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  • 阅读理解
    阅读理解。
    Can you remember a morning when you've woken up to the ring of your alarm clock and
    wished you could stay in bed? You haven't slept well, your hair is a mess. Worse, you
    can't stop yawning. Yawning is universal to humans and many animals. Cats, dogs and fish
    yawn just like humans do! Yawning is an involuntary (无意识的,不自觉的) action during
    which you open your mouth and breathe deeply. The average duration of a yawn is about 6
    seconds.
    The purpose and cause of yawning are still a mystery. Scientists are not sure what
    causes a yawn. People yawn when they are tired or bored, but they also yawn when they
    aren't. There are many ideas explaining why we yawn.
    One idea is that yawning is a way for the body to become more alert by taking in more
    oxygen. A yawn increases the heart rate, forces carbon dioxide out of the lungs and blood
    stream, and brings oxygen to the brain. But one study showed that volunteers given a lot
    of oxygen did not yawn any less than before, while those given a lot of carbon dioxide
    did not yawn more.
    Another idea is that early humans used yawning as a form of communication. If one
    decided it was time to sleep, they would tell the others by yawning and they would do it
    in return to show they agreed.
    A third explanation comes from psychology professor Gordon Gallup of University at
    Albany in New York. He said that as people yawn, they cool off their brains. "Brains are
    like computers." he said. "They only operate efficiently and effectively when they're
    cool. Many things connected to yawning, like being tired, make the brain hot, and yawning
    can reduce the heat."
    Scientists have sent people into space, and created terrible nuclear weapons, but
    there are lots of seemingly simple things, such as why we yawn, or hiccup, that they
    can't figure out. Next time you are in class in the morning, let out a big yawn and watch
    to see how many of your classmates yawn in response!
    1. What's the purpose of the description of how bad you may feel when you're woken up in
    the morning?
    [     ]

    A. To explain why humans yawn.
    B. To explain how humans start yawning.
    C. To lead into the topic of yawning.
    D. To complain about being woken up by the clock.
    2. Which is not among the possible reasons for yawning mentioned in the passage?
    [     ]

    A. A way to show that you feel hot.
    B. A way to get rid of carbon dioxide.
    C. A way to cool off your brain.
    D. A way to communicate.
    3. In which situation are you likely to yawn?
    [     ]

    A. When you feel sleepy.
    B. The weather is hot.
    C. Someone else yawns near you.
    D. When you breathe in a lot of carbon dioxide.
    4. What can we learn from the passage?
    [     ]

    A. The real reason why humans and most animals yawn.
    B. Hiccups are an involuntary human action similar to yawns.
    C. The more an action can be studied, the easier it is to research.
    D. Finding out why humans yawn should be easier than sending people into space.
    本题信息:2011年0123期末题英语阅读理解难度极难 来源:张雪
  • 本题答案
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本试题 “阅读理解。Can you remember a morning when you've woken up to the ring of your alarm clock andwished you could stay in bed? You haven't slept well, ...” 主要考查您对

科教类阅读

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 科教类阅读

科教类阅读的概念:

科教类阅读主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力。试题的取材,密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科技等方面的变化,有关数据的来源真实可信。


科教类文章阅读技巧:

一、材料特点:

这类文章的总体特点是:科技词汇多,句子结构复杂,理论性强,逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下几个特点: 
1、文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明,不带感情色彩,具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法,一词多义的现象也不多见。 
2、句子结构较复杂,语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物,严密地表达自己的思想,作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。 
3、常使用被动语态,尤其是一些惯用被动句式。

二、命题特点:

科普类阅读的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等,其中推理判断题居多。

三、应对策略:

1、要想做好科普英语阅读理解题,同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章,学习科普知识,积累常见的科普词汇,从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。
2、要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题(Head line),导语(Introduction),背景(Back ground),主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括,但根据历年的高考情况来看,这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题,而要同学们选择标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述,这一部分命题往往最多,因此,阅读时,同学们要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括,并与导语相呼应,命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。  
3、在进行推理判断时,同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据,同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。


科普类阅读应试策略:

命题趋势
阅读理解题主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力。试题的取材,密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科技等方面的变化,有关数据的来源真实可信。因此科普知识类文章是每年的必考题。分析历年的科普类文章我们不难发现以下特点:
1、文章逻辑性强,条理清楚,语法结构简单,用语通俗。
2、文章内容注重科技领域的新发现。内容新颖,从而使文章显得陌生,内容抽象复杂。
3、命题方面注意对具体细节的准确理解和以之为依据的推理判断。
4、以人们的日常行为或饮食健康入手,探讨利弊,诠释过程,阐述概念。
应试对策
许多考生在考试时感到困惑的是:为什么一些没有超越中学语法和词汇范围的篇章,读起来却不能正确理解,或者要花费很多时间才能读懂呢?这种现象的产生与阅读方法有很大的关系。例如,有的考生在考试时一见到文章就立刻开始读,结果读了半天,还不知道短文讲的是什么,试题要求了些什么,结果浪费了大量的时间,而阅读效果并不好。那么,怎样读效果才好呢?任何一种阅读方法或技巧的使用,都是由篇章特点和试题本身的要求决定的,应根据不同的体裁和试题要求采取不同的策略。
1、浏览。浏览的主要目的就是确定文章的体裁。如果文章属于人物传记、记叙文、故事、科普小品和有关社会文化、文史知识的文章,一般来说,应该先看看文章的试题考查内容,对题目类型做到心中有数,针对不同问题,在通读时有粗有细地去阅读,这样不仅能把握篇章的基本结构和逻辑线索,也能做好有关具体事实信息考查的试题。
2、挖掘寓意,掌握中心思想,推出结论。任何文章,作者在行文时都有一定的写作目的和主要话题。在通读篇章时应该吃透作者的写作意图,抓住文章的主题句,充分发挥自己的想象力和概括力,作出对中心思想的归纳和结论的推断。
3、把握篇章结构,利用上下文进行推测。高考中的阅读理解篇章往往是一个较完整的短文,其结构、思想,前后上下连贯统一。考试时应充分利用这一特点推测一些生词、短语在句中的含义,切莫盲目孤立猜测。
4、综观全篇,前后呼应。这是阅读理解的最后一步,在做完阅读理解题后,要立足于文章整体,再迅速读一遍短文,短文中的问题和答案的设置前后都是相关联的,有着一定的连续性,体现着文章的基本脉络。