can't stay for long. 我不能久呆。
It's too hot in here. 这里面太热了。
I looked every where except there. 除了那儿，我到处都看过了。
8、数词作介词宾语：
如：The city has a population of four million. 这座城市有四百万人口。
He was among the first to arrive. 他是第一批到的。
9、介词短语作介词宾语：
如：Choose a book from among these. 从这些书中选一本吧。
I saw her from across the street. 我从街的对面望见了她。
注：通常可后接介词短语作宾语的介词是from, till, until, since, except, instead of等。
比较：I took it from the bed. 我从床那儿(或床上)拿的。
I took it from under the bed. 我从床下拿的。
10、复合结构用作介词宾语：
如：She had no objection to Mary marrying him. 她不反对玛丽与他结婚。
She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿着一本书走了进来。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。
介词短语的句法功能：
1、表语：
如：He was with a friend. 他和一个朋友在一起。
Health is above wealth. 健康胜过财富。
This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。
注：有些介词(如because of)引出的短语通常只用作状语，不用作表语：
误：His absence is because of the rain.
正：His absence is due to the rain. 他因雨未来。
但是，若主语是代词(不是名词)，becauseof引出的短语可用作表语：
如：It is because of hard work. 那是因为辛苦工作的原因。
2、状语：
如：Don't touch it with your hands. 别用手去摸它。
Did you do this by design or by accident? 你这样做是有意的还是无意的？
3、定语：
如：This is his reply to your letter. 这是他给你的回信。
This is the best way of doing it. 这是做此事最好的方法。
My love for you is deeper than the sea. 我对你的爱比海深。
4、宾语补足语：
如：I found everythingin good condition. 我发现一切正常。
Her illness kept her in bed for a week. 她因生病在床上躺了一星期。
注：用作宾语补足语的介词短语在相应的被动语态中则为主语补足语：
如：He was regarded as a hero. 他被看成是英雄。
5、宾语：
如：A man stepped out from behind the wall. 一个人从墙后走出来。
He cannot spare anytime except on Sunday. 除星期日外，他抽不出时间。
6、主语：
如：Between6 and 7 suits me. 六点到七点对我比较适合。
After the exams is the time to relax. 考试后是轻松一下的时间。
注：介词短语通常不用作主语，尽管有时也像上面这样用作主语，但通常可视为是在一定的上下文中有所省略：
如：—When are we going to have the next meeting? 我们下次什么时候见面？
—On Tuesday may be convenient. 星期二可能比较方便。
此句中onTuesday虽用作主语，但可视为是其前省略了meeting一词：
即：Meeting during the vacation may be convenient.
it的概念：
it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。
it 的用法：
1、it可指天气、温度、时间、距离等 。
如：It is cold today, isn't it?
2、用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。
如：The dog is not acold-blooded animals. It doesn't need to hibernate.
3、为避免重复，it可用来代替前面说过的短语或句子。
如：I tried to persuade my father to give up smoking, but found it impossible. (it=to persuade my father to give up smoking)
4、代替指示代词this，that。
如：—What's this?
—It's an album.
—Whose new bike is that?
—It's Mary's.
注：it与one，that的区别：
it=the（this, that）+名词，特指并且代替前面所提到的某特定事物。
如：He's bought a new car, so he drives it everywhere to show ito ff.
one=a+名词，one指前面提到的同类事物中的不同的另一个。
如：He needs a computer, but he can't afford one.
that=the+名词，that指代的名词与前面的名词属于同一类，但不属同一个。
如：The population of China is larger than that of Japan. that指代population，但其后有一个of短语作定语，以区别于the population of China。
注：it与that的异同：
it指同一事物，that指同类但并不是同一事物。
如：I like the climate of Kunming more than that of Beijing.
The climate of Kunming is mild, and I like it.
5、It/This/That+be+the first(second, third...) time+that-clause 这个句型表示截止到说话时为止的某人的一种经历，关键是注意time前有序数词，主句是一般现在时is时，从句要用现在完成时；如果主句用一般过去时was时，则从句须相应地用过去完成时。
如：This is the first time(that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.
It was the fifth time(that) I had paid a friendly visit to America.
6、在一些相对固定的词组中，没有特殊含义，经常不翻译。
如：He's never really made it as an actor. 作为演员，他从未获得过真正的成功。
It is my turn. 轮到我了。
强调句中的it：
可以用来改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调：
1）强调句的基本句型it's/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他成分
原句：I told Jim the news in our office yesterday.
强调主语：It was I that/who told Jim the news in our office yesterday.
强调宾语：It was Jim that I told the news in our office yesterday.
或：It was the news that I told Jim in our office yesterday.
强调地点状语：It was in our office that I told Jim the news yesterday.
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I told Jim the news in our office.
2）强调句的一般疑问句型Is/Was+it+所强调部分+that/who...?
如：Was it you that told Jim the news in your office yesterday?
3）强调句的特殊疑问句型疑问词+is/was+it+that/who...?
如：Who was it that told Jim the news in your office yesterday?
【注】强调句与主语从句虽然在形式上很相似，即都含有it is(was)...that。但，区别在于：强调句去掉it is(was)…that之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能这样。
如：(It is)our hope(that) the two sides will work towards peace.
