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初中三年级英语

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  • 句型转换
    句型转换
    1. Mike said, "I will go to Shanghai for a visit tomorrow." (改为间接引语)
    Mike told me that he ________ ________ to Shanghai for a visit the next day.
    2. Linda asked John, "Do you come from the USA?"    (改为间接引语)
    Linda asked John ________ he ________ from the USA.
    3. Kitty has to put away the warm clothes because the summer is coming.(改为否定句)
    Kitty ________ ________ to put away the warm clothes because the summer isn't coming.
    4.Twenty thousandfans have voted online for their favourite singers.  (对划线部分提问)
    ________ ________ fans have voted online for their favourite singers?
    5. His grandpa died of cancer last year. (保持句意基本不变)
    His grandpa had cancer and ________ ________ last year.
    本题信息:2012年北京期末题英语句型转换难度一般 来源:侯亚君
  • 本题答案
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本试题 “句型转换1. Mike said, "I will go to Shanghai for a visit tomorrow." (改为间接引语)Mike told me that he ________ ________ to Shanghai for a visit th...” 主要考查您对

实义动词的过去式

助动词的单数第三人称形式

动词短语

过去将来时

从属连词

疑问词组

等考点的理解。关于这些考点您可以点击下面的选项卡查看详细档案。
  • 实义动词的过去式
  • 助动词的单数第三人称形式
  • 动词短语
  • 过去将来时
  • 从属连词
  • 疑问词组
表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。
动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。

实意动词过去式变化规则:

分类 构成 例句
一般情况下 在词尾直接加ed ask—asked
work—worked
以不发音的e结尾 只加d

love—loved

dance—danced

以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i,再加-ed try—tried
study—studied
以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的
重读音节结尾的动词
先双写末尾一个字母,再加ed stop—stopped
permit—permitted
“-ed”的读音规则 1.在清辅音后面读[t],如:help—helped[helpt]
2.在浊辅音或元音后读[d],如:learn—learned
3.在[t]和[d]后读[id],如:want—wantedneed—needed
注:以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;
尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveled/traveled。
特例:picnic—picnicked,另外还有很多动词的过去式是不合乎上述规则的,常见的有:
常用的有:
begin—began,         bring—brought,        come—came,        draw—drew,
drink—drank,          drive—drove,          eat—ate,                feel—felt,
get—got,                  give—gave,              go—went,             grow—grew,
have (has)—had,      keep—kept,            know—knew,       leave—left,  
make—made,           read—read,            run—ran,               say—said,
see—saw,                sit—sat


几个特殊实意动词过去式用法:
a.beat的过去式与原形同形:   
beat(打击) 
beat(过去式) 
beaten(过去分词)   
b.lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同   
lie,lied, lied(说谎)   
lay, lain(躺,位于)   

c.hang有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同   
hang,hanged, hanged(处绞刑)   
hung, hung(挂,吊)   

d. welcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词   
welcome welcomed, welcomed(正)   
welcome, welcome(误)   

e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词   
hit(打) 
hit, hit(正)   
hitted, hitted(误) 


实意动词过去式用法基本句式:
1.主+V-ed+宾+其它。。。(肯定句)
2.主+didn't+V原+宾+其它。。。
3.Did+主+V原+宾+其它。。。+?
4.回答:Yes,主语代词+didNo,主语代词+didin't.
5.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。
实义动词的一般过去时态:
肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.

肯定句为:
主语+动词过去式+宾语    如:
I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.

否定句:
主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语  如:
I didn't go home yesterday.  He didn't tell me about you.

疑问句:
一般疑问句:
Did +主语+动词原形+宾语
如:Did you go home yesterday?  
Did you study in the school?
肯定回答: Yes, I did.    
否定回答:No, I didn't.

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did +主语+动词原型+宾语
When did you finish your homework last night?      
What did you do the day before yesterday?
助动词的单三形式

助动词

be 

do 

have 

shall 

will 

单三形式

is

does

has

shall

will


动词短语:
由动词和动短语成,或以动词为中心,功能同动词的短语叫动词短语,动词短语是动词的一种固定搭配形式,动词短语的搭配可分为下列四种基本类型。
动词短语搭配形式:
1.动词+副词
①作及物动词,例: 
He brought up his children strictly.   
从以上的例句中可以看出,在“动词+副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况:
宾语如是名词,则可置于副词后面,亦可置于动词和副词之间。
而如果宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间。   
②作不及物动词,例:    
Something unexpected has turned up. 出现了令人意外的情况。(turn up=appear)   
③既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,例:   
The barrel of gunpowder blew up.(不及物)火药桶爆炸了。   
The soldiers blew up the bridge.(及物)士兵们把桥炸毁了。

