It was not the cyclists but the driver who ________ for the traffic ac,高中三年级,英语试题,不定式考点,主谓一致考点,好技网

单选题
It was not the cyclists but the driver who ________  for the traffic accident.
[     ]

A．were blamed
B.   was to blame
C．was to be blamed
D．were to blame

本题信息：2012年江苏同步题英语单选题难度一般来源:谢雪莲
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本试题 “It was not the cyclists but the driver who ________ for the traffic accident.[ ]A．were blamedB. was to blameC．was to be blamedD．were to blame” 主要考查您对
不定式

主谓一致
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。

不定式
主谓一致

动词不定式的概念：

动词不定式指由to加上动词原形（而且只能是动词原形）所构成的一种非限定性动词，但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、
表语、定语和状语。

不定式的特殊句型对比：

1、不定式的特殊句型too…to…：
1）too…to　太…以至于…。
例如：He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。　
        —Can I help you? 需要我帮忙吗?
        —Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carryi t, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢。
2）如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意为“不太”。
例如：It's never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。（谚语）　
3）当too前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常…等于very。
例如：I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 能帮助你我非常高兴。　
            He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
2、不定式的特殊句型so as to：
1）表示目的：它的否定式是so as not to do。
例如：Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job. 汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。　　　
            Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。
2）表示结果：
例如：Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾，现在几点了。
3、不定式的特殊句型：Why not：
“Whynot+动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不……?   干吗不……?
例如：Why not take a holiday?

不定式的用法：

1、不定式作补语：
1）有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。
例如：advise allow cause challenge command compel drive驱使
enable encourage forbid force impel induce instruct invite like/love order permit make let have want get warn persuade request send tell train urge 等。
例如：Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。　　　　　　
            The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。
注意：有些动词如make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2）有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去。
例如：consider find believe think declare（声称） appoint guess fancy（设想） guess judge imagine know 等。
例如：We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
            We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。（tobe不能省去）
典型例题：Charles Babbage is generally considered___the first computer.
                    A. to invent　
                    B. inventing　
                    C. to have invented　
                    D. having invented　
答案：C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构，也没有consider+宾语+doing的结构，排除A、B、D。consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故选C。 3）有些动词可以跟there+to be的结构。例如：believe expect intend like love mean prefer want wish understand 等。
例如：We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
            You wouldn't want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。
2、不定式作主语：
不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。　
例如：It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。
            It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。　
            It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。　
            It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
3、不定式作表语：
不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。
例如：My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。　　
            His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。
4、不定式作定语：
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。
例如：I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。　　　
            There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上（他回家时）两手空空。
5、不定式作状语：
1）目的状语：常用结构为to do,only to do（仅仅为了）, in order to do,so as to do,so（such）...asto…（如此…以便…）。
例如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。　　
            I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2）作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。
例如：I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。　　
            He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。
3）表原因：
例如：I'm glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。
            She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。
4）表示理由和条件：
例如：He must be a fool to say so.
            You will do well to speak more carefully.
            You will do well to speak more carefully.

不定式知识体系：

不定式用法拓展：

1、用作介词的to：
to可以用作介词，也可用作不定式的标示。下面的to都用作介词：admit to object to beaccus to med to beused to stick to turn to开始 look forward to be devoted to pay attention to contribute to apologize to devote oneself to

2、省去to的动词不定式：
1）情态动词（除ought外）后。
2）使役动词let,have,make后，感官动词see, watch, lookat, notice, observe, hear, listento, smell, feel, find等后。
注意：被动语态中不能省去to。
例如：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。=He was seen to dance. 　
           The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night.
3）would rather，had better句型后：
4）Why…/why not…句型后：
5）help后可带to，也可不带to, help sb（to）do sth：
6）but和except后：
but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。
比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。　　
            He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。
7）由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to可以省去：
8）通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。
例如：He is supposed（to be）nice. 他应该是个好人。

3、动词不定式的否定式在不定式标志to前加上not。
例如：Tell him not to shut the window。让他别关窗。　
            She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。
4、It's for sb. 和It's of sb. 这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。
1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
例如：It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2）of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
例如：It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。用for还是用of的另一种辨别方法：用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果通顺用of，不通则用for。
例如：You are nice.（通顺，所以应用of）。　　
            He is hard.（非所表达的意思，不通，因此用for。）

