本试题 “She did _____ she could _____ him.A. all what, helpB. all, to helpC. all which, to helpD. all that, help” 主要考查您对关系代词
不定式
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
- 关系代词
- 不定式
关系代词的概念：
英语中的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, 它们是用来引导定语从句的。关系代词既代表定语从句所修饰的词，又在其所引导的从句中承担一个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、或定语。
如：This is the man who saved your son. (who在从句中作主语，先行词是man）
The man whom I met yesterday is Jim.
A child whose parents are dead is an orphan.
He wants a room whose window looks out over the sea.
关系代词用法：
1、that与which的用法区别：
两者都可指物，常可互换。其区别主要在于：
（1）引导非限制性定语从句时，通常要用which：
如：She received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise. 她收到了老板的邀请，这是她意想不到的。
（2）直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常要用which：
如：The tool with which he is working is called a hammer. 他干活用的那个工具叫做锤子。
（3）当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing)等时，通常用that：
如：There was little that the enemy could do but surrender. 敌人无法,只有投降了。
All[Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必须做。
（4）当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时，通常用that：
如：This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。
Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。
（5）当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词（包括last, next等）等修饰时，通常用that：
如：This is the best dictionary that I've ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。
The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。
（6）当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用that：
如：China is not the country(that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。
（7）当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时，通常用that：
如：They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。
（8）当要避免重复时：
如：Which is the course that we are to take? 我们选哪门课程？
2、that与who的用法区别：
（1）两者均可指人，有时可互换：
如：All that[who] heard him were delighted. 所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴。
Have you met anybody that[who] has been to Paris? 你遇见过到过巴黎的人吗?
He is the only one among us that[who] knows Russian. 他是我们中间唯一懂俄语的人。
（2）但是在下列情况，通常要用that：
①当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时：
如：I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad. 我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告。
②当先行词是who时(为避免重复)：
如：Who was it that won the World Cup in1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯？
③当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略)：
如：Tom is not the boy(that) he was. 汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个样子了。
关系代词知识体系：
关系代词用法拓展：
1、as与which的用法区别：
(1)引导限制性定语从句时，在such,as,thesame后只能用as，其他情况用which：
如：I never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲那样的故事。
It's the same story as I heard yesterday. 这故事跟我昨天听到的一样。
This is the photo which shows my house. 这张照片拍的是我的住宅。
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时，有时两者可互换：
如：I live a long way from work, as [which] you know. 我住得离工作单位很远，这你是知道的。
(3)但在，在以下情况引导非限制性定语从句时，两者不可换用：
①当从句位于主句前面时，只用as：
如：As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 月球每月绕地球转一周，这是每个人都清楚的。
②as引导的非限制性定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致，which无此限制：
如：He went abroad, as[which] was expected. 他出国了，这是大家预料到的。
He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出国了，这让大家感到很意外。(不用as)
③as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词通常不能是主句中某个具体的词，而应是整个句子、整个短语或某个短语推断出来的概念，而which则无此限制：
如：The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames. 这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as)
④当as引导非限制性定语从句作主语时，其谓语通常应是连系动词，而不宜是其他动词，而which则无此限制：
如：She has married again, as[which] seemed natural. 她又结婚了，这似乎很自常。
She has married again, which delighted us.她又结婚了，这使我们很高兴。(不用as)
2、who与whom的用法区别：
两者均只用于人，从理论上说，who为主格，whom为宾格：
如：Where's the girl who sells the tickets? 卖票的女孩在哪里？
The author whom you criticized in your view has written a letter in reply. 你在评论中批评的那个作者已写了一封回信。
但实际上，除非在正式文体中，宾格关系代词whom往往省略不用，或用who或that代之：
如：The man(that, who, whom) you met just now is called Jim. 你刚遇见的那个人叫吉姆。
不过，在以下几种情况值得注意：
(1)直接跟在介词后面作宾语时，只能用whom，而且不能省略：
如：She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. 她带了3个朋友来，我以前都没见过。
(2)引导非限制性定语从句且作宾语时，who和whom均可用，但以用whom为佳，此时也不能省略：
如：This is Jack, who[whom] you haven't met before. 这是杰克，你以前没见过。
动词不定式的概念：
动词不定式指由to加上动词原形（而且只能是动词原形）所构成的一种非限定性动词，但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、
表语、定语和状语。
不定式的特殊句型对比：
1、不定式的特殊句型too…to…：
1）too…to 太…以至于…。
例如：He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。
—Can I help you? 需要我帮忙吗?
—Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carryi t, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢。
2）如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意为“不太”。
例如：It's never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。（谚语）
3）当too前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常…等于very。
例如：I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 能帮助你我非常高兴。
He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
2、不定式的特殊句型so as to：
1）表示目的：它的否定式是so as not to do。
例如：Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job. 汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。
Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。
2）表示结果：
例如：Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾，现在几点了。
3、不定式的特殊句型：Why not：
“Whynot+动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不……? 干吗不……?
例如：Why not take a holiday?
不定式的用法：
1、不定式作补语：
1）有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。
例如：advise allow cause challenge command compel drive驱使
enable encourage forbid force impel induce instruct invite like/love order permit make let have want get warn persuade request send tell train urge 等。
例如：Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。
注意：有些动词如make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2）有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去。
例如：consider find believe think declare（声称） appoint guess fancy（设想） guess judge imagine know 等。
例如：We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。（tobe不能省去）
典型例题：Charles Babbage is generally considered___the first computer.
A. to invent
B. inventing
C. to have invented
D. having invented
答案：C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构，也没有consider+宾语+doing的结构，排除A、B、D。consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故选C。 3）有些动词可以跟there+to be的结构。例如：believe expect intend like love mean prefer want wish understand 等。
例如：We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
You wouldn't want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。
2、不定式作主语：
不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。
例如：It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
3、不定式作表语：
不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。
例如：My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。
His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。
4、不定式作定语：
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。
例如：I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。
There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上（他回家时）两手空空。
5、不定式作状语：
1）目的状语：常用结构为to do,only to do（仅仅为了）, in order to do,so as to do,so（such）...asto…（如此…以便…）。
例如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2）作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。
例如：I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。
He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。
3）表原因：
例如：I'm glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。
She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。
4）表示理由和条件：
例如：He must be a fool to say so.
You will do well to speak more carefully.
You will do well to speak more carefully.
不定式知识体系：
不定式用法拓展：
1、用作介词的to：
to可以用作介词，也可用作不定式的标示。下面的to都用作介词：admit to object to beaccus to med to beused to stick to turn to开始 look forward to be devoted to pay attention to contribute to apologize to devote oneself to
2、省去to的动词不定式：
1）情态动词（除ought外）后。
2）使役动词let,have,make后，感官动词see, watch, lookat, notice, observe, hear, listento, smell, feel, find等后。
注意：被动语态中不能省去to。
例如：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night.
3）would rather，had better句型后：
4）Why…/why not…句型后：
5）help后可带to，也可不带to, help sb（to）do sth：
6）but和except后：
but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。
比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。
7）由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to可以省去：
8）通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。
例如：He is supposed（to be）nice. 他应该是个好人。
3、动词不定式的否定式在不定式标志to前加上not。
例如：Tell him not to shut the window。让他别关窗。
She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。
4、It's for sb. 和It's of sb. 这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。
1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
例如：It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2）of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
例如：It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。用for还是用of的另一种辨别方法：用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果通顺用of，不通则用for。
例如：You are nice.（通顺，所以应用of）。
He is hard.（非所表达的意思，不通，因此用for。）
与“She did _____ she could _____ him.A. all what, helpB. all...”考查相似的试题有：
- --What will the year 2012 be like？--Hard to say，but it might be like _______ day we have spent.A．everyB．eachC． a...
- I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _______ in the city.A．onesB．oneC．thatD．...
- —Could you please spare me some time? I’ve something to talk with you.—Not now. ______time，please.A．AnyB．SomeC．So...
- You can take ____ you like here.A．whichB．no matter whatC．whateverD．anything of which
- ________ is no difference between them.A．ThereB．WhereC．ItD．What
- The weather of this year is not so good as of last year.A．oneB．the oneC．thatD．those
- 用适当的关系代词填空。1. This is the comrade _____ will go to the south with us tomorrow.2. Who's the student _____ t...
- —The price is fine with me. How would you like _______ paid?—Well. It's up to you.A．oneB．thisC．thatD．it
- I send you 100 dollars today, the rest ____ in a year.[ ]A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed
- He came late only________all the students had left.[ ]A. to findB. findingC. being foundD. to be found