2.动词+介词 
动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是在介词后面,例:
I don’t much care for television.我不很喜欢电视。(care for=like)

3.动词+副词+介词
在这类动词短语中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,是动副词组和动介词组的合成体,词义上相当于一个及物动词。
它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点,但宾语总是位于介词之后,例: 
We must work hard to make up for lost time.我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。(make up for=compensate)

4.动词+名词
这类动词短语中的常见动词是have,take,give,make等,
后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词,并表达了短语动词的真正意义,例:    
Let’s have another try.让我们再试一下。(have a try=v.try)  

5.动词+名词+介词    
这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度,宾语总是位于介词之后,
 例:Keep an eye on the baby while I am out.我不在家时请照看一下小孩子。   

6.be+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词    
这类动词短语也相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后面,形容词是短语动词的真正词义,
例:I know he is slow at understanding,but you have to be patient with him. 我知道他理解力差,但你得对他耐心些。

动词短语与短语动词:
一、短语动词
(1)短语动词常常是两个词(一个动词+一个副词性小品)构成,如:wake up , get up ,turn out 等。

(2)同一个动词后面可以有不同的副词性小品词,构成不同意义的短语动词。如:He turn on the radio .Bob turned out smiling.

(3)短语动词用法普遍,尤其在非正式语言中:

我们可以说 He awoke late the following morning .但这太正式了。

我们通常说 He woke up late the following morning .


短语动词的类型

Here is a page from Mr Jones` diary :

Monday ,February 5th.

*有些短语动词不带宾语:

The car broke down .Cigarette prices are going up.

*多数主短语动词可以带宾语,宾语通常在副词性小品词的前或后:

动词+副词性小品词+宾语 动词+宾语+副词性小品词

I rang up a garage. I rang a garage up.

如果宾语较长,则通常放在副词之后:

I filled in an application form.(不说 I filled an application form in .)

如果宾语是代词,其结构通常如下:

动词+代词+副词性小品词

I put it down.(不说 I put down it .)

*有些短语动词是由三个词构成的(动词+副词性小品词+介词),这样,宾语就只能放在介词后面:

I don`t get on with the people at work.

短语动词由动词加上介词或副词小品词构成。比如:
1. 由动词break构成的常见短语动词有:
break away (from) 突然逃离;断绝往来,脱离;改掉,破除
break down (机器等)坏了;(计划等)失败;(谈话等)中断;(健康等)变坏;感情失去控制
break in 突然进来,强行进入;插嘴,打岔;训练,使适应
break into 强行进入;突然…起来;打断,插嘴;占用时间
break off 停止讲话;暂停,休息;(使)折断
break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生,爆发
break through 突破;克服,征服;强行穿过;(太阳等)从云层里出来
break up 解散,驱散;(学校等)放假;结束,破裂;击碎;绝交
break with 与…绝交,与…决裂
2. 又如由bring构成的常用短语动词有:
bring about 引起,实现,导致
bring (a)round 使改变观点或看法;使苏醒;顺便把某人带来串门
bring back 送还;使想起,使恢复
bring down 击落;打死,打伤;使倒下;降低
bring forth 产生,引起,结果
bring in 收获;获利;介绍,引进;聘请;逮捕
bring off 从船上救出;设法做成
bring on 带来,引起;促使生长;帮助提高
bring out 取出,拿出;显示出,使出来;出版
bring over 说服,使改变(思想等)
bring through 使度过(困难,危机等)
bring together 使和解
bring up 提出,提起;抚养,培养;呕吐

二、动词短语
动词短语由动词加上宾语或状语构成。如:
break a glass 打破一个玻璃杯
break one’s leg 摔断腿
break a window 打破窗户
break the rules 违反规定
break a bad habit 改掉坏习惯
break the world record 打破世界记录
bread easily 容易断
break to pieces 破成碎片
bring a book 带来一本书
bring sb sth 给某人带来某物
bring sb great satisfaction 给某人带来极大的快慰
bring death and famine 导致死亡和饥荒


初中英语动词短语整理:
1. break
break down破坏,出毛病,拆开
break off暂停,中断
break in破门而入, 打断
break into破门而入,突然…起来
break out爆发
break away from打破陈规;奋力挣脱;放弃习惯
break through 出现,突破
break up打碎,拆散, 分裂、分解

