本试题 “My father told me that light __________ much faster than sound.[ ]A. is travelingB. will travelC. traveledD. travels” 主要考查您对一般现在时
宾语从句
等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
- 一般现在时
- 宾语从句
:表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态。
一般现在时的具体用法:
1. 表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。
e.g. I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.
2. 表示客观事实和普遍真理。
e.g. The earth moves around the sun.
3. 表示现在发生的具体动作或存在的状态
e.g. He lives in Beijing now.
4. 习惯性的爱好或行为
e.g. I like dancing while she likes singing.
5. 表示预先计划或安排好的行为。
e.g. Our class begins at 7:45.
6. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。
e.g. If you come, we will wait for you.
7. 表示格言或警句中。
e.g. Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
8.表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态。
e.g. I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
9.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。
10.小说故事用一般现在时代替一般过去时。新闻报道类的内容，为了体现其“新鲜”性，也用一般现在时来表示过去发生的事情。
11.有些表示状态和感觉的动词表示现在发生的具体行为时，只用一般现在时，而不用进行时态。
注意★：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
一般现在时与现在进行时的区别:
一、两种时态的主要含义：
一般现在时
1.表示事物的本质特性或客观存在，没有时限性。
The table ____ soft。（feels) 表特性特征。
Japan ___ in the east of China。 (lives) 表客观事实
2.现阶段经常性、习惯性的行为，可带频率时间。
The shop closes at 7:30 p.m.
Father doesn’t smoke. （习惯）
3.表说话时的状态，感觉或结果，一般用状态动词，如：
It doesn’t matter. Does it hurt? （感觉结果）
4.特殊用法：
－在条件、时间、让步从句中用现在时代替将来。
－If you go there,I’ll help you.
—用在begin,come,go,leave,return,open,close 等短暂谓语动词表规定计划。
The plane takes off at 11:30. （不受主观支配的计划）
－在剧本、解说、标题或there(here）开头的句中表进行
There goes the bell/Here comes Mr.Wang.
I declare the meeting opens.（正在宣布）
He meets the ball and hits back to No.2 （正在发生）
现在进行时
1.说话时正在发生，进行的动作
Look! Dark clouds are gathering . （正在发生）
2.表现阶段正在进行，但此刻不一定正在进行的事。
He usually gets up at 6:00,but this week he is getting up at 7:00.
（现阶段正在进行，但说话时不一定在起床）
3.现在进行时的特殊意义
－表示主观打算常用于 go,come,leave,start,begin 等，位移、趋向动词。
How long are you staying here （准备停留）
－表示眼前刚过去的语意即“话音刚落”，适用于tell,say,talk,discuss
You don’t believe it You know I’m telling the truth.
－表示安慰、关心、喜欢、讨厌等感情色彩。
He is always making noises in class. （讨厌）
－在条件、时间、让步状语从句中表示将来正在进行。
Don’t bother him if he is reading this time tomorrow.
二、严格区分进行时与一般时的语义
1. 持续动词的一般时表持续情况，经常性，习惯性行为或客观存在的事实，进行时表暂时性或有限时刻的持续。
2.短暂动词的一般时叙述事实，特征，能力而短暂动作进行时描述反复发生，即将发生或刚开始行为。
3.短暂动词和静态动词一般时表示实际情况客观状态、结果、特征、特性，进行时表未完成含开始或渐进之意。
The bus stops. （车停了－事实）
The bus is stopping. （渐渐停下来）
I love the job. （静态事实）
I am loving the job. ( 渐渐爱上了）
4.come,go,leave,start,return,move,reach,sail,fall 等一般时态表客观规定计划，进行时表主观打算推测。
Flight 254 leaves at 5:30. （表主观打算）
The plane is taking off an hour later.（主观判断）
5.现在进行时带always,often,usually,sometimes，等频率副词表感情色彩，一般现在时则没有此用法。
一般现在时的句子转换：
（1）当句子中有be动词或情态动词时，则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句.
例：
①陈述句：She is a student.
疑问句→ Is she a student?
否定句→ She is not a student.
②陈述句：I can swim.
疑问句→ Can you swim
否定句→ I can not swim.