主谓一致的概念：

谓语的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。

主谓一致的基本原则：

1)语法一致原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。例如，主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。
例如：The students are very young.
            This picture looks beautiful.
2)意义一致原则，即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如，主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数，谓语动词也采取复数形式；
而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数，谓语动词也采取单数形式。
例如：The people in that country are fighting for independence.
            The crowd deeply respect their leader.
            Three years in a strange land seems a long time.
3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
例如：Neither hen or I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy.

几对容易混淆词组的一致用法：

1、由“this／thatkind／typeof+名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；而由"these／thosekind／typeof+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：This kind of apples is highly priced.
            Those kind(s) of tests are good.
2、由“a number of，a totalo f，an average of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；由“the number of，the total of，the average of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：A number of students are waiting for the bus.
            The number of the students in this university is increasing yearly.
3、one of，the(only) one of的一致用法
例如：This is one of the books that have been recommended.
            This is the(only) one of the books that has been recommended.

主谓一致用法点拨：

1、并列结构作主语谓语用复数：
如：Reading and writing are very important.
注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
如：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
典型例题：
The League secretary and monitor___asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
答案：B.
注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A、C本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。

2、主谓一致中的靠近原则：
1）当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
例如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
            There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
2）当either…or…与neither…nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
例如：Either you or she is to go.
            Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

3、谓语动词与前面的主语一致：
当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
例如：The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
            He as well as I wants to go boating.

4、谓语需用单数：
1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each,every,谓语需用单数。
例如：Each of us has a tape-recorder.
2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。
例如：The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。)
例如：Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
            Ten yuan is enough.

5、指代意义决定谓语的单复数：
1）在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
例如：All is right. (一切顺利。)
            All are present. (所有人都到齐了。)
2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。
例如：family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。
例如：His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。
            His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
例如：Are there any police around?
3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。
A number of+名词复数+复数动词。 The number of+名词复数+单数动词。
例如：A number of books have lent out.
            The majority of the students like English.

6、与后接名词或代词保持一致：
1）用half of, part of, most of, a portion of等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。
例如：Most of his money is spent on books.
            Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
2）在一些短语，如many a或more than one所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。
但由more than…of作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
例如：Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。
            More than 60percent of the students are from the city. 百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市

主谓一致知识体系：

主谓一致用法拓展：

1）当everyone，everybody，noone，nobody，anyone，anybody，someone，somebody，everything，anything，something，nothing等用作主语时，其相应的代词一般用单数形式。
例如：If anybody calls, tell him that I'm out.
            Something strange happened, didn't it?
2）人称代词与名词的呼应：人称代词I(me)，he(him)，she(her)，it(it) 都是代替前面的单数名词，而they(them)，we(us)则是代替复数名词的，you既可以代表单数，也可以代表复数。但表示泛指的时候，用he或one来表示。
例如：If a young person enters a classical music field only for money, he is in the wrong profession.
3）物主代词与名词的呼应：my，our，his，her，its，their要与代替的名词在数上一致。
例如：The welfare department，as well as the other social services，will have its budget cut.
4）反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应。
例如：Many primitive people believed that by eating ananimal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.
5）指示代词与所代名词间的呼应：this和that指代单数名词或不可数名词，these和those指代复数名词(those还可以用作先行词，引导定语从句，表示“那些人”)。
例如：She invited all those who had been her former colleagues.
6）much和muchof后接不可数名词，而many和manyof后接可数名词的复数。
例如：There is not much coal left.
            A great many of the houses were knocked down by the earthquake.
7）表示量的词后面有的接可数名词，有的接不可数名词。
接可数名词的有：a number of，a rangeof，a series of十复数名词；
接不可数名词的有：a great deal of，an amount of十不可数名词；
既可接可数又可接不可数名词的有：a lot of，a variety of。
例如：1.The government attached a great deal of importance to education.
            2.Quiteanumberofwomenappliedforthisjob.
            3.The college library has avariety of books.
            4.An apple is avariety off ruit.

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