2. call
call at a place (车船等)停靠;到某地拜访。
call away 叫走,叫开…;转移(注意力等)。
call back唤回; 回电话;
call for需要,要求
call for sth (sb) 喊着叫某人来,喊着叫人取来某物
call in 叫进,请进; 找来,请来;来访;收回
call off取消; 叫走,转移开
call (up)on sb 拜访或看望某人
call sb sth 为某人叫某物
call (up)on sb to do sth
叫(请)某人做某事
call up给…打电话;  想起,回忆起; 召集,应召入伍   
call out大喊,高叫; 叫出去

3. come
come down下跌,落,降,传下来   
come in进来  
come out出版,结果是
come on来临/ 快点   
come along一道来,赶快
come over走过来   
come up发芽,走近     
come back回来   
come from来自,源自

4. cut
cut down砍倒,削减  
cut up连根拔除,切碎

5. die
die of死于(疾病,饥饿,寒冷,情感原因)
die from死于(外界原因)    
die out绝种

6. fall
fall behind落后 
fall down掉下,跌倒
fall into 落入;陷入
fall off 从。。。掉下
fall out与。。。争吵

7. go
go along沿着。。。。走
go through通过,经受
go over复习,检查                  
go up(价格)上涨,建造起来               
go against违反  
go away离开
go by时间过去                      
go down降低,(日、月)西沉
go on(with)继续进行                  
go out外出,熄灭                  
go off发出响声

8. get
get down下来,记下,使沮丧         
get on进展,进步,穿上,上车           
get off脱下,下车
get away逃跑,逃脱,去休假
get over克服,从疾病中恢复  
get along with进展,相处
get up起床                              
get into (trouble) 陷入困境中              
get back取回,收回                      
get out 出去
get to 到达。。。

9. give
give away赠送,泄露,出卖        
give out发出,疲劳,分发,      
give in (to sb.) 屈服
give up放弃,让(座位)

10. hand
hand in交上,提交
hand out分发    

11.hold
hold on to…继续,坚持
hold up举起,使停顿
hold on别挂电话,等,坚持     

12. keep       
keep up with跟上
keep out 不使。。。进入              
keep from克制,阻止
keep away from避开,不接近,
keep on继续,坚持下来
keep down 使。。。处于低水平                 

13.knock
knock at/on敲
knock into撞到某人身上                   

14. look
look up查找,向上看 
look through翻阅,浏览     
look after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找
look out(for)当心                                  
look about / around/round四下查看
look forward to盼望                           

15. make
make up编造,打扮,组成           
make into / of / from 制成           

16.pass     
pass by经过              
pass down(on)…to传给

17. pay
pay back还钱,报复 
pay for付钱,因…得到报应  

18. pick
pick up拾起,接人,站起,收听,
pick out挑选,辨认,看出  

19. put
put up张贴,举起,   
put out伸出,扑灭            
put off推迟               
put into放进,翻译
put away放好,存钱           
put down记下,平息
put on穿戴,上映,              
put aside放到一边         
put back放回

20. stand
stand out 突显,引人注目
stand up 起立,站起来
38.其它常用词组
wake up 醒,唤醒,弄醒
stay up 不睡觉;熬夜
depend on依靠;取决于
worry about为。。。担忧
laugh at嘲笑。。。
begin with以。。。开始
mix up混合、搀和
major in 主修
grow up成长
open up 打开,张开;开发
end up到达或来到某处; 达到某状态
throw away 丢弃。。。
ask for要求。。。
wait for等待。。。
agree with同意。。。
find out(经研究或询问)获知某事
send out 发出,放出,射出
search for 搜索,搜查
chop down 砍到
have.. on 穿着。。。
step out of 跨步走出
drop out of 从。。。掉出
happen to 发生在。。。
belong to属于
arrive in /at到达。。。
try on试穿。。。
vote on对。。。进行投票
strech out伸展。。。
hang out闲逛
leave for离开前往
sell out 卖完、售完
show up 出席;露面

21. run
run after追逐,追捕   
run away逃跑  
run off跑掉,迅速离开       
run out of用完

22. set
set up建立       
set off 激起,引起      

23. take
take after 与…相像
take off脱掉,起飞  
take away拿走  
take up从事,占用(时间空间)   
take down记录,取下       
take back收回
take pride in以… ……为自豪,
take the place of 代替

24. think
think of想起,考虑,对…看法   
think out(自然)想出办法  
think up想出(设计出、发明、编造)
think about考虑      
think over仔细考虑      

25. turn
turn off / on打开                  
turn to翻到,转向,求助
turn down调低,拒绝               
turn back返回,转回去
turn round转过身来                 
turn up向上翻,出现,音量调大                     