（2）当句子中即没有be动词，也没有情态动词时，则在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数),does（单数she,he,it）变成问句；
在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t（I,you,以及复数), doesn’t（单数she,he,it）变成否定句，助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。
例：
①陈述句：We get up at 7:00 every morning.
疑问句→Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?
否定句→We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning.
②陈述句：She has a little brother.
疑问句→ Does she have a little brother?
否定句→ She doesn’t have a little brother.
一般现在时的表达方法：
主要通过谓语动词的变化和用时间词语来表示，其中最主要的是谓语动词的变化。现在一般时动词变化的规则是：
1.如果主语是名词复数和第一人称I、 we ，谓语动词不用做任何变化，即仍然用动词原形表示：
We usually go to school at 7:30. 我们通常7:30上学去。[go]
My parents give ten yuan to my sister every week.我父母每星期给我妹妹十元钱。[give]
2.主语是任何一个单数名词或者是第三人称单数，谓语动词要进行必要的变化。特别提一点：不可数名词也算作单数处理。
3.谓语动词的变化规律是：
第三人称单数的构成见下表：
|
词 |
构成 |
举例 | |
|
一般情况 |
词尾+s |
动词原形 |
第三人称单数 |
|
work(工作) |
works | ||
|
以-ch, -sh, s, x, o结尾 |
词尾+es |
teach(教) |
teaches |
|
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 |
变y为i，再加es |
fly(飞翔) |
flies |
特殊变化的词：
be （是） - am,is,are
I am
she/he/it，名词单数都用 is
we,you,they，名词复数都用are
have （有） - have,has
I,we,you,they，名词复数都用have
she/he/it is，名词单数都用 has
助动词，不论单复数、不论什么人称都没有变化，都用 can,may,must,need,ought to 等。
而且，句子中有了助动词，谓语动词就不需要有任何变化了，即用动词原形表示。例：
We have six classes every day. 我们每天上六节课。
I often get up at 6:30. 我经常6:30起床。
Jack likes Chinese food very much.杰克很喜欢中国饮食。
We can see some pictures on the wall. 我们能看到墙上的画。
4.一般现在时常用的时间词语
常用于一般现在时的词语有 sometimes/usually/often/every day(week,year)/ now/always 等。
这些时间词语只是辅助作用，这些词语也可用于其它的时态，所以谓语动词变化才是最关键的。
注意：当表现强烈的感情色彩时，尽管有如 always/never/seldom 等频率副词，但一般在频率副词前加上be动词，后面变为动词的现在分词形式。
例：My father lose his key again. He is always losing his key.
一般现在时的基本结构:
一般现在时中当主语为第三人称单数的时，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式。
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
宾语从句连接代词主要有：
who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever 等。
宾语从句的特点:
1.宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
2.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
3.连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。
4.whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。
5.如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.
宾语从句的时态:
1.主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。
例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
4. 如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
宾语从句的语序:
A. 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B. 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。
Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
C. 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.
Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
D. 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态。
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner
宾语从句的否定转移:
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等。
并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式。
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是?
宾语从句中引导词的用法比较
在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：
连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代词：who, whose, what ,which
副词：when ,where, how, why 等。
（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）
1.可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
2.在以下情况中that不能省略
a.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。
例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
b.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。
例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
c.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。
例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.
d.注:许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。
例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
1.由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。
例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
2.只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句
a.在带to的不定式前
例句：We decided whether to walk there.
b.在介词的后面
例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
c.在动词后面的宾语从句时
例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
d.直接与or not连用时
例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.
3.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
a.if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”
例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
b.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
c.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时
例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.
if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
a.if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if
b.少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.
c. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
d.在不定式前只能用whether.
（如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。）
e.避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
1.英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
2.英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。
例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
简化宾语从句常用六法：
方法一：
当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，
且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。
例如：
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.
→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him.
→We decided to help him.
方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，
且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
She has forgotten how she can open the window.
→She has forgotten how to open the window.
注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，
且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
Could you tell me how I can get to the station？
→Could you tell me how to get to the station？
方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，
如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.
→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：
He insisted that he should go with us.
→He insisted on going with us.
The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.
→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.
方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.
→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.
方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：
It seemed that the boys were going to win.
→The boys seemed to win.
除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：
I found that it was difficult to learn English well.
→I found it difficult to learn English well.
Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.
→Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.
They found that the box was very heavy.
→They found the box very heavy
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