解析：去掉It is…that之后，句子是不成立的。由此得出该句不是强调句，而是一个简单的主语从句，it是形式主语，从句是真正的主语。
“it”的用法：
1、it 作形式主语：
it 在句中可作形式主语，而真正作主语的主语从句需要放在句子的末尾。主语从句后置常用以下几种结构：
1）It is/was+adj.+subject-clause可用于此句型的形容词有：
clear, certain, funny, good, impossible, likely, natural, obvious, possible, probable, strange, surprising, true, unusual, wonderful等。
如：It is obvious that going for sports will do a lot of good to your health.
2）It+be+adj./n.(forsb./ofsb.)+todosth. 该句型中的形容词通常表示事物的特点或特征的，如：
difficult, hard, easy, impossible, necessary, important等，此时用for；或表示人的性格特征或特点的，如:
nice, good, bad, kind, silly, foolish, wise, clever, careless, rude, brave, cruel, careful, grateful等，这时要用of 。
3）It is/was+名词词组+subject-clause可用于该结构的名词词组有：
a pity/duty, a good thing, no surprise, good news, an honor, a fact, a mystery, a shame, manners等。
如：It's a pity that I didn't attend the party.
4）It is/was+V-ed+subject-clause可用于该结构的动词的过去分词有：
said, reported, thought, supposed, believed, hoped, expected, known, decided, announced, arranged等。
如：It is said that something had been done to end the pollution.
注：本句还可改写为：Something is said to have been done to end the pollution.
5）It+vi.+subject-clause可用于该结构的动词有：appear, seem, happen, occur等。
如：It appeared to scientists that the stars had moved.
6）It doesn't matter(makes no difference,etc.) +连接代词或连接副词引起的从句作宾语。
如：It doesn't matter whether he'll join the army or not.
It makes no difference where we have the conference.
7）一些固定句型：
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
如：It will take you two days to get there on foot.
It costs sb. some money to do sth.
如：It costs 1,000 dollars to fly to America.
It is/was no use(useless) doing（做什么是没有用处的）
如：It's no use arguing with him.
It is/was no good doing（做什么是没有好处的）
8）以下句型结构中需要用虚拟语气
① It is/was important(necessary, strange) that...;
It is/was ordered(required, suggested, proposed) that...;
It is/was a pity(a shame) that...表示遗憾等感情的句子中，主语从句要用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
如：It's necessary that he(should) be operated on at once.
② It is (high)time that...结构中用should+动词原形（should不能省略）或动词过去式。
如：It is high time that you should make(made) full use of your time to go over your lessons.
2、it作形式宾语：
1）动词consider（feel, find, think等）+it+形容词（名词）+不定式（动词-ing形式，从句）。
如：She thinks it no use telling me.
2）主语+appreciate（enjoy，like，love，hate）+it+if（when）...结构
如：We would appreciate it if you could come to help us.
3）dependon, relyon, see to（负责/设法做到）, takeforgranted（习以为常）等短语后跟that从句时，要以it作形式宾语。
如：We're depending on it that he will finish the job by Friday.
“it ”引起的几个易混淆的时间句型：
1）It be+时间+since-clause 这个句型表示从since从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为“自从…以来已多久了”，主句多用一般现在时，从句用一般过去时，如果表示过去的情况，主句一般用过去时，从句用过去完成时，或主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
注：since引导时间状语从句时，从句若使用终止性动词，则表示该时间是主句时间段的终点（时间从现在算起）；若从句使用延续性动词，则表示该动作状态的结束（时间从过去算起）。
如：It's five years since they got married. 他们结婚已经5年了。
It's five years since they were married. 他们离婚已经5年了。
It's ten years since his father was a worker. 他父亲不当工人已经10年了。
I haven't seen him since we were boys together. 我们长大以后再没有见过面。
2）It be+时间+before-clause 这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语（如：long years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes），主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为“过多长时间才…”。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为“没过多长时间就…”。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时willbe；用was时，before从句的动词用一般过去时；用willbe时，before从句常用一般现在时。 如：It was not long before she learned those poems by heart. 她没过多久就背会了那些诗。
It was long before the police arrived. 过了很久警察才来。
It will be hours before he makes a decision. 要过好几个小时他才会作出决定。
It will not be hours before we meet again. 要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的
3）It be+时间+when-clause 这个句型中，it指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词（时间一般是具体时间）。主句和从句中的谓语动词在时态上是一致的，主句是willbe，when从句用一般现在时代替将来时。
如：It was already 8 o'clock when we got home.
It will be late afternoon when they get there.
4）It be+时间+that-clause 这个句型是个强调句型。
如：It was at 5o'clock that he practiced playing the violin in the morning. (原句是：He practiced playing the violin at 5o'clock in the morning.)
比较：It was 5o'clock when he started in the morning.（5o'clock前没有介词，这个是定语从句）
5）It be+time+that-clause 这个句型属虚拟语气结构，不管主句中用的是is或was，that从句都须用动词的过去式或should+动词原形（但不及物动词通常用过去式），在time之前有时可以加上high 或about 以加强语气。
如：It is high time(that) he wrote a letter to his girl friend.
It is time(that) we made people's life a little easier.= It is time that we should make people's life a little easier.
与“____ occurred to me that the murder happened ___ a rainy ...”考查相似的试题有：