26. care
care about 担心,关心;在乎,介意
care for 关心,关怀,照顾

27. clean
clean up 把…打扫干净,把…收拾整齐
clean out 清除;把…打扫干净

28.learn
learn about 获悉,得知,认识到
learn from  从/向。。。学习

29. fight
fight for..争取获得…
fight against 争取克服、战胜…
fight with…与。。。搏斗/战斗

30. dream
dream of梦想,想橡
dream about 梦到。。。

31. work
work for 为。。工作
work out 产生结果;发展;成功

32. argue
argue with …与。。。争论
argue about..争论。。。

33. complain
complain to 向。。抱怨
complain about抱怨。。。

34. hear
hear of 听说,得知
hear about听到。。。的事,听到。。的话
hear from接到。。。的信

35. talk
talk about 讨论。。。
talk with/to..和。。。讨论

36. live
live in 住在。。。
live on 以。。。为主食



过去将来时:
表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。
去将来时的出发点是过去,即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。

过去将来时表达法:
1. would+动词原形
  例如:When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you.
2. was/were going to+动词原形
  例如:He told ustaht he was going to attend the meeting.
3. was/were to+动词原形
  例如:Li Lei was to arrive soon.
4. was/were about to+动词原形
  例如:We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.
5. was/were+现在分词
  例如:He was leaving the next day.

句型结构
肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~.
否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~.
疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?

肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.
否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~.
疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~?
过去将来时的构成和一般将来时一样,只不过把助动词be变为过去式,把will,shall变为过去式。
例句:I didn''t know if he would come. =I didn''t know if he was going to come. 我不知道他是否会来。


过去将来时具体用法:
一、would+不定式
1.用“would+不定式”表示过去将来时间通常带有表示过去将来的时间状语,而且多见于从属分句。
He said he would come back the next day.
2.如果要表示在过去将来某一时间正在进行得动作,可用“would+不定式进行体”。
例如:He never imagined that some day he would be living away from his motherland.
这种“would+不定式进行体”结构也可能仅仅表示一般过去过去将来时间,如同“will/shall+不定式进行体”表示一般将来时间一样。、
例如:He told me that Mary would be coming the next day.
如果要表示在过去将来某时以前业已发生得事态,可用“would+不定式完成体”。
例如:The delegation would have arrived by four o'clock that afternoon.
如果要表示从过去某时开始一直延续到过去将来某时得动作或事态,可用“would+不定式完成进行体”。
例如: She said that by the end of May she would have been studying medicine for three years

二、was/were going to +不定式
用做表示过去将来,也通常带有表示过去将来时间得状语。
例如: He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.
用做表示的动作或事态,也可以是没有实现的意图。
例如:Last  Sunday we were going to go for a picnic but it rained .

三、was/were to +不定式
用做表示过去将来,通常指按过去的计划安排将在某个过去将来时间发生得事态。
例如:They  were not to get away with it if they continued to violate the law.
用作表示过去将来的安排,如果这个安排后来被取消了,没有实现,则用“was/were to +不定式完成体”表示,并可与表示现在、过去或将来得时间状语连用。 此外,其也可用作于表示以后不可避免得要发生得事件。
例如:They said goodbye,little knowing they were never to meet again.

四、was/were about to +不定式
用半助动词be about to 的过去时形式也可使其表示过去将来。这种结构通常指最近的过去将来事态,而且在一定语境中通常指未曾实现的意图:
例如:We were about to start when it began to rain .

五、某些动词的过去进行时可表示过去将来时
come,go,leave,arrive,start等严格按照时间表发生的表起止的动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。
例1:He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车第二天早晨出发。
例2:She told me she was coming to see me.她告诉我她要来看我。

六、特定场合的一般过去时可表示过去将来时
条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
例1:I didn't know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么时候来,但她来了我会告诉你。
析:第一个when引导宾语从句,可使用将来时,第二个when引导时间状语从句,只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
例2:I didn't know if she would come,but if she came I would let you know.我不知道她是否来,但如果她来我会告诉你。
析:第一个if引导宾语从句,可使用将来时,第二个if引导条件状语从句,只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。


从属连词:
这种连词是用以引导名词性从句定语从句和状语从句的,由从属连词所引导的句子叫从句,而含有从句的句子叫作复合句。

从属连词可分为三大类:
1、that (无词义,不做成分)
if,whether (表达是否的意义,但不做句子成分)
2、连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever, whoever, whichever(有词义,在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语)
3、连接副词:when,where,why,how,how many,how long,how far,however,whenever,wherever (有词义,作从句的状语)

用法:
从结构上说,英语连接词分两大类:并列连词和从属连词。

并列连词连接两个或两个以上地位平等的字、词组或分句。例如:
(1) Air and water are indispensable to me.   
(2) She likes going out with friends or playing outdoor games.   
(3) Most workers have a good income, so they look very happy.   

从属连词连接两个或两个以上的分句,形成复杂句中的从属分句。例如:   
(4) He said that he did not want to go .   
(5) Many things have happened since I last saw him.   
(6) You may come if you want to.   

从属连词用来连接各种从句。
until(till)直到,在用until表达时间状语的句子中,主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择的。
如动词是持续行动词,它要用肯定句,如:
I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night.
如果动词是瞬间截止性动词,则要用否定句,如:
He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.
由since,for,by,before, 来引导的时间状语从句。
since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间,如:
I have studied English since 1990.
而by引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间,如:
I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term.


从属连词语法分类:
种类 语法作用 连词举例 
从属连词 引导原因状语从句 Because, since
引导条件状语从句 If, unless, as long as
引导目的状语从句 So that
引导结果状语从句 So…that
引导方式状语从句 As, just as, as if
引导让步状语从句 Though, although, even
though, no matter what,
however, no matter how,
whoever, no matter who,
wherever, no matter where
引导比较状语从句 As…as, not so…as, than,
less…than, the more…the
more
引导名词性从句 Who, whom, whose, which,
that, when, where, why

疑问词组:
即使由疑问词和一些词一起构成的表示疑问的词组。由how/what与另外一个词组成的词组。
例如:
how many (后接可数名词,多少), how much (后接不可数名词,多少), 
how often (表示频率), what if (如果…将会怎么样), 
what about (…怎么样), what time (几点)

与how搭配的疑问词组:
How在英语中通常用作副词,是特殊疑问句中本领最大的疑问词。他与其它形容词或副词搭配组成疑问词组
1.How old问年龄、年代。
How old is your friend? 你朋友多大了?
How old is the bridge? 这座桥有多少年代了?
2.How many问可数名词数量。常将可数名词复数紧随其后。如:
How many pictures are there on the wall? 墙上有多少幅画?
How many glasses of milk would you like? 你们想要几杯牛奶?
3.How much询问不可数名词的数量、物品的价格。
How much money is there in the purse? 钱包里有多少钱?
How much are the apples at the moment? 目前苹果什么价钱?
4.How long提问物体的长度、时间的长短。
How long is the Changjia River? 长江有多长?
How long does it take you to do your homework every day?
你每天花多长时间做作业?
5.How soon 对 “in+一段时间 ”提问, 表示“多久之后”。
How soon will you be back? 你多久后回来?
6.How often对表示频率的副词或短语提问。
How often does Mrs. Green go shopping? 格林夫人多久去购一次物?
7.How about用来征求对方意见。
Your father is a worker, how about your mother? 你父亲是工人,你母亲呢?
How about playing games after school this afternoon? 下午放学后做游戏怎么样?
8.How far 问两地间的距离How tall问人(树)的高度;how heavy问重量;how wide问宽;how high可以询问建筑物、山峰高度。
How far is it from the earth to the moon? 从地球到月球有多远?
How tall is Yao Ming? 姚明身高多少?
How heavy is that big box? 那只大箱子有多重?
How wide is the new street? 这条新街有多宽?
How high is the tower in Paris? 巴黎的那座塔有多高?

与what搭配的疑问词组:

疑问词 意思 用法 例句
what 什么 用来问是什么,叫什么,做什么等 1. What’s your name?
你叫什么名字?
2.What’s your father?
你爸爸是干什么的?
3.what is in your box?
你的盒子里是什么?
what
time
什么时间 用来问时间 1.What time is it?  几点了?
2.What time is it now?
现在几点了?
what
colour
什么颜色 用来问颜色 1.waht colour is your bag?
你的书包是什么颜色?
2.what colour is your book?
你的书本是什么颜色?
what
about
怎么样 用来征求意见或询问感受等,
大多用于承接上面的同样问题

1.what bout this pair of shoes?这双鞋子怎么样?
2.what about you? 你呢?
3.what about your dad?
你爸爸呢?

what
day
星期几 用来问星期几 1.what day is it today?
今天星期几?
2. what day was yesterday?
昨天星期几?
what
date
什么日期 问具体的日期 1.What’s the date today?
今天是几号?
2. what date is tomorrow?
明天是几号?
what...for... 为何目的 用来问目的,在一定情况下只可以与why互换 What did you buy that for?
你为什么要买那个?